# Sud Express

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Overnight passenger train between Portugal and France

You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Portuguese. (December 2012) Click [show] for important translation instructions. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must follow the LLM translation guideline, revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 566 articles in the main category, and specifying|topic= will aid in categorization. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Portuguese Wikipedia article at [[:pt:Sud Expresso]]; see its history for attribution. You may also add the template {{Translated|pt|Sud Expresso}} to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

Sud Express Overview Service type Inter-city rail Status Suspended First service 21 October 1887 Last service 16 March 2020 Former operator Comboios de Portugal[1][2] Route Distance travelled 1,066 km Average journey time 12 hours, 11 minutes Service frequency Daily On-board services Catering facilities Cafe-bar Technical Track gauge 1,668 mm (5 ft 5+21⁄32 in) Track owners Adif Infraestruturas de Portugal Route diagram (1994–) Legend London Victoria London Charing Cross Dover Harbour United Kingdom France Calais-Maritime Calais-Ville Boulogne-sur-Mer Pierrefitte-sur-Seine Paris-Orléans Paris-Nord Paris-Orsay Aubrais-Orléans Orléans Tours (Saint-Pierre-des-Corps) Poitiers Angoulême Bordeaux-Saint-Jean Lamothe Morcenx Bayonne Biarritz-la-Négresse Saint-Jean-de-Luz - Ciboure 0 km Hendaye 0.5 km France Spain 2 km Irun 2 km San Sebastián 75 km Zumarraga 148 km Vitoria-Gasteiz 181 km Miranda de Ebro 265 km Burgos-Rosa de Lima 353 km Venta de Baños 390 km Valladolid-Campo Grande 432 km Medina del Campo El Escorial Lusitania to Madrid-Chamartín Madrid-Norte Madrid-Delicias 509 km Salamanca 601 km Ciudad Rodrigo 632 km Fuentes de Oñoro Valencia de Alcántara 633 km Spain Portugal 633.5 km Vilar Formoso 679 km Guarda 703 km Vila Franca das Naves 717 km Celorico da Beira 757 km Mangualde Torre das Vargens 768 km Nelas 799 km Santa Comba Dão 826 km Luso-Buçaco 834 km Pampilhosa 848 km Coimbra-B 896 km Pombal 927 km Caxarias 960 km Entroncamento 1059 km Lisbon-Oriente 1066 km Lisbon-Santa Apolónia Lisbon-Rossio Estoril Campolide This diagram: view talk edit

The ***Sud Express*** (also called ***Surexpreso***[3] Spanish: [\[suɾeɣsˈpɾeso\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish) and ***Sud Expresso***[4] Portuguese: [\[suðɨʃˈpɾesu\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese)) was an overnight passenger train connecting [Paris](/source/Paris) with [Lisbon](/source/Lisbon) and [Madrid](/source/Madrid), and which originally was operated by the [Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits](/source/Compagnie_Internationale_des_Wagons-Lits) and ran north of Paris to [Calais](/source/Calais). After 1994, the *Sud Express* connected Lisboa with [Hendaye](/source/Hendaye), a French commune on the [Franco-Spanish border](/source/France%E2%80%93Spain_border). In 1957, [Reuters](/source/Reuters) called it "one of Europe's fastest and most famous trains".[5]

For most of the train's history, it was operated in two sections, with passengers needing to change between trainsets at the French–Spanish border because a [break of gauge](/source/Break_of_gauge) there prevented [through](/source/Through_car) operation, but from June 1973 to May 1994 the *Sud Express* carried through [couchette cars](/source/Couchette_car) between Paris and Lisbon (the Madrid section having been dropped in 1973), thanks to the introduction of cars with [bogies](/source/Bogie) (wheelsets) that could be adjusted at the border for the change of gauge.[6] Passengers in sitting cars still had to change trains at the border.

The *Sud Express* carried [Pullman](/source/Pullman_(car_or_coach)) (luxury class) cars exclusively until 1933, when first-class cars were added.[5] It ran without any stops on its Paris–[Bordeaux](/source/Bordeaux) section, which in 1964 was the world's longest non-stop train journey, covering 579.0 km (359.8 mi).[7]

The service was suspended in March 2020 due to the outbreak of the [COVID-19 pandemic](/source/COVID-19_pandemic), but is set to return eventually in the near future.

