# Target (project)
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{{Short description|Research project in the Netherlands}}
{{Infobox project
| name = Target
| logo =
| website ={{url|rug.nl/target}}
| location = University of Groningen, Netherlands
| date_of_establishment = January 2009
| funding = Funded by the [European Fund for Regional Development](/source/European_Fund_for_Regional_Development) & partners
| founder =
}}
'''Target''' is the name of a collaborative research project specialising in [big data](/source/big_data) processing and management in northern Netherlands.[{{cite news |date= 2 September 2010 |title= Nederlands project kan 1,5 petabytes verwerken en opslaan|trans-title= Netherlands Project can process and save 1.5 petabytes|url= http://www.nu.nl/internet/2369577/nederlands-project-kan-15-petabytes-verwerken-en-opslaan.html |language= dutch |newspaper=nu.nl}}] It is a public-private cooperation, initiated in 2009 and supported by government subsidies.[{{cite news|last1=Edelman|first1=Pieter|title=Miljoenensubsidie voor Noord-Nederlands dataminingprogramma|trans-title= Millions in subsidy for North Netherlands datamining program |url=https://www.bits-chips.nl/artikel/miljoenensubsidie-voor-noord-nederlands-dataminingprogramma.html|publisher=Bits & Chips|date=June 2, 2009}}] It is run by a consortium of ten academic and computer industry partners, coordinated by the [University of Groningen](/source/University_of_Groningen), and researches [data management](/source/data_management) of science projects in the areas of [astronomy](/source/astronomy), [life sciences](/source/life_sciences), [artificial intelligence](/source/artificial_intelligence) and [medical diagnosis](/source/medical_diagnosis).
Cooperating in the Target project are various divisions of the University of Groningen, its [medical center](/source/University_Medical_Center_Groningen), [IBM](/source/IBM), [Oracle](/source/Oracle_Corporation), [ASTRON](/source/ASTRON) and Dutch IT firms Elkoog/[Heeii](/source/Heeii) and Nspyre.
Target's computer center is hosted by the Center for Information Technology, the computing center of the University of Groningen, and consist of more than 10 [petabytes](/source/petabytes) of storage[{{cite news |date= 19 November 2010 |first1= Kepinski |last1= Witold|title= Gronings ICT-project klaar voor petabytes data |trans-title= Groningen ICT project ready for petabytes of data|url= https://www.computable.nl/artikel/nieuws/storage/3662702/1277017/gronings-ictproject-klaar-voor-petabytes-data.html |language= dutch |newspaper=Computable}}][{{cite news |date= 27 May 2011 |first1= Zander |last1= Huisman|title= Aprycus breidt capaciteit Target-project uit |trans-title= Aprycus increases the capacity of the Target project|url= https://www.computable.nl/artikel/nieuws/storage/3966290/1277017/aprycus-breidt-capaciteit-targetproject-uit.html |language= dutch |newspaper=Computable}}] based on IBM's [GPFS](/source/GPFS) storage technology,[{{cite web|last1=IBM Case Studies|first1=Showcasing IBM client stories|title=University of Groningen breaks new ground in scientific research|url=http://www-03.ibm.com/software/businesscasestudies/us/en/corp?synkey=M870713N34741R68|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112134039/http://www-03.ibm.com/software/businesscasestudies/us/en/corp?synkey=M870713N34741R68|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 12, 2014|website=www-03.ibm.com/software/businesscasestudies/us/en/corp?OpenDocument&Site=corp&cty=en_us}}] a [high-performance computing](/source/high-performance_computing) cluster and a [grid cluster](/source/grid_computing), which is a part of the [European Grid Infrastructure](/source/European_Grid_Infrastructure).
thumb|right|The Target data center is hosted by the Donald Smits Center for Information Technology, located at the University of Groningen.
