# Teodor Oizerman
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{{short description|Soviet and Russian philosopher}}
{{Fnh|Mikhailovich|Nikolsky|lang=Eastern Slavic}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox philosopher
| region = [Soviet philosophy](/source/Soviet_philosophy)
[Russian philosophy](/source/Russian_philosophy)
| era = [Contemporary philosophy](/source/Contemporary_philosophy)
| image = Teodor Ojzerman foto.png
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Oizerman in 2012
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{OldStyleDate|14 May|1914|1 May}}
| birth_place = [Petrovirivka](/source/Petrovirivka), [Tiraspol uezd](/source/Tiraspol_uezd), [Kherson Governorate](/source/Kherson_Governorate), [Russian Empire](/source/Russian_Empire)
| death_date = {{death date and age|2017|3|25|1914|5|14|df=yes}}
| death_place = [Moscow](/source/Moscow), Russia
| school_tradition =
| main_interests = History of [Western](/source/Western_philosophy) and [Marxist](/source/Marxism) philosophy
| notable_ideas =
| influences =
| influenced =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| alma_mater = [Moscow State University](/source/Moscow_State_University) (1938)
}}
'''Teodor Ilyich Oizerman''' ({{langx|ru|Теодор Ильич Ойзерман}}; {{OldStyleDate|14 May|1914|1 May}} – 25 March 2017) was a Soviet and Russian philosopher and academician.[http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enc_biography/94770/Ойзерман, ''passim'']
==Biography==
Oizerman was born in [Petrovirivka](/source/Petrovirivka) into a [Jewish](/source/History_of_the_Jews_in_Russia) family. His parents were teachers. During [World War II](/source/World_War_II), he served in the [Red Army](/source/Red_Army). Oizerman was a member of the [Russian Academy of Sciences](/source/Russian_Academy_of_Sciences) from 1981 until his death. He received an [honorary doctorate](/source/Honorary_degree) from the [University of Jena](/source/University_of_Jena) in 1979 and the [USSR State Prize](/source/USSR_State_Prize) in 1983. In 1979, Oizerman was awarded the [Plekhanov](/source/Georgi_Plekhanov) prize for the monograph ''The Main Trends in Philosophy''.[[http://www.ras.ru/about/awards/awdlist.aspx?awdid=143 The Plekhanov prize] {{in lang|ru}} ]
The first edition of this book was out in 1971. The second edition published in 1984 was translated into English in 1988. He also served on the [Anti-Zionist Committee of the Soviet Public](/source/Anti-Zionist_Committee_of_the_Soviet_Public).[{{ISBN|3-7186-5740-6}} ''Russian Antisemitism, Pamyat and the Demonology of Zionism (Studies in Antisemitism)'' by William Korey]
Following the 1991 break-up of the Soviet Union, Oizerman moved towards [social democratic](/source/social_democratic) and anti-[Leninist](/source/Leninism) positions. He viewed [Vladimir Lenin](/source/Vladimir_Lenin)'s interpretation and application of the ideas of [Karl Marx](/source/Karl_Marx) and [Friedrich Engels](/source/Friedrich_Engels) in the [Russian Revolution](/source/Russian_Revolution) as incorrect, and believed Lenin's view led towards [oligarchy](/source/oligarchy) rather than the victorious establishment of the [dictatorship of the proletariat](/source/dictatorship_of_the_proletariat).[Luther, Sara Fletcher, John J. Neumaier, Howard Lee Parsons, eds. ''Diverse Perspectives on Marxist Philosophy: East and West''. Issue 53 of Contributions in Philosophy. Westport, Ct.: Greenwood Publishing Group, 1995. {{ISBN|0-313-29396-1}}, {{ISBN|978-0-313-29396-2}}. P. 7.] Oizerman died on 25 March 2017 in Moscow at the age of 102.[{{cite web |url=https://gorky.media/news/skonchalsya-filosof-teodor-ojzerman/ |script-title=ru:Скончался философ Теодор Ойзерман |publisher=gorky.media |author=Staff |date=2017-03-25 |accessdate=2017-03-25 |language=russian}}]
==Works==
Oizerman was a prolific author. Below is a partial list of his [monograph](/source/monograph)s.
