# Syllidae

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Family of annelids

Syllidae Syllis gracilis micrograph, showing the distinctive barrel-shaped proventricle Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Annelida Clade: Pleistoannelida Subclass: Errantia Order: Phyllodocida Suborder: Nereidiformia Family: Syllidae Grube 1850[1] Synonyms Levidoridae

[Schizogamy](/source/Schizogamy) in syllid polychaete

**Syllidae,** commonly known as the **necklace worms**,[2] is a [family](/source/Family_(taxonomy)) of small to medium-sized [polychaete worms](/source/Polychaete_worm). Syllids are distinguished from other polychaetes by the presence of a muscular region of the anterior digestive tract known as the *proventricle*.[3][4]

Syllid worms range in size from 2–3 mm (0.08–0.12 in) to 14 centimetres (5.5 in). Most syllids are [benthic](/source/Benthic) organisms that transition to a [pelagic](/source/Pelagic) [epitoke](/source/Epitoke) for reproduction. They are found in all regions of the ocean, from the [intertidal zone](/source/Intertidal_zone) to the [deep sea](/source/Deep_sea), and are especially abundant in shallow water.[3][5]

They are found in a range of habitats, moving actively on rock and sandy substrates, hiding in crevices and among seaweeds, and climbing on sponges, corals, hydrozoans, seagrasses and mangroves. They are generalist feeders.[6] A young Syllid was one of the first worms to be found with pollen from seagrass in its stomach, making it a possible pollinator.[7]

The *proventricle*, Syllid worm's most distinctive anatomical feature, allows the worm to feed by sucking due to its pumping action. It also plays a role in hormone production, and thus the worm's sexual development.[4] The proventricle is composed of [strirated muscle](/source/Striated_muscle_tissue) cells with the longest known [sacromeres](/source/Sarcomere) among animals.[8] The proventricle is usually visible through the body wall.[9]

*[Syllis ramosa](/source/Syllis_ramosa)* was the first polychaete discovered to have a branching body plan.[10] Later, two species of [Ramisyllis](/source/Ramisyllis) were discovered to have a branching body plan.

## Subfamilies

- *[Anoplosyllinae](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anoplosyllinae&action=edit&redlink=1)* - *[Streptosyllis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Streptosyllis&action=edit&redlink=1)* - *[Streptosyllis bidentata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Streptosyllis_bidentata&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Southern, 1914) - *[Streptosyllis websteri](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Streptosyllis_websteri&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Southern, 1914) - *[Syllides](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllides&action=edit&redlink=1)* - *[Syllides benedicti](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllides_benedicti&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Banse, 1971) - *[Syllides longocirrata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllides_longocirrata&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Ørsted, 1845)

- *[Eusyllinae](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eusyllinae&action=edit&redlink=1)* - *[Clavisyllis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clavisyllis&action=edit&redlink=1)* - *[Clavisyllis alternata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clavisyllis_alternata&action=edit&redlink=1)* Knox, 1957 - *[Clavisyllis tenjini](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clavisyllis_tenjini&action=edit&redlink=1)* Cejp, Jimi & Aguado, 2023 - *[Clavisyllis yongei](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clavisyllis_yongei&action=edit&redlink=1)* Watson, 2009 - *[Eusyllis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eusyllis&action=edit&redlink=1)* - *[Eusyllis assimilis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eusyllis_assimilis&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Marenzeller, 1875) - *[Eusyllis blomstrandi](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eusyllis_blomstrandi&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Malmgren, 1867) - *[Eusyllis lamelligera](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eusyllis_lamelligera&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Marion & Bobretzky, 1875) - *[Nudisyllis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nudisyllis&action=edit&redlink=1)* - *[Nudisyllis divaricata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nudisyllis_divaricata&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Keferstein, 1862) - *[Nudisyllis pulligera](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nudisyllis_pulligera&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Krohn, 1852) - *[Odontosyllis](/source/Odontosyllis)* - *[Odontosyllis ctenostoma](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Odontosyllis_ctenostoma&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Claparède, 1868) - *[Odontosyllis enopla](/source/Odontosyllis_enopla)* ([Verrill](/source/Addison_Emery_Verrill), 1900) - *[Odontosyllis fulgurans](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Odontosyllis_fulgurans&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Audouin & Milne-Edwards, 1833) - *[Odontosyllis gibba](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Odontosyllis_gibba&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Claparède, 1863) - *[Odontosyllis phosphorea](/source/Odontosyllis_phosphorea)* (Moore, 1909) - *[Opisthodonta](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opisthodonta&action=edit&redlink=1)* - *[Opisthodonta longocirrata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opisthodonta_longocirrata&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Saint-Joseph, 1886) - *[Pionosyllis](/source/Pionosyllis)* - *[Pionosyllis compacta](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pionosyllis_compacta&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Malmgren, 1867) - *[Pionosyllis serratisetosa](/source/Pionosyllis_serratisetosa)* (López, San Martín & Jiménez, 1997) - *[Synmerosyllis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Synmerosyllis&action=edit&redlink=1)* - *[Synmerosyllis lamelligera](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Synmerosyllis_lamelligera&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Saint-Joseph, 1886)

