# SweeTango

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Cultivated apple

Malus domestica Hybrid parentage Honeycrisp × Zestar Cultivar Minneiska Marketing names SweeTango Origin University of Minnesota, 1991

**SweeTango** is the [brand name](/source/Brand_name) of the cultivated [apple](/source/Apple) variety Minneiska, a hybrid between the [Honeycrisp](/source/Honeycrisp) and the [Zestar](/source/Zestar_apple) apples belonging to the [University of Minnesota](/source/University_of_Minnesota). The apple is controlled and regulated for marketing, allowing only exclusive territories for growing. It has a sweet-tart taste that some food writers have described as something between brown sugar and spiced apple cider.

University of Minnesota awarded Pepin Heights Orchards exclusive marketing rights to grow and sell the Minneiska apple. They then in turn developed a [cooperative](/source/Agricultural_cooperative) of certain selected farm growers and sold rights to these members to produce the apple. It was exclusive at first to the state of Minnesota and later membership was expanded to certain qualifying farmers, mostly to growers of the northern parts of the United States. The concept of exclusive control of a variety of fruit was then a novelty in the United States, leading to lawsuits, which were later dismissed.

## Background

SweeTango apples during harvest season in [Wenatchee, Washington](/source/Wenatchee%2C_Washington).

Introduced in 1991 by the University of Minnesota, the [Honeycrisp](/source/Honeycrisp) has become one of the most popular apple varieties in the United States. However, it is also notoriously difficult to cultivate and has a taste that fades after long storage. This has led to the search for hybrids that not only appeal to consumers but are also less costly for farmers to cultivate and last longer in storage.[1] The Minneiska is a [hybrid](/source/Hybrid_(biology)) of two other apple varieties the university developed – the Honeycrisp and the Minnewashta (brand name Zestar!)[2][3] – produced by the Minneiska tree.[4] This new apple variety was given the brand name SweeTango.[5][6] It was refined by University of Minnesota in 1999 from a [grafted](/source/Grafting) tree of 1988, and released in 2006.[7] It became publicly available in 2007.[8]

The name is a [registered trademark](/source/Registered_trademark) owned by University of Minnesota. In 2000, the new apple variety was known during development by the identifier MN 1914.[5] It was created by University of Minnesota's plant development program at their Horticultural Research Center.[9]

## Agriculture

The Minneiska apple has a texture similar to its parents, the Minnewashta and Honeycrisp apples, with a slightly tart fall spicy citric quality.[10][11] The concentrated flavors are "more complex than the Honeycrisp"; author Amy Traverso compared the apple's flavor to "spiced [apple cider](/source/Apple_cider)".[12]

## Exclusive rights

Logo of the apple variety

The University of Minnesota awarded exclusive marketing rights to grow, have others raise, and sell the Minneiska apple cultivar and any mutations to Minnesota's largest apple orchard, Pepin Heights Orchards of [Lake City, Minnesota](/source/Lake_City%2C_Minnesota).[5][13][14] The orchard in turn in 2006 established a 45-member [grower's cooperative](/source/Agricultural_cooperative) named Next Big Thing. These commercial growers were originally only in the state of Minnesota.[13][14] An exception was granted to Minnesota orchard growers for plantings in very small amounts.[15][16]

The cooperative later branched out and allowed members from Michigan, Washington, New York and a few other northern states.[17] By 2010, this cooperative included farmers from Quebec and Nova Scotia, Canada.[18] The apple could not be grown by non-members. Members, who pay royalties for a license on producing the Minneiska trees, can sell the apple only through the cooperative.[13][19][20] The practice, called "managed variety" for high quality standards,[21] was a new concept to the United States when the apple was developed.[22]

The practice implementation has attracted criticism due to its development through a public research institution.[13][14][19] In 2010, a lawsuit was filed challenging the legality of University of Minnesota selling exclusive rights to the new variety.[16] However, the Fourth Judicial District Court of Minnesota ruled in 2012 that, "Minnesota’s antitrust and monopoly laws do not apply to its land-grant university."[23] The SweeTango is one of the first commercially available apple varieties to have been trademarked.[24]

