# Tamatea Arikinui

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Māori chieftain

**Tamatea Arikinui** or **Tamatea Mai-Tawhiti** was a [Māori](/source/M%C4%81ori_people) *[ariki](/source/Ariki)* (chieftain), who captained the *[Tākitimu](/source/T%C4%81kitimu)* canoe on its journey from [Hawaiki](/source/Hawaiki) to New Zealand, where he settled at [Tauranga](/source/Tauranga) and became the ancestor of the [Ngāti Kahungunu](/source/Ng%C4%81ti_Kahungunu) *[iwi](/source/Iwi)*. J. H. Mitchell places Tamatea in the mid-fourteenth century.[1] In Ngāti Kahungunu tradition, he is distinguished from his grandson [Tamatea Urehaea](/source/Tamatea_Urehaea) who undertook extensive explorations of New Zealand. Northland and Tauranga traditions say that they were the same person.[2]

## Life

Tamatea was born and raised in Hawaiki, the legendary homeland of the Māori before they came to New Zealand. J. H. Mitchell's history of Ngāti Kahungunu provides no information on his ancestry or early life. In Hawaiki, Tamatea became an Arikinui ("great chieftain"), who led the tribes of Ngāti Hukumoana, Ngāti Hakuturi, and Ngāti Tutakahinahina, which lived in the villages of Whāngārā, Pakarae, and Rehuroa.[3]

### Journey to New Zealand

110km
68miles

**3**

**2**

**1**

Tamatea's journey, according to J. H. Mitchell.

1
 [Awanui](/source/Awanui)

2
 [North Cape](/source/North_Cape_(New_Zealand))

3
 Te Manga-Tawa, [Tauranga](/source/Tauranga)

When the explorer [Hoaki](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hoaki&action=edit&redlink=1) returned to Hawaiki with the news that New Zealand was sparsely populated,[4] Tamatea was inspired to build a canoe, the *Tākitimu*, and lead a migration to New Zealand.[3] It was first roughly shaped at Titirangi hill and then taken to Tamatea's house at Whāngārā, where the carving was completed in an extremely sacred enclosure which was off limits to women and commoners.[3] Tamatea and the [tohunga](/source/Tohunga) Ruawharo consecrated the *Tākitimu* by singing a *karakia* which J. H. Mitchell records and pouring a calabash of water over the bow. Then they launched the canoe into the Pikopiki-i-whiti [lagoon](/source/Lagoon).[5] After this, it was taken in the night to Te-whetu-Matarau and the tohunga Ruawharo cast various protective spells for the boat, one of which J. H. Mitchell records.[6]

The *Tākitimu* was too sacred for women, commoners, children, or cooked food to be allowed onto it.[7] Tamatea Arikinui took up the role of captain, sitting at the stern and holding the ceremonial paddles Rapanga-i-te-atinuku and Rapanga-i-te-ati-rangi.[7] The ship travelled to [Rarotonga](/source/Rarotonga) and from there made the journey from Rarotonga to New Zealand in only eleven days. A shortage of food forced the crew to pray to [Tangaroa](/source/Tangaroa) and [Tāne](/source/T%C4%81ne), who provided them with raw fish and birds to eat.[8]

The *Tākitimu* arrived at [Awanui](/source/Awanui) at the base of the [Aupōuri Peninsula](/source/Aup%C5%8Duri_Peninsula) in [Northland](/source/Northland_Peninsula). Some members of the crew settled in this location, but Tamatea led most of the crew continued around [North Cape](/source/North_Cape_(New_Zealand)), and along the east coast of the [North Island](/source/North_Island) until they reached [Tauranga](/source/Tauranga). Here Tamatea left the *Tākitimu*, entrusting the command to Tahu, whom he instructed to find a source of *[pounamu](/source/Pounamu)* or greenstone (nephrite jade).[9]

A [wharawhara](/source/Astelia_banksii) plant.

Tamatea settled at Kawhai-nui, now Tauranga. Here he planted a sacred flax plant called Wharawhara-nui, built a *[pa](/source/Pa_(fortification))* called Te Manga-Tawa, and married a local lady. The local people gave him the name Tamatea mai-tawhiti ("Tamatea from a distance") and honoured him. J. H. Mitchell thinks that he found himself "aimless" and without opportunities for further deeds. He died shortly after the birth of his son.[9]

## Family

Tamatea married Toto, a descendant of [Toi-te-huatahi](/source/Toi-te-huatahi).[10] They had a son, [Rongokako](/source/Rongokako), father of [Tamatea Urehaea](/source/Tamatea_Urehaea), father of [Kahungunu](/source/Kahungunu), the eponymous ancestor of Ngāti Kahungunu,[9] and a daughter, Rongorongo, who married [Turi](/source/Turi_(M%C4%81ori_ancestor)), captain of the *[Aotea](/source/Aotea_(canoe))*.[11]

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMitchell201424_1-0)** [Mitchell 2014](#CITEREFMitchell2014), p. 24.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaonui20056_2-0)** [Taonui 2005](#CITEREFTaonui2005), p. 6.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMitchell201431_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMitchell201431_3-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMitchell201431_3-2) [Mitchell 2014](#CITEREFMitchell2014), p. 31.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMitchell201427–29_4-0)** [Mitchell 2014](#CITEREFMitchell2014), pp. 27–29.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMitchell201432_5-0)** [Mitchell 2014](#CITEREFMitchell2014), p. 32.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMitchell201432–33_6-0)** [Mitchell 2014](#CITEREFMitchell2014), pp. 32–33.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMitchell201430_7-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMitchell201430_7-1) [Mitchell 2014](#CITEREFMitchell2014), p. 30.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMitchell201440_8-0)** [Mitchell 2014](#CITEREFMitchell2014), p. 40.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMitchell201441–42_9-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMitchell201441–42_9-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMitchell201441–42_9-2) [Mitchell 2014](#CITEREFMitchell2014), pp. 41–42.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** J. H. Mitchell gives the line of descent as Toi - Rauru - Whatonga - Tahatiti - Rakeiora - Tamaki-te-hau - Tamaki-te-ra - Tamaki-te-matangi - Tama-kireireia-mai-Hawaiki - Te-Kahu-arero - Pito - Rere - Tangi - Maika - Toto; Steedman gives the much shorter line: Toi - Rauru - Whatonga - Tahatiti - Tato - Rere - Maika - Toto.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESteedman198418-19_11-0)** [Steedman 1984](#CITEREFSteedman1984), p. 18-19.

## Bibliography

- Mitchell, J. H. (2014). [*Takitimu: A History of Ngati Kahungunu*](https://books.google.com/books?id=5vm_oAEACAAJ). Libro International. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-877514-72-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-877514-72-2).

- Taonui, Rāwiri (2005). ["Canoe traditions"](https://teara.govt.nz/en/canoe-traditions/page-6). *Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand*.

- Steedman, J.A.W. (1984). [*Ngā Ohaaki o ngā Whānau o Tauranga Moana: Māori History and Genealogy of the Bay of Plenty*](https://paekoroki.tauranga.govt.nz/nodes/view/50191).

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Tamatea Arikinui](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamatea_Arikinui) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamatea_Arikinui?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.