- *[Autolytinae](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autolytinae&action=edit&redlink=1)* - *[Epigamia](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epigamia_(subfamily)&action=edit&redlink=1)* - *[Epigamia alexandri](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epigamia_alexandri&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Malmgren, 1867) - *[Myrianida](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Myrianida&action=edit&redlink=1)* - *[Myrianida brachycephala](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Myrianida_brachycephala&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Marenzeller, 1874) - *[Myrianida edwarsi](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Myrianida_edwarsi&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Saint-Joseph, 1886) - *[Myrianida inermis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Myrianida_inermis&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Saint-Joseph, 1886) - *[Myrianida langerhansi](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Myrianida_langerhansi&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Gidholm, 1967) - *[Myrianida pinnigera](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Myrianida_pinnigera&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Montagu, 1808) - *[Myrianida prolifera](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Myrianida_prolifera&action=edit&redlink=1)* (O.F. Müller, 1788) - *[Myrianida quinquedecimdentata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Myrianida_quinquedecimdentata&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Langerhans, 1884) - *[Myrianida rubropunctata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Myrianida_rubropunctata&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Grube, 1860) - *[Proceraea](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Proceraea&action=edit&redlink=1)* - *[Proceraea aurantiaca](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Proceraea_aurantiaca&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Claparède, 1868) - *[Proceraea cornuta](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Proceraea_cornuta&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Agassiz, 1862) - *[Proceraea picta](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Proceraea_picta&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Ehlers, 1864) - *[Proceraea prismatica](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Proceraea_prismatica&action=edit&redlink=1)* (O.F. Müller, 1776) - *[Procerastea halleziana](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Procerastea_halleziana&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Malaquin, 1893) - *[Procerastea nematodes](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Procerastea_nematodes&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Langerhans, 1884)

