# Syops

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Extinct genus of dicynodonts

Not to be confused with [Psyops](/source/Psyops).

Syops Temporal range: Late Permian ~259–254 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Clade: Synapsida Clade: Therapsida Clade: †Anomodontia Clade: †Dicynodontia Clade: †Bidentalia Genus: †Syops Kammerer et al. 2011 Type species †S. vanhoepeni (Boonstra 1938)

***Syops*** is an extinct genus of [dicynodont](/source/Dicynodont) [therapsid](/source/Therapsid).[1] The [type species](/source/Type_species) *S. vanhoepeni* was first named in 1938 as *[Dicynodon](/source/Dicynodon) vanhoepeni*. Fossils of the genus have been found in the [*Cistecephalus* Assemblage Zone](/source/Cistecephalus_Assemblage_Zone) in the [Usili Formation](/source/Usili_Formation) of the [Ruhuhu Basin](/source/Ruhuhu_Basin), [Tanzania](/source/Tanzania) and the [Upper Madumabisa Mudstone Formation](/source/Upper_Madumabisa_Mudstone_Formation) of the [Luangwa Basin](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luangwa_Basin&action=edit&redlink=1), [Zambia](/source/Zambia).[2] Its phylogenetic placement is somewhat uncertain, with multiple different studies finding it as either a basal [geikiid](/source/Geikiidae),[3] [rhachiocephalid](/source/Rhachiocephalid)[4] a [dicynodontoid](/source/Dicynodontoid) more derived than the most basal genera but less derived than [Lystrosauridae](/source/Lystrosauridae),[5][6] or a [lystrosaurid](/source/Lystrosaurid).[1][7]

## References

- [Paleontology portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Paleontology)

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-KAF11_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-KAF11_1-1) Kammerer, C.F.; Angielczyk, K.D.; Fröbisch, J. (2011). "A comprehensive taxonomic revision of Dicynodon (Therapsida, Anomodontia) and its implications for dicynodont phylogeny, biogeography, and biostratigraphy". *Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology*. **31** (Suppl. 1): 1–158. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2011JVPal..31S...1K](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011JVPal..31S...1K). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1080/02724634.2011.627074](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02724634.2011.627074). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [84987497](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:84987497).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** [*Syops*](https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=196700) at [Fossilworks](/source/Fossilworks).org

1. **[^](#cite_ref-EubrachiosaurusRev_3-0)** Kammerer, C. F.; Fröbisch, J. R.; Angielczyk, K. D. (2013). Farke, Andrew A (ed.). ["On the Validity and Phylogenetic Position of Eubrachiosaurus browni, a Kannemeyeriiform Dicynodont (Anomodontia) from Triassic North America"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3669350). *PLOS ONE*. **8** (5) e64203. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2013PLoSO...864203K](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013PLoSO...864203K). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1371/journal.pone.0064203](https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0064203). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [3669350](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3669350). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [23741307](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23741307).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-desc_4-0)** Kammerer, C.F.; Smith, R.M.H. (2017). ["An early geikiid dicynodont from the *Tropidostoma* Assemblage Zone (late Permian) of South Africa"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5289114). *PeerJ*. **5** e2913. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.7717/peerj.2913](https://doi.org/10.7717%2Fpeerj.2913). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [2167-8359](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2167-8359). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [5289114](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5289114). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [28168104](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28168104).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Angielcyzk17_5-0)** Angielczyk, K.D.; Kammerer, C.F. (2017). "The cranial morphology, phylogenetic position and biogeography of the upper Permian dicynodont *Compsodon helmoedi* van Hoepen (Therapsida, Anomodontia)". *[Papers in Palaeontology](/source/Palaeontological_Association)*. **3** (4): 513–545. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1002/spp2.1087](https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fspp2.1087). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [134092461](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:134092461).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Taoheodon_6-0)** Liu, Jun (2020). "*Taoheodon baizhijuni*, gen. et sp. nov. (Anomodontia, Dicynodontoidea), from the upper Permian Sunjiagou Formation of China and its implications". *Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology*. **40** e1762088. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2020JVPal..40E2088L](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020JVPal..40E2088L). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1080/02724634.2020.1762088](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02724634.2020.1762088). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [221749476](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:221749476).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Kunpania21_7-0)** Angielczyk, K. D.; Liu, J.; Yang, W. (2021). "A Redescription of *Kunpania scopulusa*, a Bidentalian Dicynodont (Therapsida, Anomodontia) from the ?Guadalupian of Northwestern China". *Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology*. **41** e1922428. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2021JVPal..41E2428A](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021JVPal..41E2428A). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1080/02724634.2021.1922428](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02724634.2021.1922428). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [236406006](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:236406006).