*Возникновение марксизма — революционный переворот в философии (with V.I. Svetlov). [Moscow](/source/Moscow), 1948.
*Католическая философия империалистической реакции. Moscow, 1954.
*Немецкая классическая философия — один из теоретических источников марксизма. Moscow, 1955.
*Развитие марксистской теории на опыте революций 1948 г. Moscow, 1955.
*Философия Гегеля. Moscow, 1956.
*Обобщение Марксом и Энгельсом опыта революций 1848 г. (лекции). Moscow, 1956.
*Основные этапы развития домарксистской философии. Moscow, 1957.
*К. Маркс — основоположник диалектического и исторического материализма. Moscow, 1958.
*Неотомизм — философия современной реакционной буржуазии. Moscow, 1959.
*Основные черты современной буржуазной философии. Moscow, 1960.
*Чему учит и кому служит современная буржуазная социология (with A.F. Okulov). Moscow, 1960.
*Формирование философии марксизма. Moscow, 1962 (translated into English as "Making of the Marxist Philosophy" and into Arabic).
*Философия Фихте. Moscow, 1962.
*Проблемы историко-философской науки. Moscow, 1962 (translated into English as "Problems of the History of Philosophy", 1974, and into French as "Problèmes d'Histoire de la Philosophie", 1973 (as Théodore Oizerman)).
*Антикоммунизм — выражение кризиса буржуазной идеологии. Moscow, 1963.
*Zur Geschichte der vormarxistischen Philosophie. [Berlin](/source/Berlin), 1963.
*Die Enstehung der marxistischen Philosophie. Berlin, 1965 и 1980.
*Проблема отчуждения и буржуазная легенда о марксизме. Moscow, 1965.
*Entfremdung als historische Kategorie. Berlin, 1966.
*Марксистско-ленинское понимание свободы. Moscow, 1967.
*Ленинские принципы научной критики идеализма. Доклад на Научной конференции по теме «Ленинский этап в развитии марксистской философии». Moscow, 1969.
*{{Interlanguage link multi|The main trends in philosophy|ru|3=Главные философские направления|lt=Главные философские направления: теоретический анализ историко-философского процесса|vertical-align=sup}}. Moscow, 1971 (translated into English as "[The main trends in philosophy](/source/The_main_trends_in_philosophy): a theoretical analysis of the history of philosophy", 1988, and into Persian as "مسايل تاريخ فلسفه").
*Кризис современного идеализма, Moscow, 1972.
*Der junge Marx im ideologischen Kampf der Gegenwart. [Frankfurt am Main](/source/Frankfurt_am_Main), 1972.
*Философия И. Канта. Moscow, 1974.
*История диалектики XIV—XVIII вв (coauthored). Moscow, 1974.
*Философия Канта и современность. Moscow, 1974.
*Исторический материализм и идеология «технического пессимизма». Moscow, 1976.
*Научно-техническая революция и кризис современной буржуазной идеологии (coauthored). Moscow, 1978.
*История диалектики. Немецкая классическая философия (with A.S. Bogomolov, P.P. Gaydenko et al.). Moscow, 1978.
*{{Interlanguage link multi|Dialectical Materialism and the History of Philosophy|sk|3=Dialektický materializmus a dejiny filozofie|lt=Диалектический материализм и история философии (историко-философские очерки)|vertical-align=sup}}. Moscow, 1979.
** {{cite book
| last = Oizerman
| first = Theodore
| others = Dmitri Beliavsky (translator)
| title = [Dialectical Materialism and the History of Philosophy](/source/Dialectical_Materialism_and_the_History_of_Philosophy): Essays on the History of Philosophy
| year = 1982
| publisher = [Progress Publishers](/source/Progress_Publishers)
| location = [Moscow](/source/Moscow)
| postscript = First published in Russian as «Диалектический материализм и история философии (историко-философские очерки)»
}}
*Критика буржуазной концепции смерти философии. Moscow, 1980.