- *[Exogoninae](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exogoninae&action=edit&redlink=1)* - *[Brania](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brania&action=edit&redlink=1)* - *[Brania pusilla](/source/Brania_pusilla)* (Dujardin, 1851) - *[Erinaceusyllis](/source/Erinaceusyllis)* - *[Erinaceusyllis cirripapillata](/source/Erinaceusyllis_cirripapillata)* (San Martín, 2005) - *[Erinaceusyllis erinaceus](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Erinaceusyllis_erinaceus&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Claparède, 1863) - *[Erinaceusyllis ettiennei](/source/Erinaceusyllis_ettiennei)* (San Martín, 2005) - *[Erinaceusyllis hartmannschroederae](/source/Erinaceusyllis_hartmannschroederae)* (San Martín, 2005) - *[Erinaceusyllis kathrynae](/source/Erinaceusyllis_kathrynae)* (San Martín, 2005) - *[Exogone](/source/Exogone)* - *[Exogone dispar](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exogone_dispar&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Webster, 1879) - *[Exogone naidina](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exogone_naidina&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Ørsted, 1845) - *[Exogone verugera](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exogone_verugera&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Claparède, 1868) - *[Exogonita](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exogonita&action=edit&redlink=1)* Hartman & Fauchald, 1971 - *[Parapionosyllis](/source/Parapionosyllis)* Fauvel, 1923 - *[Parexogone](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parexogone&action=edit&redlink=1)* - *[Parexogone longicirris](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parexogone_longicirris&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Webster & Benedict, 1887) - *[Parexogone hebes](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parexogone_hebes&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Webster & Benedict, 1884) - *[Prosphaerosyllis](/source/Prosphaerosyllis)* - *[Prosphaerosyllis tetralix](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prosphaerosyllis_tetralix&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Eliason, 1920) - *[Salvatoria](/source/Salvatoria)* McIntosh, 1885 - *[Salvatoria clavata](/source/Salvatoria_clavata)* (Claparède, 1863) - *[Salvatoria limbata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Salvatoria_limbata&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Claparède, 1868) - *[Salvatoria swedmarki](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Salvatoria_swedmarki&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Gidholm, 1962) - *[Sphaerosyllis](/source/Sphaerosyllis)* - *[Sphaerosyllis bardukaciculata](/source/Sphaerosyllis_bardukaciculata)* (San Martín, 2005) - *[Sphaerosyllis bulbosa](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sphaerosyllis_bulbosa&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Southern, 1914) - *[Sphaerosyllis goorabantennata](/source/Sphaerosyllis_goorabantennata)* (San Martín, 2005) - *[Sphaerosyllis georgeharrisoni](/source/Sphaerosyllis_georgeharrisoni)* (San Martín, 2005) - *[Sphaerosyllis hystrix](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sphaerosyllis_hystrix&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Claparède, 1863) - *[Sphaerosyllis levantina](/source/Sphaerosyllis_levantina)*(Faulwetter et al., 2011) - *[Sphaerosyllis pirifera](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sphaerosyllis_pirifera&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Claparède, 1868) - *[Sphaerosyllis taylori](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sphaerosyllis_taylori&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Perkins, 1980) - *[Sphaerosyllis voluntariorum](/source/Sphaerosyllis_voluntariorum)* (San Martín, 2005)

