# Teacup galaxy

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Low redshift quasar in the constellation Boötes

Teacup galaxy The Teacup Galaxy as seen by the Hubble Space Telescope Credit: NASA, ESA, W. Keel (University of Alabama), and the Galaxy Zoo Team Observation data (J2000.0 epoch) Constellation Boötes[1] Right ascension 14h 30m 29.868s[2] Declination +13° 39′ 11.79″[2] Redshift 0.08513[2] Distance 1,100 Mly (337.26 Mpc) Characteristics Apparent size (V) 0.223' × 0.197'[2] Other designations FIRST J143029.9+133912, IRAS F14281+1352, LEDA 1436754, NVSS J143030+133912, SDSS J1430+1339

The **Teacup galaxy**,[3] also known as the **Teacup AGN**[2] or [SDSS](/source/Sloan_Digital_Sky_Survey) J1430+1339 is a low [redshift](/source/Redshift) type 2 [quasar](/source/Quasar),[4] showing an extended loop of ionized gas resembling a handle of a [teacup](/source/Teacup), which was discovered by volunteers of the [Galaxy Zoo](/source/Galaxy_Zoo) project and labeled as a [Voorwerpje](/source/Hanny's_Voorwerp#Voorwerpjes).[5]

## Galaxy

The Teacup galaxy is dominated by a [bulge](/source/Bulge_(astronomy)) and has an asymmetric structure with a shell-like structure and a [tidal tail](/source/Tidal_tail). The shell and tail are signatures of a recent [merger](/source/Galaxy_merger) of two galaxies.[6] [Dust lanes](/source/Dust_lane) in the system are interpreted as a gas-rich merger.[7] Several candidate [star clusters](/source/Star_cluster) were identified in this galaxy with [Hubble Space Telescope](/source/Hubble_Space_Telescope) images.[6] Observations with the [Gran Telescopio Canarias](/source/Gran_Telescopio_Canarias) showed that the Teacup Galaxy has a giant reservoir of ionized gas extending up to 111 kpc. The optical/radio bubbles seem to be expanding across this intergalactic medium.[4]

## Active galactic nucleus

Early studies of the Teacup AGN suggested that it is fading,[8] although there was no clear evidence.[9] Observations with [VLT/SINFONI](/source/Very_Large_Telescope#Instruments) showed a [blueshifted](/source/Blueshift) nuclear outflow with a velocity of 1600–1800 km/s.[10] Observations in [x-rays](/source/X-ray) with [Swift](/source/Neil_Gehrels_Swift_Observatory), [XMM-Newton](/source/XMM-Newton) and [Chandra](/source/Chandra_X-ray_Observatory) revealed a powerful, highly obscured [active galactic nucleus](/source/Active_galactic_nucleus). This new result suggests that the AGN might not require fading. The quasar has dimmed by only a factor of 25 or less over the past 100,000 years.[11][1]

## Bubbles

The Teacup Galaxy with images from [Hubble](/source/Hubble_Space_Telescope) (blue) and the [Very Large Array](/source/Very_Large_Array) (orange), showing both bubbles

One bubble was discovered by [Galaxy Zoo](/source/Galaxy_Zoo) volunteers in [SDSS](/source/Sloan_Digital_Sky_Survey) images as a 5 [kpc](/source/Kiloparsec) loop of ionized gas.[5] The loop is dominated by emission lines, such as [hydrogen alpha](/source/H-alpha) and [doubly ionized oxygen](/source/Doubly_ionized_oxygen), which gives the loop seen in SDSS images a [purple](/source/Purple) color. The emission of [O II] is extremely strong in the Teacup AGN and the quasar [3C 48](/source/3C_48) shows a similar [O II]/Hβ ratio.[8]

Follow-up observations with the [Very Large Array](/source/Very_Large_Array) showed two 10-12 kpc bubbles, one "eastern bubble", consistent with the loop in [optical](/source/Visible-light_astronomy) observations and a "western bubble", only visible in [radio](/source/Radio_astronomy) wavelengths. The study also found a bright emission towards the north-east of the [AGN](/source/Active_galactic_nucleus), which is consistent with high-velocity ionized gas (-740 km/s). The bubbles are either created by small-scale [radio jets](/source/Astrophysical_jet) or by [quasar](/source/Quasar) winds.[7] Observations with [Chandra](/source/Chandra_X-ray_Observatory) revealed a loop in [x-ray](/source/X-ray) emission, consistent with the "eastern bubble". The Chandra data also show evidence for hotter gas within the bubble, which may imply that a wind of material is blowing away from the black hole. Such a wind, which was driven by radiation from the quasar, may have created the bubbles found in the Teacup.[11][1]

