# Talacasto Formation

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The **Talacasto Formation** is a [geological formation](/source/Geological_formation) in [Argentina](/source/Argentina), exposed primarily across [San Juan Province](/source/San_Juan_Province,_Argentina), with an additional outcrop in [La Rioja Province](/source/La_Rioja_Province,_Argentina). It preserves [fossils](/source/Fossils) dating back to the [Devonian](/source/Devonian) [period](/source/Period_(geology)).

## Description

The Talacasto Formation is exposed in the [Precordillera](/source/Precordillera) Basin of [Argentina](/source/Argentina), with outcrops most widespread in [San Juan Province](/source/San_Juan_Province,_Argentina), though an isolated exposure also exists at Sierra de las Minitas in [La Rioja Province](/source/La_Rioja_Province,_Argentina).[1][2] Along with the [Punta Negra Formation](/source/Punta_Negra_Formation), it makes up the [Gualilán Group](/source/Gualil%C3%A1n_Group), which represent [Devonian](/source/Devonian)-aged deposits in the Argentine Precordillera.[3] The thickness of the Talacasto Formation varies across its extent; at the [type locality](/source/Type_locality_(geology)) of Quebrada de Talacasto in the south it is 300 m (980 ft) thick, while at the Loma de los Piojos section near the [Jáchal River](/source/J%C3%A1chal_River) in the north it exceeds 1,000 m (3,300 ft) in thickness.[1]

## Fossil content

### Bivalves

Bivalves reported from the Talacasto Formation Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images Actinopteria[4] A. eschwegei Loma de los Piojos About 20 specimens A pterineid A. modesta Loma de los Piojos Several specimens A pterineid Anthracoleda[4] A. (Pseudoleda) minuta Cerro del Fuerte Loma de los Piojos Several specimens A nuculanid Deceptrix[4] D. (Devonodeceptrix) jachalensis Loma de los Piojos Several specimens A cardiolariid Glossites[4] G. cf. G. depressus Loma de los Piojos 2 specimens A modiomorphid Grammysioidea[4] G. capricornus Loma de los Piojos 5 specimens A grammysiid Nuculites[4] N. argentinum Cerro del Fuerte Loma de los Piojos Numerous specimens A cucullellid Nuculoidea[4] N.? sp. Cerro del Fuerte 4 specimens A nuculid Palaeoneilo[4] P. cf. P. forbesi Loma de los Piojos 5 internal moulds A malletiid Pholadella[4] P. radiata Loma de los Piojos 7 specimens A sanguinolitid

### Brachiopods

Brachiopods reported from the Talacasto Formation Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images Anoplia[5][6] A. azucenae Portezuelo del Tambolar Over 70 specimens An anopliid A. sp. A Río Talacasto 6 specimens An anopliid A. sp. Los Algarrobos section An anopliid Athyris[6] A. sp. Los Algarrobos section An athyridid Australostrophia[5] A. penoensis Loma de los Piojos Cerro del Fuerte Agua del Peñón Numerous specimens A strophochonetid Boucotia[7] B. argentina Loma de los Piojos Portezuelo del Tambolar 3 isolated valves A notanopliid Chonostrophia[5][8] C. elenae Loma de los Piojos Several specimens A chonostrophiid C. reversa var. andina Quebrada de Talacasto Several specimens Tentatively reclassified as a species of Sanjuanetes[9] Eoschucertella[10] E. delicata Quebrada Zerina Numerous specimens An areostrophiid Iridistrophia[10] I. aliciae Cerro del Fuerte Numerous specimens A chilidiopsid I. dominans Loma de los Piojos Numerous specimens A chilidiopsid I. magna Cordón de Agua de Peñón Numerous specimens A chilidiopsid I. prima Quebrada La Cortadera Numerous specimens A chilidiopsid Kentronetes[5] K. giolittii Quebrada Las Loras 6 valves A strophochonetid K. ortegae Loma de los Piojos Numerous specimens A strophochonetid K. vallensis Loma de los Piojos 31 specimens A strophochonetid K. variabilis Portezuelo del Tambolar Poblete Sur Quebrada del río Talacasto Quebrada del Chañar (Cerro La Chilca) Loma de los Piojos 32 valves A strophochonetid Lingula[6] L. sp. Los Algarrobos section A lingulid Lomaella[5] L. primoris Loma de los Piojos 9 specimens An eodevonariid L. sanjuanina Loma de los Piojos Several specimens An eodevonariid Meristella[6] M. sp. Los Algarrobos section A meristellid Metaplasia[6] M. baldisi Los Algarrobos section An ambocoeliid Pleurochonetes[5] ?P. sp. Loma de los Piojos 32 specimens A chonetid Plicanoplia[5] P. sp. Loma de los Piojos 5 specimens An anopliid Sanjuanetes[5][6][8] ?S. andina Quebrada de Talacasto Los Algarrobos section Several specimens A strophochonetid, originally reported as Chonostrophia reversa var. andina[9]