- *[Syllinae](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllinae&action=edit&redlink=1)* - *[Syllis](/source/Syllis)* - *[Syllis aciculigrossa](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_aciculigrossa&action=edit&redlink=1)* (San Martín, 1990) - *[Syllis adamantea](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_adamantea&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Treadwell, 1914) - *[Syllis albae](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_albae&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Álvarez-Campos & Verdes, 2017) - *[Syllis albanyensis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_albanyensis&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Hartmann-Schröder, 1984) - *[Syllis alosae](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_alosae&action=edit&redlink=1)* (San Martín, 1992) - *[Syllis alternata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_alternata&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Moore, 1908) - *[Syllis amica](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_amica&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Quatrefages, 1866) - *[Syllis amicarmillaris](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_amicarmillaris&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Simon, San Martín & Robinson, 2014) - *[Syllis anoculata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_anoculata&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Hartmann-Schröder, 1962) - *[Syllis antoniae](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_antoniae&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Salcedo Oropeza, San Martín & Solís-Weiss, 2012) - *[Syllis armillaris](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_armillaris&action=edit&redlink=1)* (O.F. Müller, 1776) - *[Syllis augeneri](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_augeneri&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Haswell, 1920) - *[Syllis barbata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_barbata&action=edit&redlink=1)* (San Martín, 1992) - *[Syllis bella](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_bella&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Chamberlin, 1919) - *[Syllis beneliahuae](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_beneliahuae&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Campoy & Alquézar, 1982) - *[Syllis benguellana](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_benguellana&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Day, 1963) - *[Syllis boggemanni](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_boggemanni&action=edit&redlink=1)* (San Martín, Álvarez-Campos & Hutchings, 2017) - *[Syllis botosaneanui](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_botosaneanui&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Hartmann-Schröder, 1973) - *[Syllis brasiliensis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_brasiliensis&action=edit&redlink=1)* (McIntosh, 1885) - *[Syllis breviarticulata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_breviarticulata&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Grube, 1857) - *[Syllis brevicirrata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_brevicirrata&action=edit&redlink=1)* (McIntosh, 1908) - *[Syllis brevicirris](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_brevicirris&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Hansen, 1882) - *[Syllis broomensis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_broomensis&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Hartmann-Schröder, 1979) - *[Syllis caeca](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_caeca&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Monro, 1933) - *[Syllis castroviejoi](/source/Syllis_castroviejoi)* (Capa, San Martín & López, 2001) - *[Syllis cerina](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_cerina&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Grube, 1878) - *[Syllis cirrita](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_cirrita&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Lee & Rho, 1994) - *[Syllis columbretensis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_columbretensis&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Campoy, 1982) - *[Syllis compacta](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_compacta&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Gravier, 1900) - *[Syllis corallicola](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_corallicola&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Verrill, 1900) - *[Syllis cornuta](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_cornuta&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Rathke, 1843) - *[Syllis crassicirrata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_crassicirrata&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Treadwell, 1925) - *[Syllis cruzi](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_cruzi&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Núñez & San Martín, 1991) - *[Syllis curticirris](/source/Syllis_curticirris)* (Monro, 1937) - *[Syllis danieli](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_danieli&action=edit&redlink=1)* (San Martín, 1992) - *[Syllis deleoni](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_deleoni&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Salcedo Oropeza, San Martín & Solís-Weiss, 2012) - *[Syllis edensis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_edensis&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Hartmann-Schröder, 1989) - *[Syllis elongata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_elongata&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Johnson, 1901) - *[Syllis ergeni](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_ergeni&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Çinar, 2005) - *[Syllis erikae](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_erikae&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Hartmann-Schröder, 1981) - *[Syllis fasciata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_fasciata&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Malmgren, 1867) - *[Syllis ferrani](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_ferrani&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Alós & San Martín, 1987) - *[Syllis filidentata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_filidentata&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Hartmann-Schröder, 1962) - *[Syllis garciai](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_garciai&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Campoy, 1982) - *[Syllis gerlachi](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_gerlachi&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Hartmann-Schröder, 1960) - *[Syllis gerundensis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_gerundensis&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Alós & Campoy, 1981) - *[Syllis glandulata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_glandulata&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Nogueira & San Martín, 2002) - *[Syllis glarearia](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_glarearia&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Westheide, 1974) - *[Syllis golfonovensis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_golfonovensis&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Hartmann-Schröder, 1962) - *[Syllis gracilis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_gracilis&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Grube, 1840) - *[Syllis guidae](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_guidae&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Nogueira & Yunda-Guarin, 2008) - *[Syllis heterochaeta](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_heterochaeta&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Moore, 1909) - *[Syllis hyalina](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_hyalina&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Grube, 1863) - *[Syllis hyllebergi](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_hyllebergi&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Licher, 1999) - *[Syllis joaoi](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_joaoi&action=edit&redlink=1)* (San Martín, Álvarez-Campos & Hutchings, 2017) - *[Syllis jorgei](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_jorgei&action=edit&redlink=1)* (San Martín & López, 2000) - *[Syllis kabilica](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_kabilica&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Ben-Eliahu, 1977) - *[Syllis karlae](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_karlae&action=edit&redlink=1)* (San Martín, Álvarez-Campos & Hutchings, 2017) - *[Syllis kas](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_kas&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Lucas, Sikorski & San Martín, 2018) - *[Syllis komodoensis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_komodoensis&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Aguado, San Martín & ten Hove, 2008) - *[Syllis krohnii](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_krohnii&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Ehlers, 1864) - *[Syllis lagunae](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_lagunae&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Tovar-Hernández, Hernández-Alcántara & Solís-Weiss, 2008) - *[Syllis latifrons](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_latifrons&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Grube, 1857) - *[Syllis licheri](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_licheri&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Ravara, San Martín & Moreira, 2004) - *[Syllis limbata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_limbata&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Grube, 1880) - *[Syllis longesegmentata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_longesegmentata&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Grube, 1857) - *[Syllis lunaris](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_lunaris&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Imajima, 1966) - *[Syllis lutea](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_lutea&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Hartmann-Schröder, 