# Stetsonia coryne

> Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Stetsonia_coryne
> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Stetsonia_coryne.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stetsonia_coryne
> Source revision: 1315190546
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

Species of cactus

Stetsonia coryne Conservation status Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1] Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Embryophytes Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Spermatophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Eudicots Order: Caryophyllales Family: Cactaceae Subfamily: Cactoideae Tribe: Cereeae Subtribe: Cereinae Genus: Stetsonia Britton & Rose Species: S. coryne Binomial name Stetsonia coryne (Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose

***Stetsonia coryne***, the **toothpick cactus**, is the sole species in the [cactus](/source/Cactus) genus ***Stetsonia***. *Stetsonia coryne* is native to arid regions of South America, where it grows to a height of 15 to 25 ft (4.6 to 7.6 m) tall. It contains [mescaline](/source/Mescaline) and other alkaloids.[2]

## Description

The plant is large, with tree-like growth, and can reach a height of 5 to 8 m up to 12 m. The trunk is thick and short, measuring about 40 cm in diameter, with numerous erect or somewhat bent branches. The blue-green shoots turn greenish-gray with age, are usually not jointed, and have a diameter of 9 to 10 cm. There are eight to nine blunt-edged, somewhat notched ribs that are 1 to 1.5 cm high. The spines are straight and stiff. The central spine grows 2–8 cm long and is thickened at the base, while the seven to nine spreading marginal spines grow to 3 cm long. Spines are black or yellowish-brown, although they eventually turn white with a dark tip.

The plant flowers from October to April with white, funnel-shaped flowers that grow up to 15 cm in diameter. They open at night and often remain open until the next day. The [pericarp](/source/Fruit_(plant_structure)) is covered with numerous roof-tile-like structures. The long corolla tube has scattered scales.

The plant fruits from January to May. The fruit is a fleshy berry 4 cm in diameter, ovoid, and scaled. Edible fruits are green to reddish and have a drooping floral remnant. The broadly oval, shiny blackish-brown seeds are 1.7 mm long and 1 mm wide. They are humped with a fine wrinkled pattern.[3][4]

		- Large plant growing in Oasis Park in La Lajita, Pájara, Fuerteventura, Canary Islands

		- Branch

		- Flower

		- Spines

## Taxonomy

The first description, as ***Cereus coryne***, was made in 1850 by [Joseph zu Salm-Reifferscheidt-Dyck](/source/Joseph_zu_Salm-Reifferscheidt-Dyck).[5] [Nathaniel Lord Britton](/source/Nathaniel_Lord_Britton) and [Joseph Nelson Rose](/source/Joseph_Nelson_Rose) placed the species in their newly established monotypic genus *Stetsonia* in 1920. The genus was named to honor [Francis Lynde Stetson](/source/Francis_Lynde_Stetson), a New York attorney and plant lover.[6] The genus was formerly placed in the subtribe [Rebutiinae](/source/Rebutiinae), but a 2023 [molecular phylogenetic](/source/Molecular_phylogenetics) study found that it belonged to subtribe [Cereinae](/source/Cereinae).[7]

## Distribution and habitat

*Stetsonia coryne* is distributed in high-altitude arid regions, such as the deserts and [dry forest](/source/Dry_forest) ([Gran Chaco](/source/Gran_Chaco)) of northwestern [Argentina](/source/Argentina), as well as in [Bolivia](/source/Bolivia), [Paraguay](/source/Paraguay), and the [Brazilian](/source/Brazil) state of [Mato Grosso do Sul](/source/Mato_Grosso_do_Sul).

		- Large plant growing in habitat in Serezuela, Argentina

## Conservation

In the [IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List), the species is listed as "Least Concern (LC)".[1]

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-iucn_status_20_November_2021_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-iucn_status_20_November_2021_1-1) Oakley, L.; Pin, A. (2017). ["*Stetsonia coryne*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/152044/121576661). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2017** e.T152044A121576661. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T152044A121576661.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T152044A121576661.en). Retrieved 20 November 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** AGURELL, S., BRUHN, J. G., LUNDSTROM, J., and SVENSSON, U., 1971, Cactaceae alkaloids. X. Alkaloids of Trichocereus species and some other cactii, Lloydia 34: 183-187.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Eggli_Newton_2004_p.55_3-0)** Eggli, Urs; Newton, Leonard E. (2004-03-11). *Etymological Dictionary of Succulent Plant Names*. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 55. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [3-540-00489-0](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-540-00489-0).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Anderson_Eggli_2005_p._607_4-0)** Anderson, Edward F.; Eggli, Urs (2005). *Das grosse Kakteen-Lexikon* (in German). Ulmer. p. 607. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [3-8001-4573-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-8001-4573-1).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Salm-Reifferscheidt_Georgi_1850_p._5-0)** Salm-Reifferscheidt, Joseph; Georgi, Carl (1850). [*Cacteae in horto Dyckensi cultae anno 1849, secundum tribus et genera digestae: additis adnotationibus botanicis characteribusque specierum in enumeratione diagnostica cactearum Doct. Pfeifferi non descriptarum /*](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/120333). Bonnae: Apud Henry & Cohen, typis C. Georgii. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.5962/bhl.title.120333](https://doi.org/10.5962%2Fbhl.title.120333).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Everett1982_6-0)** Everett (1 July 1982). [*Encyclopedia of Horticulture*](https://books.google.com/books?id=KeGzp-YXrPYC&pg=PA3235). Taylor & Francis. p. 3235. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-8240-7240-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8240-7240-7). Retrieved 31 August 2012.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** Romeiro-Brito, Monique; Taylor, Nigel P.; Zappi, Daniela C.; Telhe, Milena C.; Franco, Fernando F. & Moraes, Evandro M. (2023). ["Unravelling phylogenetic relationships of the tribe Cereeae using target enrichment sequencing"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10808018). *Annals of Botany*. **132** (5): 989–1006. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1093/aob/mcad153](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Faob%2Fmcad153). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [10808018](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10808018).

## External links

- Media related to [*Stetsonia coryne*](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Stetsonia_coryne) at Wikimedia Commons

- Data related to [*Stetsonia coryne*](https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Stetsonia_coryne) at Wikispecies

Taxon identifiers Stetsonia coryne Wikidata: Q138297 Wikispecies: Stetsonia coryne CoL: 52GMC EoL: 5182085 EPPO: SSNCO FNA: 242428526 GBIF: 7284653 GRIN: 451348 iNaturalist: 443965 IPNI: 245216-2 ITIS: 908443 IUCN: 152044 NCBI: 153897 Open Tree of Life: 819442 Plant List: tro-5102013 POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:138603-1 Species+: 14108 Tropicos: 5102013 WFO: wfo-0001287947 Stetsonia Wikidata: Q8184783 Wikispecies: Stetsonia (Cactaceae) CoL: 7NCF EoL: 62277 EPPO: 1SSNG GBIF: 3231948 GRIN: 11575 iNaturalist: 443964 IPNI: 296066-2 IRMNG: 1360274 ITIS: 906965 NCBI: 153896 Open Tree of Life: 819441 Paleobiology Database: 2613 POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:296066-2 Tropicos: 40006013 WFO: wfo-4000036654 Cereus coryne Wikidata: Q12317975 CoL: SX7F FNA: 242428632 GBIF: 5624266 GRIN: 438285 IPNI: 130107-1 POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:130107-1 Tropicos: 5102012

---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Stetsonia coryne](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stetsonia_coryne) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stetsonia_coryne?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.