The bubbles were observed with [VLT/MUSE](/source/Multi-unit_spectroscopic_explorer), showing that the jet strongly perturbs the host [interstellar medium](/source/Interstellar_medium) (ISM). At the edge of the bubble the researchers find a ≤100-150 [Myr](/source/Million_years_ago) young population of stars, which indicates triggered [star formation](/source/Star_formation). This so-called [positive feedback](/source/Positive_feedback) is predicted.[12] Observations with [ALMA](/source/Atacama_Large_Millimeter_Array) found that the radio jet is compressing and accelerating molecular gas. This drives a lateral outflow, perpendicular to the radio jet. This is based on observations of [carbon monoxide](/source/Carbon_monoxide) (CO) gas.[13]

## See also

- [Extended emission-line region](/source/Extended_emission-line_region)

- [IC 2497](/source/IC_2497)

- [Hanny's Voorwerp](/source/Hanny's_Voorwerp)

- [Galaxy Zoo](/source/Galaxy_Zoo)

- [Zooniverse](/source/Zooniverse)

- [List of quasars](/source/List_of_quasars)

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Chandra_press_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Chandra_press_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Chandra_press_1-2) ["Chandra :: Photo Album :: SDSS J1430+1339 :: March 14, 2019"](https://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2019/teacup/). *chandra.harvard.edu*. Retrieved 2020-01-27.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-SIMBAD_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-SIMBAD_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-SIMBAD_2-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-SIMBAD_2-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-SIMBAD_2-4) ["Teacup AGN"](http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=Teacup+AGN). *[SIMBAD](/source/SIMBAD)*. [Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg](/source/Centre_de_donn%C3%A9es_astronomiques_de_Strasbourg). Retrieved 2020-01-27.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** ["Hubble view of green filament in Teacup galaxy"](https://www.spacetelescope.org/images/heic1507b/). *www.spacetelescope.org*. Retrieved 2020-01-27.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Martin_et_al._4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Martin_et_al._4-1) Martin, Montserrat Villar; Lavers, Antonio Cabrera; Humphrey, Andrew; Silva, Marckelson; Almeida, Cristina Ramos; Piqueras, Javier; Emonts, Bjorn (2018-02-21). ["A 100 kpc nebula associated with the "Teacup" fading quasar"](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstx2911). *Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society*. **474** (2): 2302–2312. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[1711.02529](https://arxiv.org/abs/1711.02529). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1093/mnras/stx2911](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstx2911). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0035-8711](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0035-8711).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Galaxy_Zoo_1_5-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Galaxy_Zoo_1_5-1) Keel, William C.; Chojnowski, S. Drew; Bennert, Vardha N.; Schawinski, Kevin; Lintott, Chris J.; Lynn, Stuart; Pancoast, Anna; Harris, Chelsea; Nierenberg, A. M.; Sonnenfeld, Alessandro; Proctor, Richard (2012-02-11). ["The Galaxy Zoo survey for giant AGN-ionized clouds: past and present black hole accretion events"](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2966.2011.20101.x). *Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society*. **420** (1): 878–900. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[1110.6921](https://arxiv.org/abs/1110.6921). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2012MNRAS.420..878K](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012MNRAS.420..878K). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.20101.x](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2966.2011.20101.x). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0035-8711](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0035-8711).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Galaxy_Zoo_2_6-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Galaxy_Zoo_2_6-1) Keel, William C.; Maksym, W. Peter; Bennert, Vardha N.; Lintott, Chris J.; Chojnowski, S. Drew; Moiseev, Alexei; Smirnova, Aleksandrina; Schawinski, Kevin; Urry, C. Megan; Evans, Daniel A.; Pancoast, Anna (2015-04-14). "HST Imaging of Fading AGN Candidates I: Host-Galaxy Properties and Origin of the Extended Gas". *The Astronomical Journal*. **149** (5): 155. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[1408.5159](https://arxiv.org/abs/1408.5159). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2015AJ....149..155K](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AJ....149..155K). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1088/0004-6256/149/5/155](https://doi.org/10.1088%2F0004-6256%2F149%2F5%2F155). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [1538-3881](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1538-3881). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [14855152](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:14855152).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Harrison_et_al._7-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Harrison_et_al._7-1) Harrison, C. M.; Thomson, A. P.; Alexander, D. M.; Bauer, F. E.; Edge, A. C.; Hogan, M. T.; Mullaney, J. R.; Swinbank, A. M. (2015-02-06). "Storm in a "Teacup": a radio-quiet quasar with ~10kpc radio-emitting bubbles and extreme gas kinematics". *The Astrophysical Journal*. **800** (1): 45. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[1410.4198](https://arxiv.org/abs/1410.4198). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1088/0004-637X/800/1/45](https://doi.org/10.1088%2F0004-637X%2F800%2F1%2F45). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [1538-4357](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1538-4357). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [119219986](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:119219986).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Gagne_et_al._8-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Gagne_et_al._8-1) Gagne, J. P.; Crenshaw, D. M.; Kraemer, S. B.; Schmitt, H. R.; Keel, W. C.; Rafter, S.; Fischer, T. C.; Bennert, V. N.; Schawinski, K. (2014-08-18). "Spatially-Resolved Spectra of the "Teacup" AGN: Tracing the History of a Dying Quasar". *The Astrophysical Journal*. **792** (1): 72. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[1407.1729](https://arxiv.org/abs/1407.1729). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1088/0004-637X/792/1/72](https://doi.org/10.1088%2F0004-637X%2F792%2F1%2F72). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [1538-4357](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1538-4357). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [34883241](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:34883241).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** Keel, William C.; Lintott, Chris J.; Maksym, W. Peter; Bennert, Vardha N.; Chojnowski, S. Drew; Moiseev, Alexei; Smirnova, Aleksandrina; Schawinski, Kevin; Sartori, Lia F.; Urry, C. Megan; Pancoast, Anna (2017-02-01). ["Fading AGN Candidates: AGN Histories and Outflow Signatures"](https://doi.org/10.3847%2F1538-4357%2F835%2F2%2F256). *The Astrophysical Journal*. **835** (2): 256. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[1612.06006](https://arxiv.org/abs/1612.06006). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2017ApJ...835..256K](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ApJ...835..256K). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.3847/1538-4357/835/2/256](https://doi.org/10.3847%2F1538-4357%2F835%2F2%2F256). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [1538-4357](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1538-4357). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [106396364](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:106396364).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** Almeida, Cristina Ramos; López, Javier Piqueras; Villar-Martín, Montserrat; Bessiere, Patricia S. (2017-09-01). ["An infrared view of AGN feedback in a type-2 quasar: the case of the Teacup galaxy"](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstx1287). *Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society*. **470** (1): 964–976. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[1705.07631](https://arxiv.org/abs/1705.07631). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1093/mnras/stx1287](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstx1287). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0035-8711](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0035-8711).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Lansbury_et_al._11-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Lansbury_et_al._11-1) Lansbury, G. B.; Jarvis, M. E.; Harrison, C. M.; Alexander, D. M.; Del Moro, A.; Edge, A. C.; Mullaney, J. R.; Thomson, A. (2018-03-19). ["Storm in a Teacup: X-ray view of an obscured quasar and superbubble"](https://doi.org/10.3847%2F2041-8213%2Faab357). *The Astrophysical Journal*. **856** (1): L1. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[1803.00009](https://arxiv.org/abs/1803.00009). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2018ApJ...856L...1L](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ApJ...856L...1L). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.3847/2041-8213/aab357](https://doi.org/10.3847%2F2041-8213%2Faab357). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [2041-8213](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2041-8213). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [55431218](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:55431218).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** Venturi, G.; Treister, E.; Finlez, C.; D'Ago, G.; Bauer, F.; Harrison, C. M.; Ramos Almeida, C.; Revalski, M.; Ricci, F.; Sartori, L. F.; Girdhar, A.; Keel, W. C.; Tubín, D. (October 2023). ["Complex AGN feedback in the Teacup galaxy. A powerful ionised galactic outflow, jet-ISM interaction, and evidence for AGN-triggered star formation in a giant bubble"](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023A&A...678A.127V/abstract). *Astronomy and Astrophysics*. **678**: A127. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[2309.02498](https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.02498). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2023A&A...678A.127V](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023A&A...678A.127V). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1051/0004-6361/202347375](https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202347375). [hdl](/source/Hdl_(identifier)):[11384/154265](https://hdl.handle.net/11384%2F154265). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0004-6361](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0004-6361).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** Audibert, A.; Ramos Almeida, C.; García-Burillo, S.; Combes, F.; Bischetti, M.; Meenakshi, M.; Mukherjee, D.; Bicknell, G.; Wagner, A. Y. (March 2023). ["Jet-induced molecular gas excitation and turbulence in the Teacup"](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023A&A...671L..12A/abstract). *Astronomy and Astrophysics*. **671**: L12. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[2302.13884](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.13884). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2023A&A...671L..12A](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023A&A...671L..12A). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1051/0004-6361/202345964](https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202345964). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0004-6361](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0004-6361).

