# Statute of autonomy > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Statute_of_autonomy > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Statute_of_autonomy.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statute_of_autonomy > Source revision: 1350684321 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{Short description|Basic institutional law of autonomous communities in Spain}} In Spain, a '''statute of autonomy'''{{efn-lr|"Statute of Autonomy" {{langx|es|estatuto de autonomía}}, {{langx|ca|estatut d'autonomia}}, {{langx|gl|estatuto de autonomía}}, {{langx|ast|estatutu d'autonomía}}, {{langx|eu|autonomia estatutua}}}} is the basic institutional, quasi-constitutional law of an [autonomous community](/source/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain) or autonomous city.{{sfn|Colino|2013|p=217}} The process of [devolution](/source/devolution) after the [transition to democracy](/source/Spanish_transition_to_democracy) (1979) created 17 [autonomous communities](/source/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain) and 2 [autonomous cities](/source/Autonomous_cities_of_Spain), each having its own Statute of Autonomy. The two autonomous cities are [Ceuta](/source/Ceuta) and [Melilla](/source/Melilla), both on the north coast of Africa. These statutes define the institutional framework within a region and the powers {{langx|es|competencias}} of the region, within the limits of the Constitution. Powers fall into four broad categories: those exclusive to the State; those where the State legislates and the autonomous communities implement this legislation; those where the State defines framework legislation and the regions add detailed legislation and are responsible for execution; and finally those powers that are exclusive the autonomous communities.{{sfn|Territorial Policy||loc=paragraphs 3, 4}} ==Legal basis== Statutes of autonomy are defined in the Spanish Constitution.{{sfn |Spanish Constitution|1978|loc= Articles 146 and 147}} Statutes of autonomy are part of the legal system of the State, but how they are drafted and approved is distinct from other laws. Initially drafted by an assembly made up of members of [Provincial Council](/source/Provincial_council_(Spain)) wishing to become an autonomous community, they are then submitted to the Spanish Parliament as a bill and passed into law. To modify or replace a statute of autonomy, the process is according to provisions in the existing statute but is initiated and drafted by the parliament of the autonomous community and require a strong majority to pass (e.g., two-thirds in Catalonia or three-fifths in Murcia). They must then be approved by Spanish Parliament as an [organic law](/source/Organic_Law_(Spain)), which requires an absolute majority voting in favour in the Congress of Deputies.{{sfn|Casanas Adam|2017|p=375}} ==Reform== As the Constitution had not set clearly defined methods for power sharing, particularly over shared jurisdiction or powers, there had been major conflict because the real power of an autonomous community depended upon how far the State wanted to legislate.{{sfn|Arzoz|2012|p=182}} Since 1982, the PSOE and later the PP pursued policies to temper enthusiasm for devolution and instead sought to harmonise the powers devolved to all autonomous communities. This was interpreted by the 'historic nationalities' of Catalonia and the Basque Country as the re-imposition of centralist control from Madrid particularly after a landmark ruling of the Constitutional Court upheld the prerogative of the central government to use 'Basic (ie framework) Laws' to encroach upon devolved jurisdictional powers to promote and protect 'the national interest' of the Spanish state.{{sfn|Anderson|2020a|pp=4,5}}{{sfn|Casanas Adam|2017|p=392}} Consequently, from about 2004, there was a wave of reform of statutes aimed at updating and resolving conflicts.{{sfn|Casanas Adam|2017|p=375}} On 18 June 2006, [Catalonia](/source/Catalonia) approved by [referendum](/source/2006_Catalan_constitutional_referendum) a highly innovative but controversial [new statute](/source/Catalan_Statute_of_Autonomy) that was seen as the leading model of reform, with such elements as a full charter of rights and a detailed chapter on the judiciary.