## History

The dining car of the Sud Express in 1887

The inaugural trip of the *Sud Express* took place on 21 October 1887 connecting [Lisbon](/source/Lisbon) via [Madrid](/source/Madrid) to [Paris](/source/Paris) in 45 hours[8] and services were extended on 4 November 1887 to [Calais](/source/Calais). By 1900, the cars to and from Lisbon were uncoupled from the Paris–Madrid cars at [Medina del Campo](/source/Medina_del_Campo), no longer going via Madrid and thereby shortening the journey time between Paris and Lisbon.

For most of the train's history (until 1973), all passengers had to change trains at the French–Spanish border because the two countries used different [track gauges](/source/Track_gauge), and the [break of gauge](/source/Break_of_gauge) made it impossible for trains to run through between the two countries.

Initially, the service was weekly, but in 1888 was run twice weekly and from [London Charing Cross](/source/Charing_Cross_railway_station). Also in 1888, the British [Royal Mail](/source/Royal_Mail) launched connecting package services from Lisbon to Rio de la Plata and Brazil.[9] The service frequency increased further and on 1 January 1907 started to run daily.

In the 1930s, the [Spanish Civil War](/source/Spanish_Civil_War) caused the service to be suspended more than once, including from the war's outbreak (in 1936) until 5 November 1937[10] and again from 11 December 1937[11] to 1 August 1939. It was again suspended on 1 November 1940 due to [World War II](/source/World_War_II). It restarted between Paris and Lisbon in March 1945[12] and soon also again to Madrid.

The train carried only [Pullman](/source/Pullman_(car_or_coach)) cars (luxury-class [lounge cars](/source/Lounge_car) and [sleeping cars](/source/Sleeping_car)) until 1933, when first-class cars – a lower class than Pullman – were added.[5] By at least 1949, the French portion of the train was also carrying some cars with second-class and third-class compartments, along with first-class and Pullman-class cars.[13] And by 1954, third class had been discontinued but the *Sud Express* was carrying some cars with second-class compartments on the Spanish and Portuguese portion also, with Pullman-class cars still in use only on the French portion.[14] In 1957, [Reuters](/source/Reuters) called it "one of Europe's fastest and most famous trains".[5] By that time, its average speed between Paris and Hendaye had been increased to 105 km/h (65 mph).[5]

Starting in 1953,[15]: 62 the *Sud Express* operated non-stop between Paris and [Bordeaux](/source/Bordeaux), which in 1964 (at least) was the longest non-stop train journey in the world, covering a distance of 579.0 km (359.8 mi).[7] Its scheduled average speed in 1964 was 121.0 kilometres per hour (75.2 mph), which at the time was only 15.6 km/h (9.7 mph) slower than the fastest train in all of Europe.[7] The train's typical [consist](/source/Consist) was long, with up to 17 cars.[16]

By 1973, the *Sud Express*'s Madrid section had been discontinued,[6] following the June 1969 introduction of a new train, *Puerta del Sol*, providing through overnight sleeping-car service between Paris and Madrid.[17]

However, in 1973, the *Sud Express* became able to carry [through cars](/source/Through_car) over its entire route, now only Paris–Lisbon, thanks to the introduction of [couchette cars](/source/Couchette_car) fitted with [variable-gauge](/source/Variable_gauge) wheelsets.[6] *[Cooks Continental Timetable](/source/Thomas_Cook_European_Timetable)* explained that, "At Hendaye, the through couchettes Paris–Lisbon and v.v. are jacked up to change the [bogies](/source/Bogie) on account of the difference in track gauge between France and Spain." Sitting cars and full [sleeping cars](/source/Sleeping_car) continued to run in two separate sections, with passengers having to change at Hendaye or Irun.[6] Through couchette cars running between Paris and [Porto](/source/Porto) were added in summer 1974,[18] followed in June 1975 by Paris–[Ourense](/source/Ourense),[19] the latter being extended to [Vigo](/source/Vigo) in 1977.[20]

## Events

A 1939 crash near [Tolosa, Spain](/source/Tolosa%2C_Spain) on 29 March killed, amongst others, the artist [Romilly Fedden](/source/Romilly_Fedden) and his novelist wife [Katharine Waldo Douglas](/source/Katharine_Waldo_Douglas).[21]

On 11 September 1985, a *Sud Express* train [collided head-on with another train near Moimenta-Alcafache station](/source/Moimenta-Alcafache_train_crash). The locomotives exploded and the train, carrying about 400 passengers, immediately caught fire. Forty-nine deaths were officially confirmed, most caused by the fire, although unofficial estimates put the number of deaths between 100 and 150. A memorial was erected on site.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

## Late 20th century to 2020

The carriage-side nameboard of the *Sud Express* in 2008

The complimentary gifts which greeted first-class passengers in their sleeping compartments on the *Sud Express* (2008)

'Racing snail' locomotive with *Sud Express*

With the 1994 introduction of [LGV Atlantique](/source/LGV_Atlantique) service from Paris to Irún and from Hendaye (the twin border towns on opposite sides of the French/Spanish border), the through *Sud Express* service was discontinued in favour of a (faster) combination of two different trains. The original connection from and to Paris was then made with one [TGV](/source/TGV) to Irun and from Hendaye.

