# Strumaria > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Strumaria > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Strumaria.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strumaria > Source revision: 1270843591 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{Short description|Genus of plants}} {{Automatic taxobox |image = Strumaria watermeyeri01.jpg |image_caption = ''[Strumaria watermeyeri](/source/Strumaria_watermeyeri)'', in habitat near [Nieuwoudtville](/source/Nieuwoudtville), South Africa |taxon = Strumaria |authority=[Jacq.](/source/Jacq.) |synonyms_ref = {{Citation |title=''Strumaria''|work=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families |publisher=[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew](/source/Royal_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Kew) |url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=288060|accessdate=2013-09-03}} |synonyms= * ''Carpolyza'' Salisb. * ''Hessea'' P.J.Bergius ex Schltdl. 1826, rejected homononym not Herb. 1837 * ''Nesynstylis'' Raf. * ''Eudolon'' Salisb. * ''Gemmaria'' Salisb. * ''Hymenetron'' Salisb. * ''Pugionella'' Salisb. * ''Stylago'' Salisb. * ''Bokkeveldia'' D.Müll.-Doblies & U.Müll.-Doblies * ''Tedingea'' D.Müll.-Doblies & U.Müll.-Doblies |type_species = ''[Strumaria truncata](/source/Strumaria_truncata)'' [Jacq.](/source/Jacq.) }} [[File:Hessea gemmata1.jpg|thumb|''[Strumaria gemmata](/source/Strumaria_gemmata)'' in cultivation]] '''''Strumaria''''' is a genus of African [plant](/source/plant)s in [Amaryllis family](/source/Amaryllidaceae), subfamily [Amaryllidoideae](/source/Amaryllidoideae).{{citation |last=Stevens |first=P.F. |title=Angiosperm Phylogeny Website: Asparagales: Amaryllidoideae |url=http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/orders/asparagalesweb.htm#AllAma }} The genus is known in nature only from [South Africa](/source/South_Africa), [Lesotho](/source/Lesotho) and [Namibia](/source/Namibia).{{citation |last1=Germishuizen |first1=G. |last2=Meyer |first2=N.L. |date=2003 |title=Plants of Southern Africa: an annotated checklist |journal=Strelitzia |volume=14 |issue=i-vi |pages=1–1231 |publisher=National Botanical Institute, Pretoria}} Almost all species flower in the autumn and are cultivated as [ornamental bulbous plant](/source/ornamental_bulbous_plant)s. ==Description== Species of ''Strumaria'' are [deciduous](/source/deciduous) [bulbous plants](/source/bulb). Their bulbs are generally small, around {{cvt|7|–|35|mm|in|1}} in diameter with a fibrous bulb tunic. Usually two leaves are produced, although there may be up to six. The flowers generally appear in the autumn with the arrival of the rains; the leaves may appear before, with, or after the flowers. The [inflorescence](/source/inflorescence) is {{cvt|20|–|40|cm|in|0}} tall, with an [umbel](/source/umbel) of two to 30 flowers, generally carried on long [pedicels](/source/Pedicel_(botany)). Most species have white flowers, although they may also be pink or yellow. The six [stamen](/source/stamen)s are joined to the [style](/source/Stigma_(botany)), at least at the base. ''Strumaria'' is distinguished from other genera in the family Amaryllidaceae by the presence of a thickening at the base of the style, except in ''[Strumaria spiralis](/source/Strumaria_spiralis)'', previously placed in its own genus ''Carpolyza''. The seeds are reddish-green when ripe, with a diameter of {{cvt|2|–|5|mm|in|1}}. When dry, the fruiting heads detach from the [scape](/source/Scape_(botany)) and are rolled away by the wind, thus dispersing the seeds. ==Taxonomy== It was published by [Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin](/source/Nikolaus_Joseph_von_Jacquin) in 1797.''Strumaria'' Jacq. (n.d.). Plants of the World Online. Retrieved January 21, 2025, from https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1646-1 The lectotype species is ''Strumaria truncata'' {{small|Jacq.}}Missouri Botanical Garden. (n.d.-i). ''Strumaria'' Jacq. Tropicos. Retrieved January 21, 2025, from https://www.tropicos.org/name/100262858 ===Species=== Accepted ({{As of|2022|April|lc=yes}}):{{Citation |contribution=Search for ''Strumaria''|title=[World Checklist of Selected Plant Families](/source/World_Checklist_of_Selected_Plant_Families) |publisher=[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew](/source/Royal_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Kew) |contribution-url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/qsearch.do?plantName=Strumaria |accessdate=2022-04-02 }}[http://redlist.sanbi.org/search.php?sppsearch=Strumaria+ South African National Biodiversity Institute, Red List of South African Plants, genus ''Strumaria''] {{Div col}} * ''[Strumaria aestivalis](/source/Strumaria_aestivalis)'' [Snijman](/source/Dierdr%C3%A9_A._Snijman) – [Northern Cape Province](/source/Northern_Cape) * ''[Strumaria argillicola](/source/Strumaria_argillicola)'' G.D.Duncan – Northern Cape Province * ''[Strumaria barbarae](/source/Strumaria_barbarae)'' Oberm. – [Namibia](/source/Namibia), Northern Cape Province * ''[Strumaria bidentata](/source/Strumaria_bidentata)'' Schinz – Namibia, Northern Cape Province * ''[Strumaria chaplinii](/source/Strumaria_chaplinii)'' (W.F.Barker) Snijman – [Western Cape Province](/source/Western_Cape) * ''[Strumaria discifera](/source/Strumaria_discifera)'' Marloth ex Snijman – Western Cape Province, Northern Cape Province * ''[Strumaria gemmata](/source/Strumaria_gemmata)'' Ker Gawl. – Western Cape Province, Northern Cape Province, [Eastern Cape Province](/source/Eastern_Cape), [Free State](/source/Free_State_(province)) * ''[Strumaria hardyana](/source/Strumaria_hardyana)'' D.Müll.