### Cephalopods

Cephalopods reported from the Talacasto Formation Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images Bactrites[1] B. gracilis Quebrada de Talacasto Below Keidel's Bed 18 specimens A bactritid B. sp. Quebrada de Talacasto Sierra de las Minitas 5 specimens A bactritid Devonobactrites[1] D.? sp. Loma de los Piojos section 2 specimens A bactritid

### Corals

Corals reported from the Talacasto Formation Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images Enterolasma[6] E. sp. Cerro del Fuerte section Fragments & complete specimens A horn coral Favosites[6] F.? sp. Cerro del Fuerte section 1 colony A tabulate coral Parastriatopora[6][11] P. cf. gigantea Tambolar section 6 small branch fragments A tabulate coral P. sanjuanina Los Algarrobos section A tabulate coral P. sp. Los Algarrobos section A tabulate coral

### Echinoderms

Echinoderms reported from the Talacasto Formation Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images Argentinaster[12] A. bodenbenderi Jachal Several specimens An ophiurinid brittle star Crinoidea indet.[6] Indeterminate Los Algarrobos section A crinoid Furcaster[12] F. separatus Jachal Multiple specimens A protasterid brittle star Marginix[12] M. yachalensis Jachal Several specimens An encrinasterid brittle star Promopalaeaster[12] P.? quadriserialis Jachal Several specimens A valvatid starfish

### Hyoliths

Hyoliths reported from the Talacasto Formation Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images Hyolithida indet.[6] Indeterminate Los Algarrobos section A hyolithid

### Ostracods

Ostracods reported from the Talacasto Formation Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images Aechmina[13] A. sp. Talacasto Creek 6 specimens A member of Podocopa Amphizona[13] A.? argentinensis Portezuelo del Tambolar Talacasto Creek Poblete Sur Las Tunas 23 specimens A member of Podocopa Bollia[13] B. talacastensis Talacasto Creek Poblete Sur 20 specimens A member of Podocopa Keslingiella[13] K. teresae Los Algarrobos Talacasto Creek Poblete Sur La Chilcas Las Tunas Several specimens A member of Podocopida Lapazites[13] L. aff. L. trinodis Portezuelo del Tambolar La Cortadera Poblete Sur La Chilca 12 specimens A member of Podocopa Petrisigmoopsis[13] P.? rotundum Talacasto Creek La Chilca Several specimens A member of Podocopa Pircawayra[13][14] P. antiqua Portezuelo del Tambolar La Cortadera Creek La Chilca Las Aguaditas Creek 5 specimens A member of Palaeocopida P. peregrina Loma de los Piojos Several specimens A member of Palaeocopida Suinella[13] S. huarpesi Portezuelo del Tambolar Talacasto Creek Poblete Sur Several specimens A member of Podocopa Thlipsurella[13] T. aff. T. putea Los Algarrobos Talacasto Creek Poblete Sur Las Tunas 33 specimens A member of Podocopida Ulrichia[13] U. sp. Talacasto Creek Poblete Sur La Chilca 7 specimens A member of Podocopa

### Sponges

Sponges reported from the Talacasto Formation Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images Talacastospongia[15] T. minima Talacasto section Los Algarrobos Las Aguaditas 13 specimens A glass sponge