== History ==
The project was initiated to transfer expertise of astronomers in massive data processing to other areas of science. Target builds on a [distributed computing environment](/source/Distributed_Computing_Environment) called Astro-WISE.[{{cite journal |last=Begeman |first=Kor |author2=A.N.Belikov |author3=D.R. Boxhoorn |author4=E.A.Valentijn |title=The Astro-WISE data centric information system |journal=Experimental Astronomy |date=January 2013 |volume=35 |issue=1–2 |pages=1 |doi=10.1007/s10686-012-9311-4|arxiv=1208.0447 |bibcode=2013ExA....35....1B |s2cid=118620001 }}][{{cite thesis |last=Mwebaze |first=Johnson |title=Extreme Data Lineage in Ad-hoc Astronomical Data Processing |year=2012|type=PhD |location=University of Groningen |isbn=9789036757591 |url=http://dissertations.ub.rug.nl/faculties/science/2012/j.b.mwebaze/?pLanguage=en&pFullItemRecord=ON}}] Astro-WISE itself originated as an initiative of the OPTICON Wide Field Imaging Working Group, which was set up to consider a standardised European survey system to facilitate research, [data reduction](/source/data_reduction) and [data mining](/source/data_mining) using data from the new generation of wide field survey cameras.[{{cite book |last=Gilmore |first=Gerald |title=Organizations and Strategies in Astronomy II |chapter=OPTICON: EC Optical Infrared Coordination Network for Astronomy |date=January 2001 |volume=266 |pages=83–102 |doi=10.1007/978-94-010-0666-8_6|arxiv=astro-ph/0105562 |series=Astrophysics and Space Science Library |bibcode=2001ASSL..266...83G |isbn=978-0-7923-7172-4 |s2cid=34032027|editor-first=André|editor-last=Heck |publisher=Springer|location=Dordrecht}}] The Target project launched in 2009 after receiving 32 million euros[{{cite news |date= 20 July 2009 |first1= Peter |last1= Edelman|title= Miljoenensubsidie voor Noord Nederland Dataminingprogram |trans-title= Millioans of subsidy for North Netherlands Datamining Programme|url= http://www.rug.nl/science-and-society/target/news-and-events/news/news_external/bitsnchips_june2009.jpg |language= dutch |newspaper=Bits and Chips |page=45}}] of funding for a period of five years from the [European Fund for Regional Development](/source/European_Fund_for_Regional_Development), the [Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs](/source/Ministry_of_Economic_Affairs_(Netherlands)) ("Pieken in de Delta" project), and the provinces of [Groningen](/source/Groningen_(province)) and [Drenthe](/source/Drenthe). The project runs under the auspices of the Northern Netherlands Provinces Alliance (SNN) and the Groningen municipality.
== Technological findings ==
At the start of the project, one aim was to develop a single integrated processing system, consisting of a multi-petabyte scale [file system](/source/file_system)[{{citation | last1=Jain | first1=R | last2=Sarkar | first2=P. | last3=Subhraveti | first3=D. | title=GPFS-SNC: An enterprise cluster file system for Big Data | journal=IBM Journal of Research and Development | volume=57 | issue=3/4 | pages=5:1,5:10 | year=2013 | doi=10.1147/JRD.2013.2243531 }}] and several different types of grid and [compute clusters](/source/Computer_cluster).[{{citation |first1=Kor |last1=Begeman |author2=Begeman, K. G. |author3=Belikov, A. N. |author4=Boxhoorn, D. R. |author5=Dijkstra, F. |author6=Valentijn, E. A. |author7=Vriend, W. J. |author8=Zhao, Z. |year=2010 |title=Merging grid technologies |journal=Journal of Grid Computing |volume=8 | issue = 2 |pages=199–221 |doi=10.1007/s10723-010-9147-y|doi-access=free |hdl=11370/1435c5da-4840-4bae-bd7c-87ab53e86d3f |hdl-access=free }}] During the first few years, it became apparent that different [e-Science](/source/e-Science) disciplines have different data processing requirements. In some areas, a massive [data streaming](/source/Data_stream) effort takes place, as in [Lofar](/source/Lofar). In astronomy, the number of data objects may run in the billions, with a limited number of data [columns](/source/Column_(database)).