## Genetics

U.S. Patent US PP18,812 P3

The trademark belongs to University of Minnesota for its apple fruit of the Minneiska cultivar.[25] The patent number was obtained on May 13, 2008, by research scientist breeders David S. Bedford and James J. Luby.[26][27] The varietal denomination Minneiska has a [Latin name](/source/Latin_name) of *[Malus domestica](/source/Malus_domestica)* and its patent says in part that it was an exclusive new cultivar that was developed using grafting techniques.[28]

In 2008, the variety was patented by the university, the same year its patent for the Honeycrisp expired in the United States.[29][30]

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-:1_1-0)** Karp, David (November 3, 2015). ["Beyond the Honeycrisp Apple"](https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/04/dining/beyond-the-honeycrisp-apple.html). *The New York Times*. Retrieved February 18, 2025.{{[cite news](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_news)}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service))

1. **[^](#cite_ref-BaltSun10_14_2009_2-0)** ["Which is the apple of your eye"](https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57196231/). *The Baltimore Sun*. Baltimore, Maryland. October 14, 2009. p. C2 – via [Newspapers.com](/source/Newspapers.com) .

1. **[^](#cite_ref-SouthtownStar10_01_2009_3-0)** Vickroy, Donna (October 1, 2009). ["The honeycrisp's amazing appeal"](https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57274095/). *Southtown Star*. Tinley Park, Illinois. p. 69 – via [Newspapers.com](/source/Newspapers.com) .

1. **[^](#cite_ref-SacBee09_20_2015_4-0)** ["Let's do the ... Organic SweeTango!"](https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57348819/). *The Sacramento Bee*. Sacramento, California. September 20, 2015. p. A19. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20201031143556/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57348819/the-sacramento-bee/) from the original on October 31, 2020. Retrieved August 14, 2020 – via [Newspapers.com](/source/Newspapers.com) .

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-harler2011_5-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-harler2011_5-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-harler2011_5-2) Harler, Curt (February 2012). ["Lawsuit over apple marketing agreement"](https://web.archive.org/web/20140203050955/http://www.growingmagazine.com/print-6483.aspx). *Growing Magazine*. Moose River Media LLC. Archived from [the original](http://www.growingmagazine.com/print-6483.aspx) on February 3, 2014. Retrieved January 19, 2014.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodler201512–13_6-0)** [Woodler 2015](#CITEREFWoodler2015), pp. 12–13.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-StarTrib09_16_2018_7-0)** Navidi, Leila (September 16, 2018). ["First Kiss was long labor of love"](https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57377854/). *Star Tribune*. Minneapolis, Minnesota. p. A15. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20201031143554/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57377854/star-tribune/) from the original on October 31, 2020. Retrieved August 15, 2020 – via [Newspapers.com](/source/Newspapers.com) .

1. **[^](#cite_ref-StarTrib09_20_2015_8-0)** Dean, Lee Svitak (September 20, 2015). ["Minnesota's apple Family Tree"](https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57250685/). *Star Tribune*. Minneapolis, Minnesota. p. E5 – via [Newspapers.com](/source/Newspapers.com) .

1. **[^](#cite_ref-reuters2011_9-0)** ["SweeTango(R) apple crop triples in 2011"](https://web.archive.org/web/20140201195757/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/08/12/idUS171823+12-Aug-2011+MW20110812). *Reuters* (Press release). August 12, 2011. Archived from [the original](https://www.reuters.com/article/2011/08/12/idUS171823+12-Aug-2011+MW20110812) on February 1, 2014. Retrieved January 19, 2014.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-ChicagoTrib09_14_2011_10-0)** Taylor, Susan (September 14, 2011). ["The age of the Apple"](https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57385350/). *Chicago Tribune*. Chicago, Illinois. p. 6-1. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20201031143603/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57385350/chicago-tribune/) from the original on October 31, 2020. Retrieved August 15, 2020 – via [Newspapers.com](/source/Newspapers.com) .

