# Tazia > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Tazia > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Tazia.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tazia > Source revision: 1351598189 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{Short description|Representation of a strine}} {{About|the South Asian and Caribbean temporary structures|the Iranian dramatic art form|Ta'ziyeh|other uses|Ta'ziya (disambiguation){{!}}Ta'ziya}} [[File:Tazia Jaipur.JPG|thumb|Procession of a tazia in [Jaipur](/source/Jaipur), [Rajasthan](/source/Rajasthan), India]] thumb|A procession of Shia Muslims carrying tazias on Ashura in the subcontinent (c. 1790–1800). The tazias were immersed into the river or ocean. [[File:Tazia inside the Hussaini Dalan Dhaka.jpg|thumb|A tazia inside the [Hussaini Dalan](/source/Hussaini_Dalan), [Dhaka](/source/Dhaka), Bangladesh]] A '''tazia''' ({{langx|ur|{{wikt-lang|ur|تعزیہ}}|ta'ziya}}; from [Arabic](/source/Arabic) {{lang|ar|تعزية}} {{transl|ar|taʿziya}} ‘condolence’), also called '''tabut''' or '''taboot''' ({{langx|ur|تابوت|tābūt}}; from [Arabic](/source/Arabic) {{lang|ar|تابوت}} {{transl|ar|tābūt}} ‘coffin’), is a temporary structure representing the shrine of [Husayn ibn Ali](/source/Husayn_ibn_Ali), which is carried in [Muharram](/source/Muharram) processions in [South Asia](/source/South_Asia), particularly on the [day of Ashura](/source/day_of_Ashura). Rather than being an exact replica, it is a creative representation of [his actual shrine at Karbala, Iraq](/source/Imam_Husayn_Shrine).{{sfn|Chelkowski|2005}} The practice was also brought to the [Caribbean](/source/Caribbean) through the [Indo-Caribbean diaspora](/source/Indo-Caribbean_diaspora). == Construction and procession == The artwork is a colorfully painted bamboo and paper mausoleum. It is then carried on a ritual procession. These tazia processions have traditionally walked through the streets of a town, with mourning, flagellation and wailing, ultimately to a local lake, river or ocean where the tazias would be immersed in the water. In some South Asian communities, a [Chup Tazia](/source/Chup_Tazia) ({{langx|ur|چُپ تعزیہ|lit=silent tazia}}) procession is also observed, in which participants maintain silence. == Geographical distribution == The tradition is observed by South Asian Shiites throughout present-day India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, as well as in countries with large historical South Asian diaspora communities established during the 19th century by [indentured labourers](/source/Indian_indenture_system) to British, Dutch and French colonies. Notable regions outside of South Asia where such processions are performed include: * [British Guiana](/source/British_Guiana) and [Dutch Surinam](/source/Surinam_(Dutch_colony)) ( now [Guyana](/source/Guyana) and [Suriname](/source/Suriname))Specifically, ''Trinidad Sentinel'' 6 August 1857. Also, Original Correspondence of the British Colonial Office in London (C.O. 884/4, Hamilton Report into the Carnival Riots, p.18) * [Fiji](/source/Fiji)[https://books.google.com/books?id=EYsCAAAAMAAJ&q=Taziya Peasants in the Pacific: a study of Fiji Indian rural society ''By Adrian C. Mayer''] * [Trinidad and Tobago](/source/Trinidad_and_Tobago)[https://books.google.com/books?id=-RVxpc1bWDwC&dq=Taziya&pg=PA23 Jihad in Trinidad and Tobago, July 27, 1990 ''By Daurius Figueira'']{{cite book | author=Korom, Frank J. | title= Hosay Trinidad: Muharram Performances in an Indo-Caribbean Diaspora | publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia | year=2003 |isbn=978-0-8122-3683-5}} *[Jamaica](/source/Jamaica)Shankar, Guha (2003) Imagining India(ns): Cultural Performances and Diaspora Politics in Jamaica. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Texas, Austin [http://www.lib.utexas.edu/etd/d/2003/shankarg036/shankarg036.pdf pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219044538/http://www.lib.utexas.edu/etd/d/2003/shankarg036/shankarg036.pdf |date=2008-12-19 }} In the [Caribbean](/source/Caribbean), the tazias are known as ''[tadjah](/source/tadjah)''s and were brought by [Shia Muslims](/source/Shia_Muslims) who arrived there as [indentured labourer](/source/indentured_labourer)s from the Indian subcontinent. Since 1790 in [Mauritius](/source/Mauritius) the practice is known as ''Ghoon Festival'' or ''Yamsé''.{{cite web |title=Truth and Justice Commission 2011 Report Volume 1 |url=https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/ROL/TJC_Vol1.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160615081832/http://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/ROL/TJC_Vol1.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 15, 2016 |website=Page 174 |publisher=Government of Mauritius |access-date=2021-07-02}}{{cite web |title=Yamse festival in Mauritius |url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/thorntree/forums/africa/mauritius/yamse-festival-in-mauritius |publisher=Lonely Planet |access-date=2021-07-02}} A group of believers celebrate the 10th day of Muharram and first month of the Islamic calendar in Plaine Verte within the capital city [Port Louis Mauritius](/source/Port_Louis_Mauritius).