[{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1051/0004-6361/201423636| title = Overview and stellar statistics of the expected ''Gaia'' ''Catalogue'' using the ''Gaia'' ''Object'' Generator| journal = Astronomy & Astrophysics| volume = 566| pages = A119| year = 2014| last1 = Luri | first1 = X.| last2 = Palmer | first2 = M.| last3 = Arenou | first3 = F.| last4 = Masana | first4 = E.| last5 = De Bruijne | first5 = J.| last6 = Antiche | first6 = E.| last7 = Babusiaux | first7 = C.| last8 = Borrachero | first8 = R.| last9 = Sartoretti | first9 = P.| last10 = Julbe | first10 = F.| last11 = Isasi | first11 = Y.| last12 = Martinez | first12 = O.| last13 = Robin | first13 = A. C.| last14 = Reylé | first14 = C.| last15 = Jordi | first15 = C.| last16 = Carrasco | first16 = J. M. | bibcode=2014A&A...566A.119L| arxiv = 1404.5861| s2cid = 119233012}}] In [genomics](/source/genomics), only a small number of rows are needed, but the number of columns can range in the hundreds of thousands. Other areas, such as visual text retrieval in the Monk [search engine](/source/search_engine) for historical manuscripts, are at an intermediate position, with hundreds of millions of rows and thousands of dimensions. Furthermore, genomics applications often require stringent [access control](/source/access_control),[{{Cite journal | last1 = Malin | first1 = B. | last2 = Loukides | first2 = G. | last3 = Benitez | first3 = K. | last4 = Clayton | first4 = E. W. | title = Identifiability in biobanks: Models, measures, and mitigation strategies | doi = 10.1007/s00439-011-1042-5 | journal = Human Genetics | volume = 130 | issue = 3 | pages = 383–392 | year = 2011 | pmid = 21739176| pmc = 3621020 }}] whereas other disciplines do not need to prioritize privacy. Consequently, the various sub-projects within Target adopted a pragmatic approach on which aspects of the WISE technology and components of the Target hardware infrastructure were applicable to their specific field.
== Projects ==
Target participates in a number of data-intensive scientific projects in astronomy, [Big Data](/source/Big_Data) visualization (collaboration with the eScience center in Amsterdam),[{{cite web|title=eScience Center Projects|url=http://www.esciencecenter.nl/project/e-visualization-of-big-data|website=esciencecenter.nl}}] [handwritten text recognition](/source/handwritten_text_recognition) algorithms, medical research on healthy aging, development of diagnostic tools for [Parkinson's disease](/source/Parkinson's_disease), and more.
=== LOFAR Long-term Archive ===
[[File:LOFAR Superterp.jpg|thumb|right|Target has developed and maintains the [LOFAR](/source/Low-Frequency_Array_(LOFAR)) Long-term Archive.]]
Much of the data from the [LOFAR](/source/Low-Frequency_Array_(LOFAR)) telescope is stored, accessed from, and archived on the LOFAR Long-Term archive, designed by ASTRON and Target.[{{cite journal|last1=Belikov|first1=A.N|last2=Begeman|first2=K. |first3=D.R. |last3=Boxhoorn |first4=F. |last4=Dijkstra |first5=H. |last5=Holties |first6=Z. |last6=Meyer-Zhao |first7=G.A. |last7=Renting |first8=E.A. |last8=Valentijn |first9=W-J. |last9=Vriend|title=LOFAR information system|journal=Proc. Of ADASS XXI, ASP Conf. Series|year=2011|volume=461 |page=693 |arxiv=1111.6443|bibcode=2012ASPC..461..693B}}][{{cite journal|last1=Begeman|first1=K.|last2=Boxhoorn |first2=D. |last3=Dijkstra |first3=F. |last4=Holties |first4=H.A. |last5=Vriend |first5=W.-J|title=Target for LOFAR Long Term Archive: Architecture and Implementation|journal=Future Generation Computer Systems|year=2011|volume=27 | issue = 3 |pages=319–328|doi=10.1016/j.future.2010.08.010}}][{{cite journal|last1=Holties|first1=H.A|last2=van Diepen|first2=G.|title=Data Analysis in the LOFAR Long Term Archive|journal=ASP Conference Series|year=2012|volume=461, Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems XXI|page=536|bibcode=2012ASPC..461..635H|url=https://www.aspbooks.org/a/volumes/article_details/?paper_id=34748|display-authors=etal}}] The data will be hosted at the Target data center and several other European centers.
=== Monk ===
thumb|A screenshot of a page from the Archive of the Cabinet of the Dutch Queen (KdK) on which the word Groningen has been found by Monk.