-Doblies & U.Müll.-Doblies – [Namibia](/source/Namibia) * ''[Strumaria karooica](/source/Strumaria_karooica)'' (W.F.Barker) Snijman – Western Cape Province, Northern Cape Province * ''[Strumaria karoopoortensis](/source/Strumaria_karoopoortensis)'' (D.Müll.-Doblies & U.Müll.-Doblies) Snijman – Western Cape Province, Northern Cape Province * ''[Strumaria leipoldtii](/source/Strumaria_leipoldtii)'' (L.Bolus) Snijman – Western Cape Province * ''[Strumaria luteoloba](/source/Strumaria_luteoloba)'' Snijman – Namibia, Northern Cape Province * ''[Strumaria massoniella](/source/Strumaria_massoniella)'' (D.Müll.-Doblies & U.Müll.-Doblies) Snijman – Northern Cape Province * ''[Strumaria merxmuelleriana](/source/Strumaria_merxmuelleriana)'' (D.Müll.-Doblies & U.Müll.-Doblies) Snijman – Northern Cape Province * ''[Strumaria perryae](/source/Strumaria_perryae)'' Snijman – Northern Cape Province * ''[Strumaria phonolithica](/source/Strumaria_phonolithica)'' Dinter – Namibia * ''[Strumaria picta](/source/Strumaria_picta)'' W.F.Barker – Northern Cape Province * ''[Strumaria prolifera](/source/Strumaria_prolifera)'' Snijman – Northern Cape Province * ''[Strumaria pubescens](/source/Strumaria_pubescens)'' W.F.Barker – Western Cape Province, Northern Cape Province * ''[Strumaria pygmaea](/source/Strumaria_pygmaea)'' Snijman – Western Cape Province, Northern Cape Province * ''[Strumaria salteri](/source/Strumaria_salteri)'' W.F.Barker – Western Cape Province * ''[Strumaria speciosa](/source/Strumaria_speciosa)'' Snijman – Namibia * ''[Strumaria spiralis](/source/Strumaria_spiralis)'' (L'Hér.) W.T.Aiton – Western Cape Province * ''[Strumaria tenella](/source/Strumaria_tenella)'' (L.f.) Snijman – Western Cape Province, Northern Cape Province, [Lesotho](/source/Lesotho) * ''[Strumaria truncata](/source/Strumaria_truncata)'' Jacq. – Western Cape Province, Northern Cape Province, Namibia * ''[Strumaria unguiculata](/source/Strumaria_unguiculata)'' (W.F.Barker) Snijman – Western Cape Province, Northern Cape Province * ''[Strumaria villosa](/source/Strumaria_villosa)'' Snijman – Northern Cape Province * ''[Strumaria watermeyeri](/source/Strumaria_watermeyeri)'' L.Bolus – Northern Cape Province {{Div col end}} ;Formerly included A few names have been coined using the name ''Strumaria,'' applied to species now considered better suited to other genera (''[Hessea](/source/Hessea)'' and ''[Libertia](/source/Libertia)''). * ''Strumaria chilensis'' - ''[Libertia chilensis](/source/Libertia_chilensis)'' * ''Strumaria crispa'' - ''[Hessea cinnamomea](/source/Hessea_cinnamomea)'' * ''Strumaria stellaris'' - ''[Hessea stellaris](/source/Hessea_stellaris)'' ==Distribution and habitat== Species of ''Strumaria'' are native to South Africa (the [Cape Provinces](/source/Cape_Provinces) and the [Free State](/source/Free_State_(province))), [Lesotho](/source/Lesotho) and [Namibia](/source/Namibia). All but one species are found in the winter rainfall area of Southern Africa, to the west and southwest, with the highest concentration in the highlands of [Namaqualand](/source/Namaqualand). The exception is ''[Strumaria tenella](/source/Strumaria_tenella)'' subsp. ''orientalis'', found to the east in the Free State and Lesotho. ==Cultivation== Some ''Strumaria'' species are cultivated as [ornamental bulbous plant](/source/ornamental_bulbous_plant)s, particularly for their autumn flowering period. Although they will survive a minimum temperature of {{cvt|0|C|F|0}}, a higher minimum of {{cvt|8|C|F|0}} is recommended, for example in a cool [greenhouse](/source/greenhouse). The medium in which they are grown needs to be free-draining. They can be propagated from seeds, which lack dormancy and so need to be sown as soon as possible after being shed. ==References== {{Reflist|refs= {{citation |mode=cs2 |last=Grossi |first=Alberto |date=2014 |title=''Strumaria'' in cultivation |journal=The Plantsman |series=(New Series) |volume=13 |issue=4 |pages=222–225 }} }} ==External links== * [http://pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/index.php/Strumaria Strumaria] at the [http://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/ Pacific Bulb Society] {{Taxonbar|from=Q147715}} Category:Strumaria Category:Amaryllidaceae genera Category:Flora of Southern Africa Category:Taxa named by Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Strumaria](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strumaria) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strumaria?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.