# TOVE Project

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University of Toronto ontology project

Toronto Virtual Enterprise Ontologies, Fox and [Gruninger](/source/Michael_Gruninger) (1998).

The **TOVE project** ("Toronto Virtual Enterprise") is a project to develop an [ontological framework](/source/Ontology_(information_science)) for [enterprise integration](/source/Enterprise_integration) (EI) based on and suited for [enterprise modeling](/source/Enterprise_modeling).[1] In the beginning of the 1990s it was initiated by [Mark S. Fox](/source/Mark_S._Fox) and others at the [University of Toronto](/source/University_of_Toronto).[2]

## Overview

The original goal of the project was fourfold:[3]

- Create a shared representation or [ontology](/source/Ontology_(information_science)) of the enterprise that each agent in the distributed enterprise can jointly understand and use[3]

- Define the meaning of each [description](/source/Description) or [semantics](/source/Semantics)[3]

- Implement the semantics in a set of [axioms](/source/Axiom) that will enable TOVE to automatically deduce the answer to many "common sense" questions about the [enterprise](/source/Business),[3] and

- Define a [symbology](/source/Symbology) for depicting a concept in a [graphical context](/source/Graphical_modeling_language)[3]

Eventually the ongoing project aims to develop a set of integrated ontologies for the modelling of both commercial and public enterprises.

The model according to [Ted Williams](/source/Theodore_J._Williams) (2000) is "multi-level, spanning conceptual, generic and applications layers. The generic and applications layers all also stratified and composed of micro theories spanning, for example, activities, time, resources, constraints, etc. At the generic level. Critical to the TOVE effort is enabling the easy instantiation of the model for a particular enterprise TOVE models will be automatically created as a by product of the enterprise design function".[4] At the turn of the millennium TOVE has been used to model a computer manufacturer and an aerospace engineering firm.

The TOVE enterprise models is presented by Fox et al. (1995) as second generation [knowledge engineering](/source/Knowledge_engineering) approach. A first generation knowledge engineering approach "is extracting rules from experts, while second generation is [ontology engineering](/source/Ontology_engineering): They develop comprehensive ontologies for all the aspects of an organization they find necessary (necessity is decided based on competency requirements to the model, i.e., what are the questions the model will have to answer, either by ordinary look-up or by deduction). The background of TOVE is clearly knowledge engineering and to some degree [Computer Integrated Manufacturing](/source/Computer_Integrated_Manufacturing)".[1]

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Tot97_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Tot97_1-1) Terje Totland (1997). [5.2.3 Toronto Virtual Enterprise (TOVE)](http://www.idi.ntnu.no/grupper/su/publ/html/totland/ch0523.htm) Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FG98_2-0)** [Mark S. Fox](/source/Mark_S._Fox) and [Michael Gruninger](/source/Michael_Gruninger) (1998) "[Enterprise Modeling](http://www.eil.utoronto.ca/enterprise-modelling/papers/fox-aimag98.pdf)". American Association for Artificial Intelligence.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Fox92_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Fox92_3-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Fox92_3-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-Fox92_3-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-Fox92_3-4) Fox, M.S., (1992), "[The TOVE Project: Towards A Common-sense Model of the Enterprise](http://www.eil.utoronto.ca/enterprise-modelling/papers/fox-tove-uofttr92.pdf)", Enterprise Integration Laboratory Technical Report.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** [Ted Williams](/source/Theodore_J._Williams) (2000) [TOVE Toronto Virtual Enterprise](http://www.pera.net/Methodologies/TOVE.html) at pera.net. Accessed July 29, 2009.

## Further reading

- M.S. Fox, "The TOVE Project: A Common-sense Model of the Enterprise", *Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Industrial and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems* ed. F. Belli and [F. J. Radermacher](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=F._J._Radermacher&action=edit&redlink=1), *Lecture Notes in Computer Science*:**604**, 1992, p. 25-34.

## External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to [TOVE](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:TOVE).

- [Project page](http://www.eil.utoronto.ca/enterprise-modelling/tove/)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [TOVE Project](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOVE_Project) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOVE_Project?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.