1960) - *[Syllis luteoides](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_luteoides&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Hartmann-Schröder, 1962) - *[Syllis macroceras](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_macroceras&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Grube, 1857) - *[Syllis macrodentata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_macrodentata&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Hartmann-Schröder, 1982) - *[Syllis magdalena](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_magdalena&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Wesenberg-Lund, 1962) - *[Syllis magnapalpa](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_magnapalpa&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Hartmann-Schröder, 1965) - *[Syllis marceloi](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_marceloi&action=edit&redlink=1)* (San Martín, Álvarez-Campos & Hutchings, 2017) - *[Syllis marugani](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_marugani&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Aguado, San Martín & Nishi, 2006) - *[Syllis maryae](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_maryae&action=edit&redlink=1)* (San Martín, 1992) - *[Syllis mauretanica](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_mauretanica&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Licher, 1999) - *[Syllis mayeri](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_mayeri&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Musco & Giangrande, 2005) - *[Syllis mercedesae](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_mercedesae&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Lucas, San Martín & Parapar, 2012) - *[Syllis mexicana](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_mexicana&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Rioja, 1960) - *[Syllis microoculata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_microoculata&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Hartmann-Schröder, 1965) - *[Syllis monilaris](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_monilaris&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Savigny in Lamarck, 1818) - *[Syllis mytilorum](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_mytilorum&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Studer, 1889) - *[Syllis nigra](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_nigra&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Augener, 1925) - *[Syllis nigrescens](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_nigrescens&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Grube, 1878) - *[Syllis nigricirris](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_nigricirris&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Grube, 1863) - *[Syllis nigriscens](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_nigriscens&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Grube, 1878) - *[Syllis nigropunctata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_nigropunctata&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Haswell, 1886) - *[Syllis notocera](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_notocera&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Ehlers, 1905) - *[Syllis nuchalis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_nuchalis&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Hartmann-Schröder, 1960) - *[Syllis obscura](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_obscura&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Grube, 1857) - *[Syllis onkylochaeta](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_onkylochaeta&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Hartmann-Schröder, 1991) - *[Syllis ortizi](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_ortizi&action=edit&redlink=1)* (San Martín, 1992) - *[Syllis parapari](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_parapari&action=edit&redlink=1)* (San Martín & López, 2000) - *[Syllis parturiens](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_parturiens&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Haswell, 1920) - *[Syllis pectinans](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_pectinans&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Haswell, 1920) - *[Syllis picta](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_picta&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Kinberg, 1866) - *[Syllis pigmentata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_pigmentata&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Chamberlin, 1919) - *[Syllis pilosa](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_pilosa&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Aguado, San Martín & Nishi, 2008) - *[Syllis pontxioi](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_pontxioi&action=edit&redlink=1)* (San Martín & López, 2000) - *[Syllis profunda](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_profunda&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Cognetti, 1955) - *[Syllis prolifera](/source/Syllis_prolifera)* (Krohn, 1852) - *[Syllis prolixa](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_prolixa&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Ehlers, 1901) - *[Syllis pseudoarmillaris](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_pseudoarmillaris&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Nogueira & San Martín, 2002) - *[Syllis pulvinata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_pulvinata&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Langerhans, 1881) - *[Syllis quadrifasciata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_quadrifasciata&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Fischli, 1900) - *[Syllis quaternaria](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_quaternaria&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Moore, 1906) - *[Syllis ramosa](/source/Syllis_ramosa)* (McIntosh, 1879) - *[Syllis riojai](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_riojai&action=edit&redlink=1)* (San Martín, 1990) - *[Syllis robertianae](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_robertianae&action=edit&redlink=1)* (McIntosh, 1885) - *[Syllis rosea](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_rosea&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Langerhans, 1879) - *[Syllis rubicunda](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_rubicunda&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Aguado, San Martín & Nishi, 2008) - *[Syllis rudolphi](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_rudolphi&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Delle Chiaje, 1841) - *[Syllis schulzi](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_schulzi&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Hartmann-Schröder, 1960) - *[Syllis sclerolaema](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_sclerolaema&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Ehlers, 1901) - *[Syllis setoensis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_setoensis&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Imajima, 1966) - *[Syllis sol](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_sol&action=edit&redlink=1)* (San Martín, 2004) - *[Syllis stenura](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_stenura&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Blanchard in Gay, 1849) - *[Syllis tamarae](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_tamarae&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Álvarez-Campos & Verdes, 2017) - *[Syllis tiedemanni](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_tiedemanni&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Delle Chiaje, 1841) - *[Syllis torquata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_torquata&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Marion & Bobretzky, 1875) - *[Syllis tripantu](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_tripantu&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Álvarez-Campos & Verdes, 2017) - *[Syllis truncata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_truncata&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Haswell, 1920) - *[Syllis tyrrhena](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_tyrrhena&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Licher & Kuper, 1998) - *[Syllis umbricolor](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_umbricolor&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Grube, 1878) - *[Syllis unzima](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_unzima&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Simon, San Martín & Robinson, 2014) - *[Syllis valida](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_valida&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Grube, 1857) - *[Syllis variegata](/source/Syllis_variegata)* (Grube, 1860) - *[Syllis villenai](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_villenai&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Aguado, San Martín & ten Hove, 2008) - *[Syllis violacea](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_violacea&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Grube, 1870) - *[Syllis vittata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_vittata&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Grube, 1840) - *[Syllis vivipara](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_vivipara&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Krohn, 1869) - *[Syllis warrnamboolensis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_warrnamboolensis&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Hartmann-Schröder, 1987) - *[Syllis westheidei](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_westheidei&action=edit&redlink=1)* (San Martín, 1984) - *[Syllis yallingupensis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_yallingupensis&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Hartmann-Schröder, 1982) - *[Syllis ypsiloides](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syllis_ypsiloides&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Aguado, San Martín & ten Hove, 2008) - *[Ramisyllis](/source/Ramisyllis)* - *[Ramisyllis multicaudata](/source/Ramisyllis_multicaudata)* (Glasby, Schroeder & Aguado, 2012) - *[Ramisyllis kingghidorahi](/source/Ramisyllis_kingghidorahi)* (M. Teresa Aguado, et al. 2022)

