# Temple Jacob

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Synagogue in Michigan, U.S.

Temple Jacob Temple Jacob, in 2021 Religion Affiliation Reform Judaism Ecclesiastical or organizational status Synagogue Status Active (seasonal) Location Location 301 Front Street, Hancock, Michigan 49930 Country United States Location in Michigan Coordinates 47°07′34″N 88°34′25″W / 47.126087°N 88.573624°W / 47.126087; -88.573624 Architecture Architect Maass Brothers Type Synagogue architecture Style Georgian Revival Established 1889 (as a congregation) Completed 1912 Materials Jacobsville sandstone

**Temple Jacob**, officially the **Congregation of Israel**, is an historic [Reform](/source/Reform_Judaism) [Jewish](/source/Judaism) congregation and [synagogue](/source/Synagogue), located at 301 Front Street, in [Hancock](/source/Hancock%2C_Michigan), in the [Upper Peninsula](/source/Upper_Peninsula_of_Michigan) region of [Michigan](/source/Michigan), in the United States.

The congregation originated out of the copper boom in the [Keweenaw Peninsula](/source/Keweenaw_Peninsula) in the late 19th and early 20th century. The first Jewish synagogue in the [Copper Country](/source/Copper_Country), it is also the oldest, continuously active Jewish house of worship in the Upper Peninsula and the only active synagogue in Michigan listed on the [National Historic Register](/source/National_Register_of_Historic_Places) as a [contributing property](/source/Contributing_property) in the [East Hancock Neighborhood Historic District](/source/East_Hancock_Neighborhood_Historic_District).[1][2]

The synagogue is located near the north end of the lift bridge which connects the two towns of [Houghton](/source/Houghton%2C_Michigan) and [Hancock](/source/Hancock%2C_Michigan). It was built on land purchased from the [Quincy Mining Company](/source/Quincy_Mining_Company_Stamp_Mills_Historic_District) and was dedicated in September 1912. The cornerstone inscribes the building in memory of Jacob, son of Israel Gartner, who was a generous contributor and fundraiser. He died shortly before the building was completed.[3]

## Builders and structure

Southwest corner of the building

Maass Brothers Architects provided the plans and specifications. J. J. Kelly built the temple foundation, which is constructed of Jacobsville sandstone. A. J. Verville completed the superstructure. A vitrified glazed brick was used for the walls.[2][4]

The hip-roofed structure, which measures 40 by 40 feet (12 m × 12 m) is topped by a copper dome. "Windows are round-arched, with stained glass that depicts a dove with an olive branch, shofar (ram's horn), burning bush, Noah's ark, hands in blessing, Star of David, eternal light, and the tablets of the Ten Commandments. Inside, the layout of the temple follows normal Jewish customs, with the [ark](/source/Torah_ark) on the east wall. A balcony was once used to separate the men and the women during prayers."[2][4]

## History

The Congregation of Israel was established in 1889, at a time when the Jewish population in the Copper Country was increasing steadily in size. By 1910, at the peak of the copper boom, there were about 100 Jewish families in the Copper Country. By the time the synagogue was completed in 1912, the demand for copper had started to decline; and, with it, the population of the area, including the Jewish population.[5]

Although initially formed as an [Orthodox](/source/Orthodox_Judaism) congregation, Temple Jacob eventually changed to become a Reform synagogue, as did many other small synagogues throughout the U.S.[6] In the 1930s a local businessman and retailer, Norbert Kahn, who had come to the Upper Peninsula from Germany in the mid-1920s and married into the Gartner family, brought a number of his relatives from Germany to escape the hopeless situation of pre-World War II Germany.[5]

### Vandalism

On September 21, 2019, 23-year-old Nathan Weeden of [Houghton](/source/Houghton%2C_Michigan), Michigan, spray painted swastikas and the symbol of [The Base](/source/The_Base_(hate_group)), a [neo-Nazi](/source/Neo-Nazi) group, on the exterior of Temple Jacob as part of a broader vandalism [campaign the group called Operational Kristallnacht](/source/2019_synagogue_vandalism).[7] In January 2024, Weeden was convicted of conspiring to injure, oppress, threaten or intimidate any person in the exercise of their rights and convicted of intentionally defacing, damaging or destroying religious property. His co-conspirators had previously pleaded guilty to federal crimes related to the incident.[8]

On June 4, 2024, the US Attorney's Office for Western Michigan announced Mr. Weeden "was sentenced to 26 months for conspiring with other members of a white supremacist group, The Base, to victimize Black and Jewish people, and for defacing Temple Jacob.." [9]