Monk is a system that was developed by Schomaker and his group at the Artificial Intelligence Institute (ALICE) at the [University of Groningen](/source/University_of_Groningen). It uses pattern-recognition and [machine-learning](/source/Machine_learning) algorithms for handwritten text recognition in a variety of existing archives.[{{cite journal|last=van der Zant|first=T |author2=Schomaker, L.R.B. |author3=Zinger, S. |author4=van Schie, H. |title=Where are the Search Engines for Handwritten Documents?|journal=Interdisciplinary Science Reviews|year=2009|volume=34|issue=2–3|pages=224–235|doi=10.1179/174327909X441126|bibcode=2009ISRv...34..224V |s2cid=57037481 }}][{{cite book|last=van der Zant|first=T |author2=Schomaker, L.R.B. |author3=Valentijn, E. |author4=B.A. Yanikoglu |author5=K. Berkner |title=Document Recognition and Retrieval XV |chapter=Large scale parallel document image processing |date=January 28, 2008|page=68150N|doi=10.1117/12.765482|editor1-last=Yanikoglu|editor1-first=Berrin A|editor2-last=Berkner|editor2-first=Kathrin|volume=6815|bibcode=2008SPIE.6815E..0SV |s2cid=40083465 }}][{{cite book|last=Schomaker|first=L.R.B. |author2=B.A. Yanikoglu |author3=K. Berkner |title=Document Recognition and Retrieval XV |chapter=Word mining in a sparsely labeled handwritten collection |editor-first1=Berrin A. |editor-first2=Kathrin |editor-last1=Yanikoglu |editor-last2=Berkner |date=January 28, 2008|volume=6815 |pages=6815–6823|doi=10.1117/12.766329 |bibcode=2008SPIE.6815E..0NS |s2cid=15863576 }}{{cite journal|last=van der Zant|first=T|author2=Schomaker, L.R.B. |author3=Haak, K. |title=Handwritten-word spotting using biologically inspired features|journal=IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence|volume=30 | issue = 11 |pages=1945–1957 |doi=10.1109/tpami.2008.144|pmid=18787243|year=2008|bibcode=2008ITPAM..30.1945V|s2cid=18702898}}] Currently a number of books from the [Dutch National Archives](/source/Nationaal_Archief), as well as more than 70 international historical collections, with text ranging from Western, medieval to handwritten Chinese manuscripts have been ingested into Monk. The systems applies continuous ('24/7') machine learning over internet, yielding fundamental results.{{vague|date=November 2014}}[{{cite journal|last=van Oosten|first=J.-P.|author2=Schomaker, L.R.B.|title=Separability versus Prototypicality in Handwritten Word-Image Retrieval|journal=Pattern Recognition|volume=47 | issue = 3 |pages=1031–1038|doi=10.1016/j.patcog.2013.09.006|year=2014|bibcode=2014PatRe..47.1031V |url=https://pure.rug.nl/ws/files/13812524/Separability_versus_Prototypicality_in_Handwritten_Word_image_Retrieval_postprint.pdf|hdl=11370/ca3dd93d-fbd9-4ae3-bfac-90bb148ea1dd|s2cid=215715932 }}] The MONK system employs the computational and storage resource of Target. It recently became part of a collaboration, led by Prof. Popovic from the Department of Theology and Religious Studies at the University of Groningen, which will use a combination of carbon dating, paleography, and text/image recognition techniques to try and pinpoint the authors of the [Dead Sea Scrolls](/source/Dead_Sea_Scrolls) manuscripts.[{{cite web|last1=RUG News|title=Prestigious ERC Starting Grant for Mladen Popović|url=https://www.rug.nl/news/2014/12/erc-starting-grant-for-mladen-popovic|website=Rijksuniversiteit Groningen |date=11 December 2014 |access-date=19 January 2015}}]{{Update inline|date=April 2025|reason=The source is from 10 years ago. Have there been any updates since then?}}
=== LifeLines ===