{{sfn|Casanas Adam|2017|p=375}} This triggered and influenced reform of several other statutes which have been modified including those of Valencia (2006), Balearic Islands (2007), Andalucía (2007), Aragón (2007), Castile and León (2007), Navarra (2010), and Extremadura (2011), all agreed by the national parliament and the two main Spanish parties.{{sfn|Colino|2013|p=219}} == List of autonomy statutes == {| class="wikitable sortable" ! align="center" | # ! align="center" | Name ! align="center" | Adopted ! align="center" | Latest reform |- | 1 | 20px [Basque Country](/source/Basque_Country_(autonomous_community)) | {{hs|1979-12-18/1}}[18 December 1979](/source/Statute_of_Autonomy_of_the_Basque_Country_of_1979) (LO 3/1979) | |- | 2 |20px [Catalonia](/source/Catalonia) |{{hs|1979-12-18/2}}[18 December 1979](/source/Statute_of_Autonomy_of_Catalonia_of_1979) (LO 4/1979) |{{hs|2006-07-19}}[19 July 2006](/source/Statute_of_Autonomy_of_Catalonia_of_2006) (LO 6/2006) |- | 3 | 20px [Galicia](/source/Galicia_(Spain)) | {{hs|1981-04-06/3}}[6 April 1981](/source/Statute_of_Autonomy_of_Galicia_of_1981) (LO 1/1981) | |- | 4 | 20px [Andalusía](/source/Andalus%C3%ADa) | {{hs|1981-12-30/4}}[30 December 1981](/source/Statute_of_Autonomy_of_Andalusia) (LO 6/1981) | {{hs|2007-03-19}}19 March 2007 (LO 2/2007) |- | 5 | 20px [Asturias](/source/Asturias) | {{hs|1981-12-30/5}}[30 December 1981](/source/Statute_of_Autonomy_of_the_Principality_of_Asturias) (LO 7/1981) | |- | 6 | 20px [Cantabria](/source/Cantabria) | {{hs|1981-12-30/6}}[30 December 1981](/source/Statute_of_Autonomy_of_Cantabria) (LO 8/1981) | |- | 7 | 20px [La Rioja](/source/La_Rioja) | {{hs|1982-06-09/7}}{{ill|Statute of Autonomy of La Rioja|es|Estatuto de Autonomía de La Rioja|lt=9 June 1982|v=sup}} (LO 3/1982) | |- | 8 | 20px [Region of Murcia](/source/Region_of_Murcia) | {{hs|1982-06-09/8}}{{ill|Statute of Autonomy of the Region of Murcia|es|Estatuto de Autonomía de la Región de Murcia|lt=9 June 1982|v=sup}} (LO 4/1982) | |- | 9 | 20px [Valencian Community](/source/Valencian_Community) | {{hs|1982-07-01/9}}{{ill|Statute of Autonomy of the Valencian Community|es|Estatuto de Autonomía de la Comunidad Valenciana de 1982|ca|Estatut d'Autonomia de la Comunitat Valenciana de 1982|lt=1 July 1982|v=sup}} (LO 5/1982) | {{hs|2006-04-10}}10 April 2006 (LO 1/2006) |- | 10 | 20px [Aragon](/source/Aragon) | {{hs|1982-08-10/10}}{{ill|Statute of Autonomy of Aragon|es|Estatuto de Autonomía de Aragón|an|Estatuto d'Autonomía d'Aragón (1982)|lt=10 August 1982|v=sup}} (LO 8/1982) | {{hs|2007-04-20}}20 April 2007 (LO 5/2007) |- | 11 | 20px [Castilla-La Mancha](/source/Castilla-La_Mancha) | {{hs|1982-08-10/11}}{{ill|Statute of Autonomy of Castilla-La Mancha|es|Estatuto de Autonomía de Castilla-La Mancha|lt=10 August 1982|v=sup}} (LO 9/1982) | |- | 12 | 20px [Canary Islands](/source/Canary_Islands) | {{hs|1982-08-10/12}}{{ill|Statute of Autonomy of the Canary Islands|es|Estatuto de Autonomía de Canarias|lt=10 August 1982|v=sup}} (LO 10/1982) | {{hs|2018-11-06}}6 November 2018 (LO 1/2018) |- | 13 | 20px [Navarre](/source/Navarre) | {{hs|1982-08-10/13}}{{ill|Improvement of Navarre's Foral Regime|es|Amejoramiento de Navarra|lt=10 August 1982|v=sup}} (LO 13/1982) | |- | 14 | 20px [Extremadura](/source/Extremadura) | {{hs|1983-02-25/14}}{{ill|Statute of Autonomy of Extremadura|es|Estatuto de Autonomía de Extremadura|ext|Estatutu d'autonomía d'Estremaúra|lt=25 February 1983|v=sup}} (LO 1/1983) | {{hs|2011-01-28}}28 January 2011 (LO 1/2011) |- | 15 | 20px [Balearic Islands](/source/Balearic_Islands) | {{hs|1983-02-25/15}}[25 February 1983](/source/Statute_of_Autonomy_of_the_Balearic_Islands) (LO 2/1983) | {{hs|2007-02-28}}28 February 2007 (LO 1/2007) |- | 16 | 20px [Community of Madrid](/source/Community_of_Madrid) | {{hs|1983-02-25/16}}{{ill|Statute of Autonomy of the Community of Madrid|es|Estatuto de Autonomía de la Comunidad de Madrid|lt=25 February 1983|v=sup}} (LO 3/1983) | |- | 17 | 20px [Castile and León](/source/Castile_and_Le%C3%B3n) | {{hs|1983-02-25/17}}{{ill|Statute of Autonomy of Castile and León|es|Estatuto de Autonomía de Castilla y León|lt=25 February 1983|v=sup}} (LO 4/1983) | |- | 18 | 20px [Ceuta](/source/Ceuta) | {{hs|1995-03-13/18}}[13 March 1995](/source/Statute_of_Autonomy_of_Ceuta) (LO 1/1995) | |- | 19 | 20px [Melilla](/source/Melilla) | {{hs|1995-03-13/19}}[13 March 1995](/source/Statute_of_Autonomy_of_Melilla) (LO 2/1995) | |} ==See also== * [Autonomous communities of