# Suction pressure

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**Suction pressure** is also called Diffusion Pressure Deficit. If some solute is dissolved in solvent, its diffusion pressure decreases. The difference between diffusion pressure of pure solvent and solution is called diffusion pressure deficit (DPD). It is a reduction in the diffusion pressure of solvent in the solution over its pure state due to the presence of solutes in it and forces opposing diffusion.

When a plant cell is placed in a [hypotonic](/source/Hypotonic) solution, water enters into a cell by [endosmosis](/source/Endosmosis) and as a result [turgor pressure](/source/Turgor_pressure) (TP) develops in the cell. The cell membrane becomes stretched and the [osmotic pressure](/source/Osmotic_pressure) (OP) of the cell decreases. As the cell absorbs more and more water its turgor pressure increases and osmotic pressure decreases. When a cell is fully turgid, its OP is equal to TP and DPD is zero. Turgid cells cannot absorb any more water. Thus, with reference to plant cells, the DPD can be described as the actual thirst of a cell for water[1] and can be expressed as :

DPD = OP-TP

Thus it is DPD that tends to equate and represents the water-absorbing ability of a cell, it is also called suction force (SF) or suction pressure (SP). The actual pressure with which a cell absorbs water is called "suction pressure".

## Factors affecting DPD

- DPD is directly proportional to the height of the plant, tree or organism.[2]
- DPD is governed by two factors i.e. turgor pressure and osmotic pressure. Turgor pressure can be denoted as wall pressure in some cases.
- DPD is directly proportional to the concentration of the solution. DPD decreases with dilution of the solution.[2]

## History

The term diffusion pressure deficit (DPD) was coined by [B.S. Meyer](/source/B.S._Meyer) in 1938.[3] Originally DPD was described as suction pressure by German botanist [Otto Renner](/source/Otto_Renner) in 1915.[4]

## Refrigeration

In [refrigeration](/source/Refrigeration) and [air conditioning](/source/Air_conditioning) systems, the *suction pressure'* (also called the low-side pressure) is the intake pressure generated by the system compressor while operating. The suction pressure, along with the suction temperature the [wet bulb temperature](/source/Wet_bulb_temperature) of the discharge air are used to determine the correct refrigerant charge in a system.

## Further reading

1. [The measurement of Diffusion Pressure Deficit in plants by the method of Vapour Equilibrium (By R. O. SLATYER, 1958)](http://www.publish.csiro.au/bi/pdf/bi9580349)

## References

1. ["Definition of DIFFUSION PRESSURE DEFICIT"](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/diffusion+pressure+deficit). *www.merriam-webster.com*. Retrieved 2022-05-18.

1. Beck WA (October 1928). "Osmotic Pressure, Osmotic Value, and Suction Tension". *Plant Physiology*. **3** (4): 413–440. [doi:10.1104/pp.3.4.413](https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.3.4.413). [PMC 440022](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC440022). [PMID 16652580](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16652580)

1. Meyer BS (1956). "Wall and turgor pressure and tension. Diffusion pressure deficit or suction force". *Allgemeine Physiologie der Pflanzenzelle / General Physiology of the Plant Cell*. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. pp. 38–56. [doi:10.1007/978-3-642-94676-9_4](https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-94676-9_4). ISBN 978-3-642-94676-9.

1. Kochhar SL (2020). *Plant physiology theory and applications*. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 634. ISBN 978-1-108-96347-3. [OCLC 1289809865](https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1289809865)

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