{{cite web |last1=Toorab |first1=Reshad |title=Célébration du Yamse : Moidine Lindor, le doyen, perpétue la tradition |url=https://defimedia.info/celebration-du-yamse-moidine-lindor-le-doyen-perpetue-la-tradition |publisher=Defimedia |access-date=2016-10-16}} [Tabuik](/source/Tabuik) made from bamboo, rattan and paper is a local manifestation of the [Remembrance of Muharram](/source/Remembrance_of_Muharram) among the [Minangkabau](/source/Minangkabau_people) people in the coastal regions of [West Sumatra](/source/West_Sumatra), [Indonesia](/source/Indonesia), particularly in the city of [Pariaman](/source/Pariaman) culminates with practice of throwing a ''tabuik'' into the sea has taken place every year in [Pariaman](/source/Pariaman) on the [10th of Muharram](/source/Day_of_Ashura) since 1831 when it was introduced to the region by [Shia Muslim](/source/Shia_Muslim) ''[sepoy](/source/sepoy)'' troops from [India](/source/India) who were stationed and later settled there during the [British Raj](/source/British_Raj).{{cite news | last = Bachyul Jb | first = Syofiardi | title = 'Tabuik' festival: From a religious event to tourism | newspaper = [The Jakarta Post](/source/The_Jakarta_Post) | date = 2006-03-01 | url = http://www.tmcnet.com/usubmit/2006/03/01/1422473.htm | access-date = 2007-01-27 }} == Intercommunal relations == During the colonial-era in British India, the tazia tradition was not only practiced by Shia Muslims and other Muslims but joined by Hindus.[https://books.google.com/books?id=fl53OdhuU7YC Beyond Hindu and Muslim: Multiple Identity in Narratives from Village India ''By Peter Gottschalk, Wendy Doniger''][https://books.google.com/books?id=_2E9AAAAIAAJ&q=Taziya Toleration through the ages ''By Kālīpada Mālākāra''] Along with occasions for Shia Muslims and Hindus to participate in the procession together, the tazia processions have also been historic occasions for communal conflicts between Sunni and Shia Muslims and between Hindu and Muslim communities since the 18th century, most notably the [Muharram Rebellion](/source/Muharram_Rebellion) which took place in [Sylhet](/source/Sylhet) and was the first ever anti-British rebellion in the [Indian subcontinent](/source/Indian_subcontinent).{{cite book|author=Reza Masoudi Nejad | editor= Peter van der Veer|title=Handbook of Religion and the Asian City: Aspiration and Urbanization in the Twenty-First Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_gtaCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA95 |year=2015|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-96108-1|pages=89–105}}{{cite book|author=Shabnum Tejani|title=Indian Secularism: A Social and Intellectual History, 1890-1950|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6xtrPKa59j4C&pg=PA58|year =2008|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn= 978-0-253-22044-8|pages=58–61}} Also in the [Sylhet region](/source/Sylhet_region), a riot took place between the Muslim and [Hindu](/source/Bengali_Hindus) communities, even though Sylhet's Faujdar [Ganar Khan](/source/Ganar_Khan) tried to prevent it from forming, due to tazia procession coinciding with a Hindu chariot procession. ==Gallery== File:Shi'a Muslims Mourning Before Ta'ziya (CBL In 69.18).jpg|A depiction of South Asian Shia Muslims mourning before a tazia{{Cite web|title=Shi'a Muslims Mourning Before a Ta'ziya|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/shi-a-muslims-mourning-before-a-ta-ziya/OQEL4UbIWDjV6Q|access-date=2021-11-30|website=Google Arts & Culture|language=en}} File:1878 Shia Muslim Muharram Tazia Taboot in water immersion Bombay by Emile Bayard.jpg|1878 painting of a tazia’s immersion in the [Bay of Bengal](/source/Bay_of_Bengal) by Shia Muslims (Emile Bayard) Muharram (Ta'ziya) procession Barabanki India (Jan 2009).jpg|A procession of tazias in [Barabanki](/source/Barabanki), India File:Tazia Of Jaipur.JPG|Procession of a tazia in Jaipur, India File:The Procession of ‘Tazia’ on the occasion of Muharram, in New Delhi on January 08, 2009.jpg|Procession of tazias in [New Delhi](/source/New_Delhi), India File:The Procession of ‘Tazia’ on the occasion of Muharram, in Delhi on December 17, 2010.jpg|Procession of a tazia in New Delhi, India File:Tabuik festival.jpg|Tabuiks being lowered into the sea in [Pariaman](/source/Pariaman), Indonesia ==See also== * [Chup Tazia](/source/Chup_Tazia) * [Hosay](/source/Hosay) * [Muharram Rebellion](/source/Muharram_Rebellion) * [Hussaini Dalan](/source/Hussaini_Dalan) ==References== {{reflist}} ==Sources== * {{cite journal|last=Chelkowski|first=Peter J|authorlink=Peter J. Chelkowski|year=2005|title=From the Sun-Scorched Desert of Iran to the Beaches of Trinidad: Taʿziyeh’s Journey from Asia to the Caribbean|journal=TDR|volume=49|issue=4|jstor=4488691}} ==External links== {{commons category|Tazias}} * [http://www.almuntazar.com/?p=145 The Legality of making figurine effigy (Taziyah) of the shrine] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121126071534/http://www.almuntazar.com/?p=145 |date=2012-11-26 }} * [http://www.almuntazar.com/?p=145 https://www.era.lib.ed.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/1842/7362/381673.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121126071534/http://www.almuntazar.com/?p=145 |date=2012-11-26 }} Category:Shia Islam in Bangladesh Category:Shia Islam in India Category:Shia Islam in Pakistan Category:Islam in the Caribbean --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Tazia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tazia) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tazia?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.