# Substitutionism

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{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{short description|Term in Marxist theory}}
{{Trotskyism|concepts}}
'''Substitutionism''' is a term in [Marxist](/source/Marxism) theory which refers to the relationship between the [revolutionary party](/source/Vanguard_party) and the [working class](/source/Proletariat), in which the party acts on behalf of the working class rather than through its direct participation. The concept is used by Marxist critics to describe a departure from the Marxist principle that the emancipation of the working class must be carried out by itself.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1879/09/17.htm|title=Strategy and Tactics of the Class Struggle|website=[Marxist Internet Archive](/source/Marxist_Internet_Archive)|last=Engels|first=Friedrich|author-link=Friedrich Engels|date=September 17–18, 1879|access-date=August 19, 2010}}</ref> The term was coined by [Leon Trotsky](/source/Leon_Trotsky) in 1904 as a critique of [Vladimir Lenin’s](/source/Vladimir_Lenin) conception of the party, arguing that it risked sidelining the working class in favor of party leadership.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.marxists.org/archive/cliff/works/1960/xx/trotsub.htm|title=Trotsky on substitutionism|last=Cliff|first=Tony|author-link=Tony Cliff|journal=[International Socialism](/source/International_Socialism_(magazine))|issue=2|pages=14–17, 22–26|year=1960|access-date=August 19, 2010|issn=1754-4653}}</ref>

==See also==
*[Castroism](/source/Castroism)
*[Maoism](/source/Maoism)
*[Permanent revolution](/source/Permanent_revolution)
*[Stalinism](/source/Stalinism)
*[State capitalism](/source/State_capitalism)
*[Two Stage Theory](/source/Two_Stage_Theory)
*[Vanguardism](/source/Vanguardism)

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Country study}}
{{cite web |title=A Country Study: Soviet Union (Former). |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/cshome.html|accessdate=2006-12-04}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book|last=Trotsky|first=Leon|author-link=Leon Trotsky|year=1904|chapter=Tactical Tasks: The content of our activity in the proletariat|title=[Our Political Tasks](/source/Our_Political_Tasks)|location=London|publisher=New Park Publications|oclc=657979984|chapter-url=https://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/1904/tasks/ch03.htm}}

{{Marxist & Communist phraseology}}

Category:Communist terminology
Category:Political theories
Category:Political parties
Category:Trotskyism

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