1. **[^](#cite_ref-TheHerald09_03_2009_11-0)** Navidi, Leila (September 3, 2009). ["Apple growers set to release SweeTango"](https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57385035/). *The Herald*. Jasper, Indiana. p. 19. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20201031143603/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57385035/the-herald/) from the original on October 31, 2020. Retrieved August 15, 2020 – via [Newspapers.com](/source/Newspapers.com) .

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETraverso201158_12-0)** [Traverso 2011](#CITEREFTraverso2011), p. 58.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-parker2011_13-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-parker2011_13-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-parker2011_13-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-parker2011_13-3) Parker, Rosemary (September 13, 2011). ["Better than Honeycrisp? SweeTango apples hit Michigan Meijer and Wal-Mart stores this week"](http://www.mlive.com/news/kalamazoo/index.ssf/2011/09/better_than_honeycrisp_sweetan.html). *MLive*. MLive Media Group. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20111214061503/http://www.mlive.com/news/kalamazoo/index.ssf/2011/09/better_than_honeycrisp_sweetan.html) from the original on December 14, 2011. Retrieved January 18, 2012.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-fgn-a_14-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-fgn-a_14-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-fgn-a_14-2) ["Next Big Thing is new co-op for marketing MN1914 apple"](http://fruitgrowersnews.com/index.php/magazine/article/Next-Big-Thing-Is-New-Co-op-for-Marketing-MN1914-Apple). *Fruit Growers News*. Great American Media Services. 2020. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140201150504/http://fruitgrowersnews.com/index.php/magazine/article/Next-Big-Thing-Is-New-Co-op-for-Marketing-MN1914-Apple) from the original on February 1, 2014. Retrieved August 15, 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-CrossTrib08_29_2010_15-0)** Hubbuch, Chris (August 29, 2010). ["Forbidden Fruit"](https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57198095/). *The La Crosse Tribune*. La Crosse, Wisconsin. p. 1 – via [Newspapers.com](/source/Newspapers.com) .

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-LeaderTele08_30_2010_16-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-LeaderTele08_30_2010_16-1) ["Forbidden Fruit A new apple, the SweeTango, at center of controversy"](https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57201572/). *Leader-Telegram*. Eau Claire, Wisconsin. August 30, 2010. p. A5. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20201031143557/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57201572/leader-telegram/) from the original on October 31, 2020. Retrieved August 12, 2020 – via [Newspapers.com](/source/Newspapers.com) .

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWoodler201519_17-0)** [Woodler 2015](#CITEREFWoodler2015), p. 19.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-18)** ["N.S. apple growers seek SweeTango success"](https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/n-s-apple-growers-seek-sweetango-success-1.867361). *CBC News*. December 29, 2010. Retrieved February 21, 2025.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-seabrook2011_19-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-seabrook2011_19-1) Seabrook, John (November 21, 2011). ["Crunch: Building a better apple"](http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2011/11/21/111121fa_fact_seabrook). *[The New Yorker](/source/The_New_Yorker)*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20131003053643/http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2011/11/21/111121fa_fact_seabrook) from the original on October 3, 2013. Retrieved September 26, 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-seabrook_npr_2011_20-0)** Seabrook, John (November 18, 2011). ["Crunch: 'Managed' Apple Creates A Buzz"](https://www.npr.org/2011/11/18/142518957/managed-apple-creates-a-buzz). *[All Things Considered](/source/All_Things_Considered)*. [National Public Radio](/source/National_Public_Radio). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20111119181926/https://www.npr.org/2011/11/18/142518957/managed-apple-creates-a-buzz) from the original on November 19, 2011. Retrieved May 12, 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-MinnHardy_21-0)** ["Minnesota Hardy / Sweetango"](https://mnhardy.umn.edu/varieties/fruit/apples/sweetango). University of Minnesota / Minnesota Agricultural Experimental Station, 2020. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200716191158/https://mnhardy.umn.edu/varieties/fruit/apples/sweetango) from the original on July 16, 2020. Retrieved August 14, 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-AdvoMess09_08_2009_22-0)** Karnowski, Steve (September 8, 2009). ["The Next Big Thing / Apple growers sweet on new variety"](https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57200272/). *The Advocate-Messenger*. Danville, Kentucky. p. 4. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20201031143619/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57200272/the-advocate-messenger/) from the original on October 31, 2020. Retrieved August 12, 2020 – via [Newspapers.com](/source/Newspapers.com) .