## In Thailand

Syllid worms are commonly referred to in [Thai](/source/Thai_language) as *tua roi khā* ([Thai](/source/Thai_language): ตัวร้อยขา, lit. 'hundred-legged creatures') or *tua Songkran* (ตัวสงกรานต์, Songkra creatures), as they are often reported in tap water supplies around the [Songkran](/source/Songkran) festival period (13–15 April), which coincides with [Thailand's hot](/source/Geography_of_Thailand#Climate) season. They are also sometimes called "rainbow creatures" due to their brightly colored, iridescent bodies resembling a rainbow. The [Metropolitan Waterworks Authority](/source/Metropolitan_Waterworks_Authority) has explained that their presence may be associated with leaks or defects in sections of water distribution pipelines, allowing small aquatic organisms to enter the system.

Thai zoologist [Boonsong Lekagul](/source/Boonsong_Lekagul), a prominent figure in the country's zoological history, recorded an observation of a Songkran creature at a house near the Uruphong Bridge (now [Uruphong Intersection](/source/Uruphong_Intersection)) on [Phetchaburi Road](/source/Phetchaburi_Road) on 13 April 1945 at 08:00, during high tide conditions. The specimen was described as exhibiting iridescent coloration when submerged in water, measuring approximately 4.2 centimetres (1.7 in) in length, with numerous ventral parapodia resembling centipede-like legs. While swimming, its body appeared to twist in a helical motion, and upon handling, it readily fragmented into multiple segments.

Syllid worms found in Bangkok's water supply systems are generally classified within the family Syllidae, whereas specimens reported in [Chachoengsao](/source/Chachoengsao_Province) are often associated with the family [Nereidae](/source/Nereidae).[11][12]