## External links

- [Hubble spies the Teacup, and I spy Hubble](https://blog.galaxyzoo.org/2012/06/14/hubble-spies-the-teacup-and-i-spy-hubble/) blog post from the [Galaxy Zoo](/source/Galaxy_Zoo) website

- [Voorwerpjes in Space](https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap150404.html) NASA [Astronomy Picture of the Day](/source/Astronomy_Picture_of_the_Day)

- [VLA Finds Unexpected Storm at Galaxy's Core](https://public.nrao.edu/news/vla-finds-galaxy-storm/) press-release by [NRAO](/source/National_Radio_Astronomy_Observatory)

- [SDSS J1430+1339: Storm Rages in Cosmic Teacup](https://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2019/teacup/) photo album by the website of [Chandra](/source/Chandra_X-ray_Observatory)

v t e Constellation of Boötes Boötes in Chinese astronomy Boötes Void List of stars in Boötes Stars Bayer α (Arcturus) β (Nekkar) γ (Seginus) δ (Qigong) ε (Izar, Pulcherrima) ζ η (Muphrid) θ ι κ λ (Xuange) μ1 (Alkalurops) μ2 ν1 ν2 ξ ο π ρ (Kalasungsang) σ (Genghe) τ (Tepiamenit) υ φ χ ψ ω Flamsteed 1 2 3 6 (e) 7 9 10 11 12 (d) 13 14 15 18 20 22 (f) 24 (g) 26 31 32 33 34 (Alrumh) 38 (Merga) 39 40 44 (Quadrans) 45 (c) 46 (b) 47 (k) 50 Variable R S T RX ZZ AB BL BP BX BY CE CH CI CN CP CR CX CY (101 Vir) DE EK HN HP HD 118508 118889 122563 125040 125351 (A) 125658 126128 126129 126141 126200 126271 127304 127334 127726 128093 128198 129132 129357 130084 130603 130917 131040 131473 131496 (Arcalís) 132029 132406 132563 134064 134335 135438 135530 135944 141399 Other 2MASS J15031961+2525196 CFBDSIR 1458+10 Gliese 526 HAT-P-4 LHS 2924 PSR J1544+4937 SDSS J1416+1348 SDSS J1433+1011 TVLM 513-46546 WASP-14 WD 1425+540 ZTF J153932.16+502738.8 Exoplanets HAT-P-4b HD 128311 b c HD 132406 b HD 136418 b (Awasis) τ Boötis b TOI-1853 b WASP-14b Star clusters NGC 5466 Galaxies NGC 5008 5248 5251 5416 5490 5500 5504 5508 5514 5523 5529 5532 5533 5535 5539 5541 5544 5545 5548 5557 5559 5562 5579 5582 5591 5601 5603 5609 5613 5614 5615 5624 5629 5630 5641 5642 5653 5665 5676 5681 5682 5683 5698 5714 5722 5752 5753 5754 5755 5772 5778 5784 5790 5820 5821 5829 5837 5857 5875 5876 5886 5888 5896 5929 5930 5966 Numbered I II III Other 3C 295 3C 299 3C 300 3C 303 3C 315 4C 19.44 4C +26.42 7C 1354+2552 Abell 2009 BCG Arp 302 B2 1420+32 B2 1441+26 CEERS-2112 CEERS-93316 CEERS2-588 CLASS B1359+154 Cloverleaf quasar DDO 190 EGS-zs8-1 EGS-z11-R0 EGSY8p7 H1426+428 IC 4397 IC 4461 IC 4462 IC 4481 IC 4516 IRAS 13349+2438 IRAS 14394+5332 IRAS 15206+3342 LEDA 2108986 MACS 1423-z7p64 MACS J1447.4+0827 BCG Maisie's Galaxy Markarian 463 Markarian 471 Markarian 478 MS 1455.0+2232 BCG MS 1512-cB58 NVSS J141343+433945 OQ 172 OQ 530 PG 1411+442 PG 1543+489 PGC 93125 PGC 1470080 PKS 1345+125 PKS 1413+135 QSO B1422+202 RBS 1467 RGZ J145001.5+144747 RGZ J145039.8+441829 SBS 1415+437 SDSS J135646.10+102609.0 SDSS J1430+2303 Teacup galaxy UGC 8669 UGC 9128 UGC 9425 UGC 9684 UGC 9796 ULAS J1342+0928 VV 191 Galaxy clusters Abell 1795 Abell 1991 BoRG-58 IDCS J1426.5+3508 Astronomical events GRB 990123 GRB 080319B SCP 06F6 SN 2003fg SN 2005bc SN 2020tlf Category

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Teacup galaxy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teacup_galaxy) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teacup_galaxy?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.