The continuing *Sud Express* ran as a night train from [Irun](/source/Irun) at the French/Spanish border to Lisbon and from Lisbon to [Hendaye](/source/Hendaye). Until April 2010, facilities existed for second-class seated accommodation, second-class couchette cars (6-bunk compartments), and first-class private sleeping compartments for 1, 2 or 3 passengers.

Previously, first-class passengers found a bar of chocolate and a small bottle of port in their compartments upon boarding the train, with dinner served in a well-appointed dining and bar car, and a continental breakfast the following morning.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*] However, by 2019 the full restaurant car and catering had been replaced by a cafe-bar car.[22]

The train consisted of a [Talgo IV](/source/Talgo) set hired from [Renfe](/source/Renfe) hauled by a [RENFE Class 252](/source/RENFE_Class_252) between the Irún/Hendaye and Medina del Campo, a [RENFE Class 334](/source/RENFE_Class_334) between [Medina del Campo](/source/Medina_del_Campo) and [Vilar Formoso](/source/Vilar_Formoso) and a [CP Class 5600](/source/CP_Class_5600) between Vilar Formoso and Lisbon.

The Portuguese government's strategic plan for transport, published in October 2011, envisaged the withdrawal of the *Sud Express*. In October 2012, CP started an Intercity (later downgraded to InterRegional) service between Porto and Coimbra in order to improve the connection between the *Sud Express* and northern Portugal.[23] Also from October 2012, this train was operated by [CP-Comboios de Portugal](/source/Comboios_de_Portugal).

After 25 April 2018, the southbound *Sud Express* started at Hendaye (instead of Irún), due to the lack of proper certification from the new fleet of [TGV 2N2](/source/Euroduplex) operating on the [LGV SEA](/source/LGV_Sud_Europe_Atlantique).

## Suspension due to COVID-19 pandemic

The service was suspended on 17 March 2020, due to the [COVID-19 pandemic](/source/COVID-19_pandemic), but has not resumed.[24][25][26] In March 2021, a representative of the Spanish transport ministry said that the country may stop having night trains even after the end of the coronavirus pandemic.[27]

## Return to service in 2025

In November 2024, a proposal by the [LIVRE Party](/source/LIVRE) to resume the *Sud Express* service between Portugal and Spain was approved. As of late 2024, the Portuguese and Spanish governments were negotiating its return to service in the first half of 2025.[28][29][30]

## See also

- [Lists of named passenger trains](/source/Lists_of_named_passenger_trains)

- [Nord Express](/source/Nord_Express)

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-sud-2012_1-0)** Carlos Cipriano (28 September 2012). ["Sud Expresso e Lusitânia Expresso passam a comboio único a partir de 3 de Outubro"](https://www.publico.pt/2012/09/28/economia/noticia/sud-expresso-e-lusitania-expresso-passam-a-comboio-unico-a-partir-de-4-de-outubro-1564987). *[Público](/source/P%C3%BAblico_(Portugal))* (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-05-26.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-sud-2020_2-0)** Diogo Ferreira Nunes (10 September 2020). ["Regresso do comboio-hotel cada vez mais longe: CP devolve material"](https://www.dinheirovivo.pt/outras/regresso-do-comboio-hotel-cada-vez-mais-longe-cp-devolve-material/). *Dinheiro Vivo* (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-09-12.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** ["Trenhotel Surexpreso"](http://www.renfe.com/EN/viajeros/viajes_internacionales/compra_surexpreso.html). *Renfe*. Retrieved 12 September 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** ["Sud Expresso - Lisboa >> Hendaye"](https://www.cp.pt/passageiros/pt/como-viajar/sud-expresso). *CP - Comboios de Portugal*. Retrieved 12 September 2019.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Reuters-NYT-1957_5-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Reuters-NYT-1957_5-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Reuters-NYT-1957_5-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-Reuters-NYT-1957_5-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-Reuters-NYT-1957_5-4) ["The Sud Express Marks 70th Year: Famed European Train Has Carried a Host of Notables Southward From Paris"](https://www.nytimes.com/1957/06/09/archives/the-sud-express-marks-70th-year-famed-european-train-has-carried-a.html). *[The New York Times](/source/The_New_York_Times)*. [Reuters](/source/Reuters). 9 June 1957. p. S13. Retrieved 21 April 2024.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-cooks1973sep_6-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-cooks1973sep_6-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-cooks1973sep_6-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-cooks1973sep_6-3) "Table 24 (Summer) – Sud Express". *[Cooks Continental Timetable](/source/Thomas_Cook_European_Timetable)* (September 30–October 31, 1973 edition), p. 75. London: [Thomas Cook & Son, Ltd.](/source/Thomas_Cook_%26_Son)