## Recent history

Although the Jewish population, like the local population in general, continued to decline through most of the 20th century, new families continued to arrive in small numbers. In recent years an active but small congregation of professionals, academics at [Michigan Technological University](/source/Michigan_Technological_University), recent arrivals of summer visitors, a small continuing local Jewish population, and a group of generous friends have helped to maintain the synagogue and keep Judaism alive in the Copper Country through High Holiday services which are conducted by a visiting rabbi, [Passover Seders](/source/Passover_Seder), [Torah study](/source/Torah_study), [Sukkot](/source/Sukkot) and [Tu BiShvat](/source/Tu_BiShvat) celebrations and [Jewish summer camp](/source/Jewish_summer_camp) scholarships.[10]

Temple Jacob is one of two Jewish congregations in the Upper Peninsula, following the closure of Anshe Knesseth Israel in [Iron Mountain](/source/Iron_Mountain%2C_Michigan) in 2020. The other is [Temple Beth Sholom](/source/Temple_Beth_Sholom_(Marquette%2C_Michigan)) of [Marquette](/source/Marquette%2C_Michigan), formerly in [Ishpeming](/source/Ishpeming%2C_Michigan).[11][5]

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** ["East Hancock Neighborhood Historic District"](https://web.archive.org/web/20120318033952/http://www.mcgi.state.mi.us/hso/sites/5819.htm). *State Historic Preservation Office*. Michigan State Housing Development Authority. Archived from [the original](http://www.mcgi.state.mi.us/hso/sites/5819.htm) on March 18, 2012. Retrieved June 20, 2012.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-SAH_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-SAH_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-SAH_2-2) Bishop Eckert, Kathryn (2012). Esperdy, Gabrielle; Kingsley, Karen (eds.). ["Temple Jacob", \[Hancock, Michigan\]"](http://sah-archipedia.org/buildings/MI-01-HO15). *SAH Archipedia*. Charlottesville: [Society of Architectural Historians](/source/Society_of_Architectural_Historians) and [University of Virginia Press](/source/University_of_Virginia_Press). Retrieved February 18, 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** ["The Temple Jacob Website: History"](http://thetemplejacobwebsite.com/history.html).[*[self-published source?](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources)*][*[dead link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot)*]

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-social_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-social_4-1) Davis, Morgan. ["Copper Country Architects"](https://web.archive.org/web/20130326160935/http://www.social.mtu.edu/CopperCountryArchitects/ma_build.htm). Michigan Technological University. Archived from [the original](http://www.social.mtu.edu/CopperCountryArchitects/ma_build.htm) on March 26, 2013.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-jews_5-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-jews_5-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-jews_5-2) Elstein, Rochelle Berger (1998). ["The Jews of Houghton-Hancock and their Synagogue"](https://web.archive.org/web/20040410121944/http://www.michjewishhistory.org/pdfs/vol38.pdf) (PDF). *Michigan Jewish History*. The Jewish Historical Society of Michigan. Archived from [the original](http://www.michjewishhistory.org/pdfs/vol38.pdf) (PDF) on 2004-04-10.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** Weissbach, Lee Shai (2005). *Jewish Life in Small Town America: A History*. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-WeedenArrest_7-0)** Lofton, Justine (2023-06-30). ["Alleged member of white supremacist group accused of painting swastikas on U.P. synagogue"](https://www.mlive.com/news/2023/06/alleged-member-of-white-supremacist-group-accused-of-painting-swastikas-on-up-synagogue.html). *[MLive.com](/source/MLive.com)*. Retrieved 26 January 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** ["White Supremacist Group Member Convicted of Federal Hate Crime for Defacing Michigan Synagogue with Neo-Nazi Symbols"](https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/white-supremacist-group-member-convicted-federal-hate-crime-defacing-michigan-synagogue-neo) (Press release). Office of Public Affairs, [United States Department of Justice](/source/United_States_Department_of_Justice). January 25, 2024. Retrieved February 18, 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** [https://www.justice.gov/usao-wdmi/pr/2024_0604_Weeden_N_Sentenced](https://www.justice.gov/usao-wdmi/pr/2024_0604_Weeden_N_Sentenced)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-t_10-0)** ["Temple Jacob - Hancock, MI"](https://forward.com/series/synagogue-guide/temple-jacob-hancock-mi/). *[The Forward](/source/The_Forward)* (in Portuguese). 2021. Retrieved 2021-06-23.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Lovy2020_11-0)** Lovy, Jennifer (2020-11-25). ["Last Aliyah at Iron Mountain: As Tiny Jewish Community Dwindles, Historic U.P. Shul Finally Shuts its Doors"](https://www.thejewishnews.com/community/last-aliyah-at-iron-mountain-as-tiny-jewish-community-dwindles-historic-u-p-shul-finally/article_4824458e-d3b0-58ac-8e9a-9341564c764c.html). *The Detroit Jewish News*. Retrieved 2023-06-29.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to [Temple Jacob (Hancock, Michigan)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Temple_Jacob_(Hancock,_Michigan)).

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