# Stichaeus

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{{Short description|Genus of fish}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Miocene|present|[Miocene](/source/Miocene) to present}}
| image = Arctic shanny, Sticheus punctatus, in Newfoundland (7273715176).jpg
| image_caption = Arctic shanny (''Sticheus punctatus'')
| taxon = Stichaeus
| authority = [Reinhardt](/source/Johan_Reinhardt), 1836
| type_species = ''[Gobius punctatus](/source/Arctic_shanny)''
| type_species_authority = [Fabricius](/source/Johan_Christian_Fabricius), 1780<ref name = CofF>{{Cof family|family=Stichaeinae|access-date=8 August 2022}}</ref>
| synonyms = {{Genus list
| Dinogunellus | [Herzenstein](/source/Solomon_Herzenstein), 1890
| Notogrammus | [T.H. Bean](/source/Tarleton_Hoffman_Bean), 1881
}}
| synonyms_ref = <ref name = CofF/>
}}

'''''Stichaeus''''' is a [genus](/source/genus) of marine [ray-finned fish](/source/ray-finned_fish)es belonging to the [family](/source/Family_(taxonomy)) [Stichaeidae](/source/Stichaeidae), the pricklebacks or shannies. These fishes are mainly found in the North Pacific Ocean with one species in the Arctic and western North Atlantic Oceans.

==Taxonomy==
''Stichaeus'' was first proposed as a [monospecific](/source/monospecific) genus in 1836 by Danish [zoologist](/source/zoologist) [Johan Reinhardt](/source/Johan_Reinhardt) with ''Blennius punctatus'', which was [described](/source/Species_description) by [Johan Christian Fabricius](/source/Johan_Christian_Fabricius) in 1780 from western [Greenland](/source/Greenland), designated as the [type species](/source/type_species).<ref name = CofF/><ref name = CofF2>{{Cof genus|genus=Stichaeopsis|access-date=25 August 2022}}</ref> This genus is classified within the [subfamily](/source/subfamily) [Stichaeinae](/source/Stichaeinae) of the [Zoarcoid](/source/Zoarcoidei) family Stichaeidae.<ref name = M&S2004>{{cite journal | author1 = Mecklenburg, C. W. | author2 = B. A. Sheiko | name-list-style = and | year = 2004 | title = Family Stichaeidae Gill 1864 — pricklebacks | journal = California Academy of Sciences Annotated Checklists of Fishes | volume = 35 | url = https://www.calacademy.org/sites/default/files/assets/docs/stichaeidae.pdf}}</ref>

===Species===  
''Stichaeus'' contains six extant and two known extinct species:<ref name = Fishbase>{{FishBase genus|genus=Stichaeus|month=February|year=2022}}</ref><ref name = Nazarkin>{{cite journal | author = Mikhail Valerievich Nazarkin | year = 1998 | title = New Stichaeid Fishes (Stichaeidae, Perciformes) from Miocene of Sakhalin | journal = Journal of Ichthyology | volume = 38 | issue =4 | pages = 279–291 | url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273761112_New_Stichaeid_Fishes_Stichaeidae_Perciformes_from_Miocene_of_Sakhalin}}</ref><ref name="Niino">{{cite journal |author=Niino, H. |year=1951 |title=Description of Some Fossil Fishes and Prawns from Japan |url= |journal=Journal of the Tokyo University of Fisheries |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=47–58}}</ref>

{{Linked species list
| {{extinct}} Stichaeus brachigrammus | [Nazarkin](/source/Mikhail_Valerievich_Nazarkin), 1998
| Stichaeus fuscus | [Miki](/source/Toru_Miki) & [Maruyama](/source/Shuka_Maruyama), 1986
| Stichaeus grigorjewi | [Herzenstein](/source/Solomon_Herzenstein) 1890
| Stichaeus nozawae | [Jordan](/source/David_Starr_Jordan) & [Snyder](/source/John_Otterbein_Snyder), 1902
| {{extinct}} Stichaeus matsubarai | [Niino](/source/Hiroshi_Niino), 1951	
| Stichaeus ochriamkini | [Taranetz](/source/Anatoly_Yakovlevich_Taranetz), 1935
| Stichaeus pulcherrimus | Taranetz, 1935
| Stichaeus punctatus | ([Fabricius](/source/Johan_Christian_Fabricius), 1780)
}}
† means extinct

===Etymology===
The genus name ''Stichaeus'' means "to set in a row", and is presumed to refer to the row of five or six circular spots on the [dorsal fin](/source/dorsal_fin).<ref name = ETYFish>{{cite web | url = http://etyfish.org/perciformes15/ | title = Order Perciformes (Part 11): Suborder Cottoidea: Infraorder Zoarcales: Families: Anarhichadidae, Neozoarcidae, Eulophias, Stichaeidae, Lumpenidae, Ophistocentridae, Pholidae, Ptilichthyidae, Zaproridae, Cryptacanthodidae, Cebidichthyidae, Scytalinidae and Bathymasteridae | work = The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database | editor1= Christopher Scharpf | editor2 = Kenneth J. Lazara | name-list-style = amp |date = 4 July 2021 | access-date = 25 August 2022 | publisher = Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara}}</ref>

==Characteristics==
''Stichaeus'' species have moderately elongated, laterally compressed bodies, which are covered in tiny [cycloid scale](/source/cycloid_scale)s, although the head is scaleless. Teeth are on the jaws, [vomer](/source/vomer), and [palatine](/source/Palatine_bone). The teeth on the upper jaw are arranged in two to four rows, while those in the lower jaw form a single row. The jaws are equal in length or the lower jaw may just protrude beyond the upper jaw. The head has a number of sensory canals made up of pores and are used to sense vibrations. The single [lateral line](/source/lateral_line) does not reach the [caudal fin](/source/caudal_fin) and appears to be an extension of the postorbital sensory canal. The anal fin has no rear spines.<ref name = Lindbergh>{{cite book | author = G.U. Lindberg | year = 1989 | title = Fishes of the Sea of Japan and the Adjacent Areas of the Sea of Okhotsk and the Yellow Sea Part 4 | publisher = Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation | isbn = }}</ref> These fishes vary in length from a maximum published standard length of {{cvt|7.9|cm|abbr=on}} in ''S. fuscus'', while the largest species are ''S. grigorjewi'' and ''S. nozawae'', which have maximum published [total length](/source/total_length)s of {{cvt|60|cm|abbr=on}}.<ref name = Fishbase/>

==Distribution and habitat==
''Stichaeus'' fishes are largely found in the northwestern Pacific, but one species, ''S. punctatus'', extends into the western Arctic Ocean and the northwestern Atlantic Ocean. These are coastal fishes, but can be found to depths of {{cvt|300|m|abbr=on}}.<ref name = M&S2004/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q2208230}}

Category:Stichaeinae

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Stichaeus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stichaeus) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stichaeus?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.