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-trains65_7-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-trains65_7-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-trains65_7-2) Steffee, Donald M. (June 1965). "Japan Takes the Blue Ribbon at 86.7 mph!". *[Trains](/source/Trains_(magazine))*. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: [Kalmbach Publishing](/source/Kalmbach_Publishing). pp. 20–31.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** ["London Gossip"](https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000321/18871110/004/0002). *[Nottingham Evening Post](/source/Nottingham_Post)*. England. 10 November 1887. Retrieved 8 September 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** ["The International Sleeper Car Company"](https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000098/18880326/018/0010). *[Pall Mall Gazette](/source/Pall_Mall_Gazette)*. England. 26 March 1888. Retrieved 8 September 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-NYT-1937_10-0)** ["Sud Express Runs Again"](https://www.nytimes.com/1937/11/06/archives/sud-express-runs-again-crack-train-linking-paris-with-spain-and.html?searchResultPosition=1). *[The New York Times](/source/The_New_York_Times)*. 6 November 1937. p. 2. Retrieved 21 April 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** ["Spain Frontier Closed"](https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000540/19371211/161/0014). *[The Scotsman](/source/The_Scotsman)*. England. 11 December 1937. Retrieved 8 September 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** ["Lisbon-Paris Train Again"](https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000650/19450321/015/0001). *[Liverpool Daily Post](/source/Liverpool_Daily_Post)*. England. 21 March 1945. Retrieved 8 September 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-cooks1949apr_13-0)** "Table 32 – Sud Express". *[Cook's Continental Time-Table](/source/Thomas_Cook_European_Timetable)*, 3 April – 14 May 1949 issue, p. 95. [Thomas Cook & Son, Ltd.](/source/Thomas_Cook_%26_Son%2C_Ltd.)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-cooks1954may_14-0)** "Table 32 – Sud Express". *[Cook's Continental Time-Table](/source/Thomas_Cook_European_Timetable)*, 23 May – 17 June 1954 issue, p. 66. [Thomas Cook & Son, Ltd.](/source/Thomas_Cook_%26_Son%2C_Ltd.)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Vockrodt_15-0)** Vockrodt, Stefan (2015). "Mistral, Capitol und andere Legenden. Berühmte Züge von, nach und über Paris". *Eisenbahnen in Paris: Eisenbahngeschichte Spezial 2* (in German). Deutsche Gesellschaft für Eisenbahngeschichte e.V. pp. 60–67. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-3-937189-94-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-937189-94-9).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-nock1978_16-0)** [Nock, O.S.](/source/O._S._Nock) (1978). "The Aquitaine: Pioneer of electric power". *World Atlas of Railways*. New York: Mayflower Books (original publisher: Artists House, London, UK). p. 121. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-8317-9500-X](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8317-9500-X).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-cooks1969jun_17-0)** "Stop Press [news]", p. 106, and "Table 43 – Puerta del Sol", p. 72". *[Cooks Continental Timetable](/source/Thomas_Cook_European_Timetable)* (June 1969 edition). London: [Thomas Cook & Son, Ltd](/source/Thomas_Cook_%26_Son). Excerpt (from table 43): "At Hendaye, the through sleeping cars Paris–Madrid and v.v. are jacked up to change the [bogies](/source/Bogie) on account of the difference in track gauge between France and Spain."

