# Subphylum

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{{Short description|Taxonomic rank}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2021}}
{{Biological classification}}
In [zoological nomenclature](/source/zoological_nomenclature), a '''subphylum''' is a [taxonomic rank](/source/taxonomic_rank) below the rank of [phylum](/source/phylum).

The taxonomic rank of "[subdivision](/source/subdivision_(rank))" in [fungi](/source/fungi) and [plant taxonomy](/source/plant_taxonomy) is equivalent to "subphylum" in zoological taxonomy. Some plant taxonomists have also used the rank of subphylum, for instance [monocotyledons](/source/monocotyledons) as a subphylum of phylum [Angiospermae](/source/Angiospermae) and [vertebrates](/source/vertebrates) as a subphylum of phylum [Chordata](/source/Chordata).{{sfn|Hutchinson|1973}}

== Taxonomic rank ==
Subphylum is:
#subordinate to the [phylum](/source/phylum) 
#superordinate to the '''infraphylum''', which is in turn superordinate to '''parvphylum'''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cavalier-Smith |first=Thomas |date=2016-10-01 |title=Higher classification and phylogeny of Euglenozoa |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0932473916300839?via=ihub |journal=European Journal of Protistology |volume=56 |pages=250–276 |doi=10.1016/j.ejop.2016.09.003 |issn=0932-4739|doi-access=free }}</ref>

Where convenient, subphyla in turn can be divided into '''infraphyla'''; in turn such an '''infraphylum''' also would be superordinate to any classes or superclasses in the [hierarchy](/source/hierarchy).

== Examples ==
Not all fauna phyla are divided into subphyla. Those that are include: 
*[Arthropod](/source/Arthropod)a: divided into subphyla [Trilobitomorpha](/source/Trilobitomorpha), [Chelicerata](/source/Chelicerata), [Myriapoda](/source/Myriapoda), and [Pancrustacea](/source/Pancrustacea)
*[Brachiopoda](/source/Brachiopoda): divided into subphyla [Linguliformea](/source/Linguliformea), [Craniformea](/source/Craniformea) and [Rhynchonelliformea](/source/Rhynchonelliformea)
*[Chordata](/source/Chordata): divided into [Tunicata](/source/Tunicate), [Cephalochordata](/source/Lancelet), and its largest subphylum [Vertebrata](/source/Vertebrata)

Examples of '''infraphyla''' include the [Mycetozoa](/source/Mycetozoa), the [Gnathostomata](/source/Gnathostomata) and the [Agnatha](/source/Agnatha).

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book|last=Hutchinson|first=John|author-link=John Hutchinson (botanist)|title=The families of flowering plants, arranged according to a new system based on their probable phylogeny. 2 vols|date=1973|edition=3rd|publisher=[Oxford University Press](/source/Oxford_University_Press)}}
{{refend}}

{{Taxonomic ranks}}

Category:Subphyla
Category:Taxonomic ranks
rank03

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