1. **[^](#cite_ref-fgn-b_23-0)** ["Litigants settle SweeTango dispute"](http://fruitgrowersnews.com/index.php/magazine/article/litigants-settle-sweetango-dispute). *Fruit Growers News*. Great American Media Services. November 2011. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140201150700/http://fruitgrowersnews.com/index.php/magazine/article/litigants-settle-sweetango-dispute) from the original on February 1, 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2014.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-24)** Drost, Philip (November 16, 2024). ["These aren't your Granny's Smiths: Why we have more apple varieties than ever before"](https://www.cbc.ca/radio/costofliving/new-apple-varieties-1.7383868). Cost of Living. *CBC News*. Retrieved February 18, 2025.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Minnesota_Hardy_25-0)** ["Minnesota Hardy, p. 26"](https://web.archive.org/web/20120322131931/http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/horticulture/components/08622-complete.pdf) (PDF). Archived from [the original](http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/horticulture/components/08622-complete.pdf) (PDF) on March 22, 2012. Retrieved January 18, 2012.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-JustiaPatents_26-0)** ["Patents by inventor David S. Bedford"](https://patents.justia.com/inventor/david-s-bedford). Justia, 2020. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20201031143556/https://patents.justia.com/inventor/david-s-bedford) from the original on October 31, 2020. Retrieved August 14, 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-BetterApple_27-0)** ["Crunch / Building a better apple by John Seabrook"](https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2011/11/21/crunch). Conde Nest, 2020. November 14, 2011. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200730011805/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2011/11/21/crunch) from the original on July 30, 2020. Retrieved August 14, 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUnited_States_Plant_Patents200810_28-0)** [United States Plant Patents 2008](#CITEREFUnited_States_Plant_Patents2008), p. 10.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-brown2009_29-0)** Brown, SK; Maloney, KE (2009). ["Making sense of new apple varieties, trademarks and clubs: current status"](https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025838/http://www.nyshs.org/pdf/fq/09fall/NYFQ-FALL-09-pp-9-12.pdf) (PDF). *New York Fruit Quarterly*. Vol. 17, no. 3. New York. pp. 9–12. Archived from [the original](http://www.nyshs.org/pdf/fq/09fall/NYFQ-FALL-09-pp-9-12.pdf) (PDF) on March 4, 2016. Retrieved January 19, 2014.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-olson2007_30-0)** Olson, Dan (October 21, 2007). ["Honeycrisp apple losing its patent protection, but not its appeal"](http://www.mprnews.org/story/2007/10/11/honeycrisp). *MPR News*. Minneapolis, MN: [Minnesota Public Radio](/source/Minnesota_Public_Radio). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140202105302/http://www.mprnews.org/story/2007/10/11/honeycrisp) from the original on February 2, 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2014.

## Sources

- Traverso, Amy (2011). [*The Apple Lover's Cookbook*](https://books.google.com/books?id=TYHhAAAAQBAJ&dq=The+sweetango+holds+up+well+in+cooking&pg=PA58). W. W. Norton and Company. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9780393241846](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780393241846).

- [*United States Plant Patents*](https://books.google.com/books?id=4olqf1Ifcv8C&q=%22Malus%20domestica%22%20). United States Patent & Trademark Office. 2008. [OCLC](/source/OCLC_(identifier)) [27833628](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/27833628).

- Woodler, Olwen (2015). [*The Apple Cookbook / 125 Freshly Picked Recipes*](https://books.google.com/books?id=b9nnCQAAQBAJ&dq=Sweetango+Minneiska+Honeycrisp++Zestar!&pg=PT12) (Third ed.). Storey Publishings. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9781612125190](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781612125190).