Spain](/source/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain) * [Government of Wales Act 1998](/source/Government_of_Wales_Act_1998) * [Nationalities and regions of Spain](/source/Nationalities_and_regions_of_Spain) * [Northern Ireland Act 1998](/source/Northern_Ireland_Act_1998) * [Scotland Act 1998](/source/Scotland_Act_1998) ==References== {{reflist}} == Translation of terms == {{notelist-lr}} ==Bibliography== * {{cite journal|title=Decentralisation at a crossroads: Spain, Catalonia and the Territorial Crisis |first=Paul |last=Anderson |journal=Ethnopolitics |volume=19 |year=2020a| issue=4 |location=London |publisher=Routledge |pages=342–355|doi=10.1080/17449057.2020.1795470 |lang=en | issn=1744-9065|oclc=300873767|url=https://repository.canterbury.ac.uk/download/08de36fe281562b260890afcb48ed7e443ec7cf8a7e309319c7f0f5f9442485f/259158/Catalonia%20final%20paper%20PDF.pdf}} * {{cite book|first=Paul|last=Anderson|year=2020b|title=Power-sharing in Europe: Past practice, present cases and future directions|editor-first1=S|editor-last1=Keil| editor-first2=A| editor-last2=McCulloch|chapter=A Consociational Compromise? Constitutional Evolution in Spain and Catalonia|chapter-url=https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/15880/|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-53590-2_9 | publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-030-53590-2|page=201-225|access-date=27 March 2025}} * {{cite journal|title=New developments in Spanish federalism |first=Xabier |last=Arzoz |journal=L'Europe en Formation |year=2012| volume=363 |issue=1 |pages=179–188|doi=10.3917/eufor.363.0179 |lang=en | issn= 2410-9231|oclc=140465166|url=https://shs.cairn.info/article/EUFOR_363_0179/pdf?lang=en|access-date=27 March 2025|url-access=subscription}} * {{cite book|first=Elisenda|last=Casanas Adam|year=2017|title=Courts in Federal Countries|editor-first1=Nicholas|editor-last1=Aroney| editor-first2=John| editor-last2=Kincaid|chapter=The Constitutional Court of Spain: From System Balancer to Polarizing Centralist |pages=367–403 |chapter-url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.16|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=978-1-4875-1466-2|jstor=10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.16 |access-date=29 March 2025}} * {{cite book| last=Colino|first=César| chapter = Living with Contradictions in Federalism: goals and outcomes of recent constitutional and financial reforms in the Spanish Estado autonómico |editor-first1= Grace |editor-last1=Skogstad|editor-first2=Keith |editor-last2=Banting|editor-first3=David |editor-last3=Cameron |editor-first4=Martin |editor-last4=Papillon |title=The Global Promise of Federalism|publisher=University of Toronto Press|pages=214–235|year =2017|chapter-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286929586 |access-date=27 March 2025|isbn=9781442619197|oclc=1004879919 }} * {{cite news|last=Force| first=Marina | url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/catalonias-place-in-spain-a-brief-history-1506735974 |title=Catalonia's Place in Spain: A Brief History"|work=[Wall Street Journal](/source/Wall_Street_Journal)| date=11 October 2017|access-date= 16 October 2017|url-access=subscription| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020072422/https://www.wsj.com/articles/catalonias-place-in-spain-a-brief-history-1506735974| archive-date=20 Oct 2020}} * {{cite web |title=The Spanish Constitution |url=https://www.tribunalconstitucional.es/es/tribunal/normativa/normativa/constitucioningles.pdf |publisher=Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado |access-date=10 June 2022 |language=English |date=1978|ref={{harvid|Spanish Constitution|1978}}}} * {{cite web |title=Territorial policy (auntonomous communities) |url=https://mpt.gob.es/en/politica-territorial/autonomica.html | publisher=[Ministry of Territorial Policy](/source/Ministry_of_Territorial_Policy) |access-date=14 July 2025 |language=English|ref={{harvid|Territorial Policy|}}}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Statute Of Autonomy}} Category:Statutes of Autonomy --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Statute of autonomy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statute_of_autonomy) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statute_of_autonomy?action=history)). 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