1. **[^](#cite_ref-cooks1974mar-apr_18-0)** "Summer services, 1974", p. 465, and "Table 28 (Summer) – Sud Express", p. 473. *[Cooks Continental Timetable](/source/Thomas_Cook_European_Timetable)* (March 29–April 25, 1974 edition). London: [Thomas Cook & Son, Ltd.](/source/Thomas_Cook_%26_Son)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-cooks1975_19-0)** "Editorial [service changes or other news]", p. 6, and "Table 28 – Sud Express", p. 76. *[Thomas Cook Continental Timetable](/source/Thomas_Cook_European_Timetable)* (June 1975 edition). Peterborough, UK: [Thomas Cook Publishing](/source/Thomas_Cook_%26_Son).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-cooks1977may-june_20-0)** "Editorial [service changes or other news]", p. 6, and "Table 28 – Sud Express", p. 78. *[Thomas Cook International Timetable](/source/Thomas_Cook_European_Timetable)* (May 22–June 30, 1977 edition). Peterborough, UK: [Thomas Cook Publishing](/source/Thomas_Cook_%26_Son). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0141-2701](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0141-2701).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-21)** [NYT obit, April 8, 1939](https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1939/04/08/91562063.pdf)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-22)** Smith, Mark (2019). ["Lisbon by Sud Express"](https://web.archive.org/web/20190213064157/https://www.seat61.com/trains-and-routes/sud-express-from-irun-and-san-sebastian-to-lisbon.htm). *[The Man in Seat Sixty-One](/source/The_Man_in_Seat_Sixty-One)*. Archived from [the original](https://www.seat61.com/trains-and-routes/sud-express-from-irun-and-san-sebastian-to-lisbon.htm) on 13 February 2019. Retrieved 20 April 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-23)** [CP website - Sud Express](https://www.cp.pt/cp/displayPage.do?vgnextoid=1bae6e29d6b74010VgnVCM1000007b01a8c0RCRD)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-ERTT-2020-summer_24-0)** "What's new this month". *[European Rail Timetable](/source/European_Rail_Timetable)* (Summer 2020 edition), pp. 5, 562. UK: European Rail Timetable Ltd. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-9957998-7-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9957998-7-5).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-25)** ["CP retoma comboio para Espanha e França assim que fronteira reabrir"](https://web.archive.org/web/20231218225912/https://www.dn.pt/dinheiro/cp-retoma-comboio-para-espanha-e-franca-assim-que-fronteira-reabrir-12273333.html/) [CP resumes train to Spain and France as soon as the border reopens]. *[Diário de Notícias](/source/Di%C3%A1rio_de_Not%C3%ADcias)* (in Portuguese). 3 June 2020. Archived from [the original](https://www.dn.pt/dinheiro/cp-retoma-comboio-para-espanha-e-franca-assim-que-fronteira-reabrir-12273333.html) on 18 December 2023. Retrieved 20 April 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Seat61-London-Portugal_26-0)** Smith, Mark. ["How to travel by train from London to Portugal"](https://www.seat61.com/Portugal.htm). *[The Man in Seat Sixty-One](/source/The_Man_in_Seat_Sixty-One)*. Retrieved 21 April 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-27)** Ferreira Nunes, Diogo (19 April 2021). ["Regresso do comboio internacional "exige acordo" entre Portugal e Espanha"](https://www.dinheirovivo.pt/empresas/regresso-do-comboio-internacional-exige-acordo-entre-portugal-e-espanha-13587753.html) [Return of the international train 'requires agreement' between Portugal and Spain] (in Portuguese). [Dinheiro Vivo](https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinheiro_Vivo).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-28)** ["Portugal-Spain night train to resume"](https://www.theportugalnews.com/news/2024-11-28/portugal-spain-night-train-to-resume/93880). *www.theportugalnews.com*. 28 November 2024. Retrieved 2025-01-07.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-29)** Mokrani, Farah (30 November 2024). ["Portugal-Spain Night Train returns in 2025"](https://euroweeklynews.com/2024/11/30/portugal-and-spain-set-to-revive-night-train-services-by-2025/). *[EuroWeekly News](/source/EuroWeekly_News)*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20241201012224/https://euroweeklynews.com/2024/11/30/portugal-and-spain-set-to-revive-night-train-services-by-2025/) from the original on 1 December 2024. Retrieved 2025-01-07.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-30)** Wintle, Thomas (3 December 2024). ["The return of Spain-Portugal night trains by next year?"](https://www.railtech.com/all/2024/12/03/the-return-of-spain-portugal-night-trains-by-next-year/). *RailTech.com*. Retrieved 2025-01-07.

## External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to [Sud-Express](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sud-Express).

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