## Further reading

- Bouchoux, Deborah (April 21, 2008). [*Patent Law for Paralegals*](https://books.google.com/books?id=47yNKfqzOr0C&pg=PA77). Cengage Learning. p. 77. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-4180-4801-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4180-4801-3). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140626184812/http://books.google.com/books?id=47yNKfqzOr0C&pg=PA77) from the original on June 26, 2014. Retrieved October 13, 2016.

- ["Farms, orchards for picking your own apples"](https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57374339/). *The Herald-News*. Passaic, New Jersey. September 25, 2013. p. B2 – via [Newspapers.com](/source/Newspapers.com) .

- Fish, Noah (September 24, 2018). ["The Best of Both Worlds / Minnesota orchards debut First Kiss apple variety"](https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57534605/). *The Winona Daily News*. Winona, Minnesota. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20201031143615/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57534605/the-winona-daily-news/) from the original on October 31, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020 – via [Newspapers.com](/source/Newspapers.com) .

- Grayson, Katharine (January 7, 2007). ["Co–op seeks $600K to seed apple"](http://www.bizjournals.com/twincities/stories/2007/01/08/newscolumn1.html?page=all). *Minneapolis/St. Paul Business Journal*. American City Business Journals. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140228120334/http://www.bizjournals.com/twincities/stories/2007/01/08/newscolumn1.html?page=all) from the original on February 28, 2014. Retrieved January 19, 2014.

- Karnowski, Steve (September 4, 2009). ["Apple growers to release successor to Honeycrisp"](https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57262296/). *Carlsbad Current-Argus*. Carlsbad, New Mexico. p. 11. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20201031143619/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57262296/carlsbad-current-argus/) from the original on October 31, 2020. Retrieved August 13, 2020 – via [Newspapers.com](/source/Newspapers.com) .

- Karst, Tom (September 20, 2011). ["SweeTango deal intact after settlement"](https://web.archive.org/web/20140201142237/http://www.thepacker.com/fruit-vegetable-news/SweeTango-deal-intact-after-settlement-130226293.html). *The Packer*. Vance Publishing Corporation. Archived from [the original](http://www.thepacker.com/fruit-vegetable-news/SweeTango-deal-intact-after-settlement-130226293.html) on February 1, 2014. Retrieved January 19, 2014.

- Marrone, Teresa (2016). [*Dishing up Minnesota*](https://books.google.com/books?id=vpqfCgAAQBAJ&dq=Sweetango+Minneiska+Honeycrisp++Zestar!&pg=PA142). Storey Publishing. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9781612125855](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781612125855).

- Palmer, Kim (December 31, 2014). ["Looking for the next 'rock star' apple"](https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57317745/). *The Greenville News*. Greenville, South Carolina. p. D6. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20201031143558/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57317745/the-greenville-news/) from the original on October 31, 2020. Retrieved August 14, 2020 – via [Newspapers.com](/source/Newspapers.com) .

- Reiss, Marcia (2014). [*Apple*](https://books.google.com/books?id=2gswBQAAQBAJ&q=karate%20chop). Reaktion Books. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9781780233826](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781780233826).

- Schneider, Renee Jones (November 12, 2014). ["Captain crunch"](https://www.newspapers.com/clip/57383426/). *Star Tribune*. Minneapolis, Minnesota. Retrieved August 15, 2020.

- ["SweeTango – reviews & brand information"](http://www.trademarkia.com/sweetango-77262481.html). *LegalForce Trademarkia*. Trademarkia, Inc. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140202161116/http://www.trademarkia.com/sweetango-77262481.html) from the original on February 2, 2014. Retrieved January 19, 2014.

## External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to [SweeTango](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:SweeTango).

- ["The Miracle Apple"](https://www.npr.org/sections/money/2016/10/12/497697621/episode-627-the-miracle-apple) podcast at *[Planet Money](/source/Planet_Money)* (14 mins, 2016)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [SweeTango](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SweeTango) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SweeTango?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.