# Tectivirus > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Tectivirus > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Tectivirus.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectivirus > Source revision: 1333148243 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{Short description|Family of viruses}} {{cs1 config|name-list-style=vanc}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}} {{Virusbox | image = 1gw7.jpg | image_caption = [CryoEM](/source/CryoEM) model of Enterobacteria phage PRD1 capsid. PDB entry {{PDBe|1gw7}}{{cite journal|pmid=12219080|year=2002|last1=San Martín|first1=C|last2=Huiskonen|first2=JT|last3=Bamford|first3=JK|last4=Butcher|first4=SJ|last5=Fuller|first5=SD|last6=Bamford|first6=DH|last7=Burnett |first7=RM|title=Minor proteins, mobile arms and membrane-capsid interactions in the bacteriophage PRD1 capsid|volume=9|issue=10|pages=756–63|doi=10.1038/nsb837|journal=Nature Structural Biology|s2cid=32856328 }} | taxon = Tectiviridae | display_parents = 3 | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision = See text }} '''''Tectiviridae''''' is a family of [viruses](/source/viruses) with 12 species in five genera. Bacteria serve as natural hosts.{{cite web|title=Viral Zone|url=http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/579.html|publisher=ExPASy|access-date=15 June 2015}}{{cite web|title=Virus Taxonomy: 2024 Release|url=https://ictv.global/taxonomy|publisher=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses|access-date=24 March 2025}} Tectiviruses have no head-tail structure, but are capable of producing tail-like tubes of ~ 60×10 nm upon adsorption or after [chloroform](/source/chloroform) treatment. The name is derived from [Latin](/source/Latin) ''tectus'' (meaning 'covered').{{cite web|url=https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_9th_report/dsdna-viruses-2011/w/dsdna_viruses/133/tectiviridae|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424161051/https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_9th_report/dsdna-viruses-2011/w/dsdna_viruses/133/tectiviridae|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 April 2019|title=ICTV Ninth Report; 2009 Taxonomy Release: ''Tectiviridae''|author=|website=ICTV|access-date=18 September 2020}} ==Virology== thumb|Entry mechanism Enterobacteria phage PRD1 The [virion](/source/virion)s of ''Tectiviridae'' species are non-enveloped, icosahedral and display a pseudo T=25 symmetry. The [capsid](/source/capsid) has two layers. The outer layer is a protein structure of 240 capsid proteins trimers, and the inner one is a proteinaceous lipid membrane which envelopes the virus [genome](/source/genome). Apical spikes extending about 20 [nanometer](/source/nanometer)s (nm) protrude from the icosahedrons vertices. The genome is a single molecule of linear double-stranded [DNA](/source/DNA) of 15 kilo[bases](/source/base_pair) in length, and has 30 open reading frames. It forms a tightly packed coil and encodes several structural proteins. It encodes about 30 proteins that are transcribed in operons. At least 9 structural proteins are present in the viron. The genome is about 66 mega[dalton](/source/Dalton_(unit))s in weight and constitutes 14–15% of the virion by weight. [Lipid](/source/Lipid)s constitute a further 15% by weight. [Carbohydrate](/source/Carbohydrate)s are not present. ==Life cycle== Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by adsorption into the host cell. After adsorption to the host cell surface the virion extrudes a tail-tube structure through a vertex for genome delivery into the host. Replication follows the DNA strand displacement model. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. Capsid proteins polymerize around a lipoprotein vesicle translocated in the cytoplasm by virion assembly factors. Mature virons are released by lysis, which, in the case of PRD1, is achieved with the aid of virus-encoded lysis machinery consisting of four proteins: P15 ([endolysin](/source/Lysin)),{{cite journal|title=Gene XV of bacteriophage PRD1 encodes a lytic enzyme with muramidase activity|journal=Eur J Biochem|year=1994|volume=225|issue=1|pages=341–346|doi=10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.00341.x|pmid=7925454|vauthors=Caldentey J, Hänninen AL, Bamford DH |doi-access=free}} P35 (holin),{{cite journal|title=Identification and mutational analysis of bacteriophage PRD1 holin protein P35|journal=J Bacteriol|year=2003|volume=185|issue=13|pages=3795–3803|doi=10.1128/JB.185.13.3795-3803.2003|pmid=12813073|vauthors=Rydman PS, Bamford DH |pmc=161566}} P36 and P37 (homologues of the Rz/Rz1 proteins of phage lambda).{{cite journal|title=Identification and functional analysis of the Rz/Rz1-like accessory lysis genes in the membrane-containing bacteriophage PRD1|journal=Mol Microbiol|year=2008|volume=68|issue=2|pages=492–503|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06165.x|pmid=18366440|vauthors=Krupovic M, Cvirkaite-Krupovic V, Bamford DH |doi-access=free}} ==Taxonomy== ''Tectiviridae'' contains the following genera and species: * ''[Alphatectivirus](/source/Alphatectivirus)'' ** ''[Alphatectivirus PR4](/source/Alphatectivirus_PR4)'' ** ''[Alphatectivirus PRD1](/source/Alphatectivirus_PRD1)'' * ''[Betatectivirus](/source/Betatectivirus)'' ** ''[Betatectivirus AP50](/source/Bacillus_virus_AP50)'' ** ''[Betatectivirus Bam35](/source/Betatectivirus_Bam35)'' ** ''[Betatectivirus GIL16](/source/Betatectivirus_GIL16)'' ** ''[Betatectivirus sato](/source/Betatectivirus_sato)'' ** ''[Betatectivirus sole](/source/Betatectivirus_sole)'' ** ''[Betatectivirus Wip1](/source/Betatectivirus_Wip1)'' * ''[Deltatectivirus](/source/Deltatectivirus)'' ** ''[Deltatectivirus forthebois](/source/Deltatectivirus_forthebois)'' ** ''[Deltatectivirus wheeheim](/source/Deltatectivirus_wheeheim)'' * ''[Epsilontectivirus](/source/Epsilontectivirus)'' ** ''[Epsilontectivirus toil](/source/Epsilontectivirus_toil)'' * ''[Gammatectivirus](/source/Gammatectivirus)'' ** ''[Gammatectivirus GC1](/source/Gammatectivirus_GC1)'' Other unassigned phages:[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Tree&id=2047787&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock Unclassified Tectiviridae]. NCBI Taxonomy. * [Thermus virus phiKo](/source/Thermus_virus_phiKo) * [Microbacterium virus Badulia](/source/Microbacterium_virus_Badulia) * [Microbacterium virus MuffinTheCat](/source/Microbacterium_virus_MuffinTheCat) ==References== {{Reflist}} ==Further reading== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20041206110941/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/00.068.htm ICTVdB—The Universal Virus Database] ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.068. Tectiviridae. In: ICTVdB—The Universal Virus Database, version 3. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070224232458/http://www.microbiologybytes.com/virology/VirusGroups.html Virus Taxonomy]: Eighth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses H.V. Van Regenmortel, D.H.L. Bishop, M. H. Van Regenmortel, Claude M. Fauquet (Eds) * [http://www.ictvdb.rothamsted.ac.uk/ICTVdB/68010000.htm 68.0.1. Tectivirus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928130124/http://www.ictvdb.rothamsted.ac.uk/ICTVdB/68010000.htm |date=28 September 2007 }} ==External links== * [http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/579.html '''Viralzone''': Tectivirus] * [http://ictvonline.org/virusTaxonomy.asp '''ICTV'''] {{Baltimore classification}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q569755}} Category:Tectiviridae Category:Bacteriophages Category:Virus families --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Tectivirus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectivirus) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectivirus?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.