v t e Anomodontia Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Clade: Synapsida Clade: Therapsida Synapsida see Synapsida Anomodontia see below↓ Anomodontia Anomodontia Biseridens Novocynodon? Parasilvia Anomocephaloidea Anomocephalus Tiarajudens Venyukovioidea Otsheria Parasuminia Suminia Ulemica Venyukovia Chainosauria Galechirus Galeops Galepus Patranomodon Anomocephaloidea? Dicynodontia see below↓ Dicynodontia Dicynodontia Brachyprosopus Colobodectes Eodicynodon Lanthanostegus Nyaphulia Pristerodon Pylaecephalidae Diictodon Eosimops Prosictodon Robertia Endothiodontia Abajudon Endothiodon Niassodon Therochelonia Emydopoidea Digalodon Emydorhinus? Palemydops? Emydopidae Compsodon Emydops Myosauridae Myosauroides Myosaurus Kingoriidae Dicynodontoides Kombuisia Rastodon Thliptosaurus? Cistecephalidae Cistecephaloides Cistecephalus Kawingasaurus Kembawacela Sauroscaptor Bidentalia see below↓ Bidentalia Bidentalia Daqingshanodon Idelesaurus Keyseria Mdomowabata Odontocyclops Syops Elphidae Elph Interpresosaurus Katumbia Geikiidae Aulacephalodon Bulbasaurus Geikia Pelanomodon Oudenodontidae Australobarbarus Oudenodon Tropidostoma Rhachiocephalidae Kitchinganomodon Rhachiocephalus Dicynodontoidea Counillonia Daptocephalus Delectosaurus Dicynodon Dinanomodon Gordonia Kunpania Peramodon Repelinosaurus Taoheodon Turfanodon Vivaxosaurus Lystrosauridae Basilodon? Euptychognathus? Jimusaria? Kwazulusaurus Lystrosauravus Madumabisa Lystrosaurus Sintocephalus? Kannemeyeriiformes see below↓ Kannemeyeriiformes Kannemeyeriiformes Angonisaurus Dinodontosaurus Elephantosaurus Woznikella Shansiodontidae Shansiodon Tetragonias Vinceria Rhinodicynodon Kannemeyeriidae Acratophorus Dolichuranus Kannemeyeria Parakannemeyeria Rabidosaurus Rechnisaurus Rhadiodromus Shaanbeikannemeyeria Sinokannemeyeria Uralokannemeyeria Wadiasaurus Xiyukannemeyeria Stahleckeriidae Sungeodon Placeriinae Argodicynodon Lisowicia Moghreberia Pentasaurus Placerias Zambiasaurus Stahleckeriinae Eubrachiosaurus Ischigualastia Jachaleria Sangusaurus Stahleckeria Ufudocyclops Other articles Nomina dubia Azarifeneria Baiopsis Calleonasus Chelyoposaurus Cristonasus Diaelurodon Dicranozygoma Elatosaurus Eurycarpus Haughtoniana Keirognathus Koupia Nasoplanites Opisthoctenodon Parvobestiola Planitorostris Platypodosaurus Putillosaurus Taognathus Paraphyletic groups Cryptodontia? Dromasauria

Taxon identifiers Syops Wikidata: Q7662963 GBIF: 8501660 IRMNG: 1484597 Open Tree of Life: 6148823 Paleobiology Database: 298049

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Syops](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syops) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syops?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.