## References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to [Syllidae](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Syllidae).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-worms_1-0)** Gil, J., Musco, L. (2015). Read G, Fauchald K (eds.). ["Syllidae Grube, 1850"](https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=948). *World Polychaeta Database*. [World Register of Marine Species](/source/World_Register_of_Marine_Species). Retrieved 16 September 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** ["Necklace-worms -- KnowBC - the leading source of BC information"](https://www.knowbc.com/limited/Books/Marine-Life-of-the-Pacific-Northwest/Invertebrates/Worms/Segmented-Worms/Polychaetes/Sensory-Palp-Polychaetes/Necklace-worms). *www.knowbc.com*. Retrieved 2023-02-02.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-eol_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-eol_3-1) Fukuda, Marcelo V. ["Syllidae"](http://www.eol.org/pages/121/). [Encyclopedia of Life](/source/Encyclopedia_of_Life). Retrieved 16 September 2017.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:0_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:0_4-1) Lamb, Andy; Hanby, Bernard P. (2005). *Marine Life of the Pacific Northwest*. Canada: [Harbour Publishing](/source/Harbour_Publishing). p. 133. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [1-55017-361-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55017-361-8).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** San Martín, Guillermo; Worsfold, Tim M. (2015). ["Guide and keys for the identification of Syllidae (Annelida, Phyllodocida) from the British Isles (reported and expected species)"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4389122). *[ZooKeys](/source/ZooKeys)* (488): 1–29. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.3897/zookeys.488.9061](https://doi.org/10.3897%2Fzookeys.488.9061). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [4389122](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4389122). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [25878521](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25878521).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Sigvaldadottir_6-0)** Sigvaldadottir, Elin; Mackie, Andrew S.Y.; Helgason, Gudmundur V.; Reish, Donald J.; Svavarsson, Jorundur; Steingrimsson, Sigmar A.; Gudmundsson, Gudmundur (2013). [*Advances in Polychaete Research*](https://books.google.com/books?id=RsHxCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA288). Springer Science & Business Media. p. 288. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-94-017-0655-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-94-017-0655-1).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** van Tussenbroek, Brigitta I.; Villamil, Nora; Márquez-Guzmán, Judith; Wong, Ricardo; Monroy-Velázquez, L. Verónica; Solis-Weiss, Vivianne (29 September 2016). ["Experimental evidence of pollination in marine flowers by invertebrate fauna"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5056424). *Nature Communications*. **7** (1) 12980. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2016NatCo...712980V](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016NatCo...712980V). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1038/ncomms12980](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fncomms12980). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [2041-1723](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2041-1723). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [5056424](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5056424). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [27680661](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27680661). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [1903911](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1903911).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** Weidhase, Michael; Beckers, Patrick; Bleidorn, Christoph; Aguado, M. Teresa (2016-10-04). ["On the role of the proventricle region in reproduction and regeneration in Typosyllis antoni (Annelida: Syllidae)"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5050598). *BMC Evolutionary Biology*. **16** (1): 196. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1186/s12862-016-0770-5](https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs12862-016-0770-5). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [1471-2148](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1471-2148). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [5050598](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5050598). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [27716025](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27716025).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** ["Syllidae: Brief Summary"](https://eol.org/pages/121/articles). *eol.org*. Retrieved 2023-02-02.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Marshall_10-0)** Marshall, Michael (2 March 2012). ["Zoologger: the worm that looks like a tree"](https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn21535-zoologger-the-worm-that-looks-like-a-tree/). *New Scientist*. Retrieved 28 September 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** หน้า 8 ต่อข่าวหน้า 1, *ตัว 100 ขาไร้ซึ่งอันตราย*. "เคียงข่าว". **[เดลินิวส์](/source/Daily_News_(Thailand))**ฉบับที่ 23,768: วันอาทิตย์ที่ 9 พฤศจิกายน พ.ศ. 2557: แรม 3 ค่ำ เดือน 12 ปีมะเมีย (in Thai)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** Pakorn, Jiraporn (2015-09-30). ["ตัวร้อยขาปนมากับน้ำได้อย่างไร อันตรายหรือไม่"](https://www.scimath.org/article-science/item/4777-2015-09-30-04-14-45). *SciMath* (in Thai). Retrieved 2026-04-23.

Taxon identifiers Syllidae Wikidata: Q2373923 Wikispecies: Syllidae ADW: Syllidae AFD: Syllidae BOLD: 125418 CoL: 84KTJ EoL: 121 GBIF: 3588 iNaturalist: 81787 IRMNG: 110079 ITIS: 65587 NBN: NHMSYS0021048998 NCBI: 122238 NZOR: 9fc89ac8-d04c-4758-8654-648e1d46fed4 Open Tree of Life: 881665 Paleobiology Database: 354999 Plazi: 386787A0-FFA5-0524-16E8-D99BFBBE7663 WoRMS: 948

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Syllidae](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syllidae) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syllidae?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.