LifeLines is a long-term medical research project run by the [University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG)](/source/University_Medical_Center_Groningen). An array of [genotype](/source/genotype) and [phenotype](/source/phenotype) data will be gathered from 165000 people once every five years for a total period of thirty years, and the accumulated data will be used by researchers and medical specialists to gain insights into the processes related to [aging](/source/Ageing) in an attempt to understand why age-related health degradation varies so widely from person to person.[{{cite journal|last=Stolk|first=Ronald P|author2=Rosmalen JG |author3=Postma DS |author4=de Boer RA |author5=Navis G |author6=Slaets JP |author7=Ormel J |author8=Wolffenbuttel BH |title=Universal risk factors for multifactorial diseases: LifeLines: a three-generation population-based study|journal=European Journal of Epidemiology|date=January 2008|volume=23|issue=1|pages=67–74|doi=10.1007/s10654-007-9204-4|pmid=18075776|doi-access=free|hdl=11370/861afec3-840f-4004-9876-aced93fed11d|hdl-access=free}}] Target provides LifeLines with the infrastructure for data storage, access, and processing. Data from LifeLines, as well as the [SURFsara](/source/SURFsara) and Target infrastructure were used in the Genome of the Netherlands project, run by a consortium of the [UMCG](/source/University_Medical_Center_Groningen), [LUMC](/source/Leiden_University_Medical_Center), Erasmus MC, [UMCU](/source/University_Medical_Center_Utrecht), and [Free University of Amsterdam](/source/Free_University_of_Amsterdam). Results from the project, using whole-genome sequencing to deduce population structure and demographic history of the Dutch population, were published in the [Nature Genetics](/source/Nature_Genetics) journal.[{{cite journal|last1=Francioli|first1=Laurent|last2=Menelaou|first2=Androniki|title=Whole-genome sequence variation, population structure and demographic history of the Dutch population|journal=Nature Genetics|date=29 June 2014|volume=46|issue=8|pages=818–825|doi=10.1038/ng.3021|display-authors=etal|pmid=24974849|s2cid=14316238|url=https://ir.cwi.nl/pub/23963}}][{{cite news|last1=van Wijngaarden|first1=Arend|title=Genoom Nederlandse volk ontrafeld|publisher=Dagblad van het Noorden|date=June 30, 2014|url=http://www.dvhn.nl/nieuws/plus/genoom-nederlandse-volk-ontrafeld-11385693.html}}]
=== GLIMPS ===
Run by K. Leenders, a professor of neurology at the [UMCG](/source/University_Medical_Center_Groningen), GLIMPS is a research project set to find faster and more reliable diagnostic tools for [Parkinson's disease](/source/Parkinson's_disease).[{{cite thesis|last=Teune|first=Laura Klaaske|title=Glucose metabolic patterns in neurodegenerative brain diseases|year=2013|publisher=PhD Dissertation|url=http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/357137663|type=Thesis fully internal (DIV) }}] GLIMPS explores the possibilities of using complex image-based algorithms and [PET scans](/source/Positron_emission_tomography) for early detection of Parkinson's.{{Citation needed|date=December 2019|reason=removed citation to predatory publisher content}} To test the effectiveness of such algorithms, GLIMPS is building{{Update inline|date=April 2025|reason=Is it still being built?}} a large database of PET scans from several hospitals in the Netherlands. Target is responsible for building and maintaining the GLIMPS database as well as ensuring the smooth running of the image-based algorithms on its computing facilities.