*Историко-философское учение Гегеля. Moscow, 1982.
*Основы теории историко-философского процесса (with A.S. Bogomolov). Moscow, 1983 (translated into English as "Principles of the Theory of the Historical Process in Philosophy", 1986, and into Arabic).
*Философия эпохи ранних буржуазных революций (coauthored). Moscow, 1983.
*Рациональное и иррациональное. Moscow, 1984.
*El materialismo dialectico у la historia de la filosofia. [Havana](/source/Havana), 1984.
*Ленин. Философия. Современность (with R.I. Kosolapov, A.G. Yegorov et al.). Moscow, 1985.
*Критика критического рационализма. Moscow, 1988.
*Felsefe Tarihinin Sorunları (Проблемы истории философии). [Istanbul](/source/Istanbul), 1988 и 1998.
*Маркс. Философия. Современность (with N.I. Lapin, M.Ya. Kovalzon, et al.). Moscow, 1988.
*Научно-философское воззрение марксизма. Moscow, 1989.
*Philosophie auf dem Wege zur Wissenschaft. Berlin, 1989.
*Философия раннего и позднего Шеллинга (With V.V. Lazarev). Moscow, 1990.
*Теория познания Канта (with I.S. Tsarskiy). Moscow, 1991.
*Теория познания. В 4-х томах. Институт философии АН СССР. Teodor Oizerman, ed. Moscow, 1991.
*Феноменология искусства (coauthored). Moscow, 1996.
*Философия как история философии. [Saint Petersburg](/source/Saint_Petersburg), 1999.
*Марксизм и утопизм. — М.: Прогресс—Традиция, 2003.
*Оправдание ревизионизма. — M.: Канон+, POOИ «Реабилитация», 2005.
*Возникновение марксизма. — М.: Канон + РООИ «Реабилитация», 2010.
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
;Works available online (in English)
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20090720134449/http://www.leninist.biz/en/1973/PHP462/index.html "Problems of the History of Philosophy"]}} Translated from the Russian by Robert Daglish. Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1973.
* The main Trends in Philosophy. A Theoretical Analysis of the History of Philosophy. Translated by ''H. Campbell Creighton'', M.A. (Oxon). Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1988. {{ISBN|5-01-000506-9}} (The book was in 1979 awarded the [Plekhanov](/source/Georgi_Plekhanov) prize under the decision of the USSR Academy of Sciences)
** {{usurped|1=[https://archive.today/20130115102204/http://leninist.biz/en/1988/MTP323/index.html in HTML format]}}
** [https://archive.org/details/TheMainTrendsInPhilosophy in DjVu format] ([Internet Archive](/source/Internet_Archive))
*: See a review of the book: {{cite journal
| last1 = Adelmann
| first1 = F. J.
|date= Mar 1991
| title = Review: The Main Trends in Philosophy by T. I. Oizerman; H. Campbell Creighton
| journal = Studies in Soviet Thought
| volume = 41
| issue = 2
| pages = 155–157
| jstor = 20100584
}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Oizerman, Teodor}}
Category:1914 births
Category:2017 deaths
Category:20th-century Russian philosophers
Category:People from Berezivka Raion
Category:People from Tiraspolsky Uyezd
Category:Communist Party of the Soviet Union members
Category:Academic staff of Saratov State University
Category:Full Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Category:Full Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences
Category:Members of the German Academy of Sciences at Berlin
Category:Moscow State University alumni
Category:Recipients of the Order of the Badge of Honour
Category:Recipients of the Order of the October Revolution
Category:Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Category:Recipients of the Order of the Red Star
Category:Recipients of the USSR State Prize
Category:Anti-Zionist Jews
Category:Kantian philosophers
Category:Russian people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent
Category:Russian men centenarians
Category:Russian social democrats
Category:Soviet Jews
Category:Soviet military personnel of World War II
Category:Soviet philosophers
Category:Ukrainian Jews
Category:Burials at Troyekurovskoye Cemetery
Category:Jewish centenarians
---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Teodor Oizerman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teodor_Oizerman) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teodor_Oizerman?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.