# TS/A

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> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TS%2FA
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**TS/A** is a mouse mammary adenocarcinoma [cell line](/source/Immortalized_cell_line) established in the early 1980s from a spontaneous tumor of a retired breeder [BALB/c](/source/BALB/c) female mouse.[1][2] In the 1990s it was widely used as a recipient cell line for the transduction of [cytokine](/source/Cytokine) genes and other genes of immunological interest, to produce recombinant experimental vaccines that induced anti-tumor immunological responses.[3]

## References

1. Nanni P, C De Giovanni, P-L Lollini, G Nicoletti, and G Prodi. 1983. "TS/A: a new metastasizing cell line from a BALB/c spontaneous mammary adenocarcinoma". Clinical and Experimental Metastasis. 1(4): 373-80.

1. De Giovanni C, Nicoletti G, Landuzzi L, Palladini A, Lollini PL, Nanni P. "Bioprofiling TS/A Murine Mammary Cancer for a Functional Precision Experimental Model". Cancers (Basel). 2019 Nov 27;11(12).

1. Allione A, M Consalvo, P Nanni, P-L Lollini, F Cavallo, M Giovarelli, M Forni, A Gulino, MP Colombo, P Dellabona, H Hock, T Blankenstein, FM Rosenthal, B Gansbacher, MC Bosco, T Musso, L Gusella, and Guido Forni. 1994. "Immunizing and curative potential of replicating and nonreplicating murine mammary adenocarcinoma cells engineered with interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and gamma-interferon gene or admixed with conventional adjuvants". Cancer Research. 54(23): 6022-6026.

## External links

- [Cellosaurus entry for TS/A](https://www.cellosaurus.org/CVCL_F736)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [TS/A](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TS%2FA) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TS%2FA?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.