### Trilobites

Trilobites reported from the Talacasto Formation Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images Aguaditaspis[16] A. mediaspina Quebrada de las Aguaditas Sierra de las Minitas Several specimens A dalmanitid Bainella[17] B. cooperi Cerro La Chilca 6 specimens A calmoniid B. sanjuanina Cerro La Chilca 8 specimens A calmoniid Calmonia[17] C. nov. sp. A Loma de los Piojos An internal mould (CORD PZ 8613) A calmoniid Dalmanitoides[18] D. boehmi Loma de los Piojos Several specimens A dalmanitid D. drevermanni Loma de los Piojos Cerro La Chilca Several specimens A dalmanitid Dalmanitidae indet.[6][16] Gen. et. sp. nov. Quebrada de las Aguaditas One specimen (CEGH-UNC 27422) An unnamed dalmanitid Indeterminate Los Algarrobos section A dalmanitid Dalmanitinae gen. et. sp. indet.[2] Indeterminate Sierra de las Minitas Fragmentary pygidium (PULR-132 A-B) A dalmanitid Deltacephalaspis[17] D. sp. Cerro La Chilca 2 specimens A calmoniid Echidnops[2][19] E. taphomimus Quebrada de Las Aguaditas Sierra de Los Blaquitos Sierra de las Minitas 12 specimens A phacopid, originally reported as an unnamed species of Paciphacops Ivanites[16] I. leonorae Quebrada de Las Aguaditas Quebrada de Talacasto Loma de los Piojos Several specimens A dalmanitid Maurotarion[6][20][21] M. (Malvinotarion) gaucho Loma de los Piojos 10 specimens An aulacopleurid M. (Malvinotarion) haudei Loma de los Piojos 2 specimens An aulacopleurid M. (Malvinotarion) talacastoense La Cantera point 5 specimens An aulacopleurid M. (Malvinotarion) sp. Portezuelo del Tambolar One specimen (CEGH-UNC 7.086) An aulacopleurid M. (Malvinotarion) sp. B Cerro La Chilca One specimen An aulacopleurid M. megacephalum Loma de los Piojos 23 specimens An aulacopleurid M. sp. Los Algarrobos section An aulacopleurid Paciphacops[2][6] P. (Paciphacops) sp. Sierra de las Minitas Several specimens Now known as Echidnops taphomimus[19] P. sp. Los Algarrobos section A phacopid P.? sp. Sierra de las Minitas One specimen (PULR-127 A-B) A phacopid Parabouleia[6][22] P. eldredgei Quebrada de Talacasto 9 specimens A calmoniid P. sp. Los Algarrobos section A calmoniid Talacastops[2][22] T. zarelae Quebrada de Las Aguaditas Sierra de las Minitas Multiple specimens A calmoniid Tarijactinoides[17] T. jarcasensis Cerro La Chilca Loma de los Piojos 13 specimens A calmoniid Tormesiscus[2] T. cf. hildae Sierra de las Minitas Partial specimen (PULR-130) A calmoniid Unguliproetus[2] U.? sp. Sierra de las Minitas Two associated fragments A proetid

## References

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1. Rustán, Juan J.; Vaccari, N. Emilio; Astini, Ricardo A. (June 2011). ["Early Devonian Trilobites from the Sierra De Las Minitas, Northernmost Precordillera (La Rioja Province), Argentina"](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259196992). *Ameghiniana*. **48** (2): 226–241. [doi:10.5710/AMGH.v48i1(335)](https://doi.org/10.5710/AMGH.v48i1(335)). [hdl:11336/53580](https://hdl.handle.net/11336/53580). [ISSN 0002-7014](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0002-7014)

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1. Rustán, Juan J. & Vaccari, N. Emilio (2010). ["The Aulacopleurid Trilobite Maurotarion Alberti, 1969, in the Silurian-Devonian of Argentina: Systematic, Phylogenetic and Paleobiogeographic Significance"](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259197091). *Journal of Paleontology*. **84** (6): 1082–1098. [Bibcode:2010JPal...84.1082R](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010JPal...84.1082R). [doi:10.1666/09-166.1](https://doi.org/10.1666/09-166.1). [ISSN 0022-3360](https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0022-3360). [JSTOR 40925985](https://www.jstor.org/stable/40925985). [S2CID 129791708](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129791708)

1. Rustán, J. & Vaccari, N. (2012-08-01). ["The trilobite Maurotarion megacephalum sp. nov. (Aulacopleuridae) in the Lower Devonian of Argentina: phylogenetic and paleobiogeographic remarks"](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259196989). *Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas*. **29**: 346–354. [S2CID 55274075](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:55274075)

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