=== Others ===
Additionally, Target is involved in the data management for other astronomical projects, such as the KiDs/VIKING astronomical survey[{{cite journal|last=Jong|first=J.T. |author2=J.T. de Jong |author3=G.A.V. Kleijn |author4=K.H. Kuijken |author5=E.A. Valentijn |title=The kilo-degree survey|journal=Experimental Astronomy|year=2013|volume=35|issue=1–2|pages=25–44|doi=10.1007/s10686-012-9306-1|arxiv=1206.1254|bibcode=2013ExA....35...25D|s2cid=3082399 }}][{{cite web|last1=[Netherlands Research School for Astronomy](/source/Netherlands_Research_School_for_Astronomy) (NOVA)|title=NOVA Annual Report 2011-2011-2012|url=http://www.nova-astronomy.nl/NOVA_Report_2010-2012.pdf|website=nova-astronomy |publisher=NOVA}}] using OmegaCAM,[{{cite news |date= 8 June 2011 |first1= Govert |last1= Schilling|title= Direct succes met supercamera |trans-title= Immediate success with super camera|url= http://www.volkskrant.nl/dossier-archief/direct-succes-met-supercamera~a2442859/ |language= dutch |newspaper=De Volkskrant}}][{{cite news |date= 9 June 2011 |title= Superscherpe hemelfotos vanaf Chileense berg |trans-title= Super sharp photos of the heavens from Chilean mountain|url= https://www.nrc.nl/handelsblad/van/2011/juni/09/superscherpe-hemelfotos-vanaf-chileense-berg-12019862 |language= dutch |newspaper=NRC Handelsblad}}] the [ESO's](/source/European_Southern_Observatory) MUSE[{{cite book|last=Weilbacher|first=Peter|author2=Peter M. Weilbacher |author3=Ole Streicher |author4=Tanya Urrutia |author5=Aurélien Jarno |author6=Arlette Pécontal-Rousset |author7=Roland Bacon |author8=Petra Böhm |title=Software and Cyberinfrastructure for Astronomy II |chapter=Design and capabilities of the MUSE data reduction software and pipeline |editor2-first=Gianluca|editor2-last=Chiozzi|editor1-first=Nicole M|editor1-last=Radziwill|volume=8451|pages=84510B|date=September 2012|doi=10.1117/12.925114|bibcode=2012SPIE.8451E..0BW|s2cid=120263291}}] instrument (mounted on the [Very Large Telescope](/source/Very_Large_Telescope)), and [MICADO](/source/MICADO) (to be mounted on the [E-ELT](/source/European_Extremely_Large_Telescope)). In addition, the data-centric approach to data management prompted by Target has been adopted by the [ESA's](/source/European_Space_Agency) [Euclid mission](/source/Euclid_(spacecraft)).[{{cite book|last=Pasian|first=Fabio|author2=Fabio Pasian |author3=John Hoar |author4=Marc Sauvage |author5=Christophe Dabin |author6=Maurice Poncet |author7=Oriana Mansutti |title=Software and Cyberinfrastructure for Astronomy II |chapter=Science ground segment for the ESA Euclid Mission |editor2-first=Gianluca|editor2-last=Chiozzi|editor1-first=Nicole M|editor1-last=Radziwill |volume=8451|pages=845104|date=September 2012|doi=10.1117/12.926026 |bibcode=2012SPIE.8451E..04P|s2cid=123008296}}] The project's spin-off company Target Holding B.V. also manages a number of commercial projects with private businesses in the North of the Netherlands.[{{cite news |date= 31 January 2013 |first1= Zander |last1= Huisman|title= Target-project levert vier nieuwe bedrijven op |trans-title= Target project delivers four new companies|url= https://www.computable.nl/artikel/nieuws/infrastructuur/4656502/2379248/targetproject-levert-vier-nieuwe-bedrijven-op.html |language= dutch |newspaper=Computable}}]
Public outreach and education is also part of the project remit and Target has organised many public events.[{{cite news |date= 12 May 2014 |first1= Maike |last1= Wind|page=2|title= Rapportage Big Data: De man met één been en vijf kinderen |trans-title= Big Data Report: The man with one leg and five children|url=https://www.dekrantvantoen.nl/article-history.do?id=DVHN-20140512-GO01002006 |language= dutch |newspaper=Dagblad van het Noorden}}] The Infoversum 3D theatre is a spin-off of the Target project and provides a facility for the [visualisation](/source/Data_and_information_visualization) and explanation of scientific data for large groups.[{{cite news |last1=Wind |first1=Maike |date=19 June 2014 |title=Theater Infoversum open voor publiek |trans-title=Infoversum Theatre Opens to the public |url=https://www.dekrantvantoen.nl/article-history.do?id=GBS-20140619-01019003 |newspaper=Groninger Gezinsbode |page=19 |language=dutch}}][{{cite news |date=4 July 2014 |title=Infoversum |url=https://www.telegraaf.nl/reiskrant/eropuit/22812847/__Infoversum__.html |newspaper=De Telegraaf |language=dutch}}]
== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
Category:Research and development in Europe
Category:University of Groningen
Category:2009 establishments in the Netherlands
Category:Projects established in 2009
Category:Research projects
Category:Computer science research organizations
Category:Big data
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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Target (project)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Target_(project)) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Target_(project)?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.