# Spondyliosoma > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Spondyliosoma > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Spondyliosoma.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spondyliosoma > Source revision: 1354750760 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) Genus of fish Spondyliosoma Spondyliosoma cantharus is a species in this genus Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Order: Acanthuriformes Family: Sparidae Genus: Spondyliosoma Cantor, 1849 Type species Sparus cantharus Linnaeus, 1758[1] Synonyms[1] Cantharus Cuvier, 1816 Cantharusa Strand, 1928 ***Spondyliosoma*** is a genus of marine [ray-finned fish](/source/Actinopterygii) belonging to the [family](/source/Family_(taxonomy)) [Sparidae](/source/Sparidae), which includes the seabreams and porgies. The genus contains two species, one, the black seabream, from the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the other, the steentjie seabream, from the western Indian Ocean. ## Taxonomy *Spondyliosoma* was first proposed as a genus in 1849 by the Danish [zoologist](/source/Zoologist) [Theodore Cantor](/source/Theodore_Cantor) with *Sparus cantharus* being the [type species](/source/Type_species). Cantor proposed the new name to replace [Georges Cuvier](/source/Georges_Cuvier)'s *Cantharus* which was preoccupied by *[Cantharus](/source/Cantharus_(gastropod))* [Röding](/source/Peter_Friedrich_R%C3%B6ding), 1798 in [Mollusca](/source/Mollusca) and by *Cantharus* [Monfort](/source/Pierre_Denys_de_Montfort), 1808 in [Foraminifera](/source/Foraminifera).[1] The type species of Cuvier's *Cantharus* was *Sparus cantharus* by [monotypy](/source/Monotypy), Linnaeus had described *S. cantharus* in the [10th edition of *Systema Naturae*](/source/10th_edition_of_Systema_Naturae) published in 1758, with its [type locality](/source/Type_locality_(biology)) given as the [Mediterranean Sea](/source/Mediterranean_Sea).[1] This genus in the family Sparidae within the [order](/source/Order_(biology)) [Spariformes](/source/Spariformes) by the 5th edition of *[Fishes of the World](/source/Fishes_of_the_World)*.[2] Some authorities classify this genus in the subfamily Boopsinae,[3] but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise subfamilies within the Sparidae.[2] ## Etymology *Spondyliosoma* means "spindle body", a name Cantor did not explain and it is not obvious why he gave the taxon this name.[4] ## Species *Spondyliosoma* contains 2 valid species:[5] - *[Spondyliosoma cantharus](/source/Spondyliosoma_cantharus)* (Linnaeus, 1758) (Black seabream) - *[Spondyliosoma emarginatum](/source/Spondyliosoma_emarginatum)* [Valenciennes](/source/Achille_Valenciennes), 1830 (Steentjie seabream) ## Characteristics *Spondyliosoma* seabreams are characterised by the possession of 4 to 6 rows of thin, sharp [incisors](/source/Incisor) in the front of both jaws. The juveniles have a row of conical teeth behind the incisors and these develop into [molar](/source/Molar_(tooth))-like teeth in adults. The diameter of the eye is slightly smaller than the length of the snout. There are no scales on the [dorsal](/source/Dorsal_fin) and [anal fins](/source/Anal_fin) but the soft-rayed parts of these fins have scaly sheaths at their bases.[6] The larger of the 2 species in the genus is the black seabream (*S. cantharus*) with a maximum published [standard length](/source/Standard_length) of 60 cm (24 in) while the steentjie seabream (*S. emarginatum*) has a maximum published [total length](/source/Total_length) of 45 cm (18 in).[5] ## Distribution *Spondyliosoma* seabreams have parapatric distributions with the black seabream having a wide range encompassing the eastern Atlantic Ocean between Scandinavia and Namibia,[7] including the Mediterranean and Black Seas. The steentjie seabream is found in the southwstern Indian Ocean off South Africa and Madagascar.[8] ## Fisheries *Spondyliosoma* seabreams are of interest to fisheries, particularly the black seabream which is an important food fish targeted by both commercial and recreational fisheries in Europe.[9] ## References 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-CofF_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-CofF_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-CofF_1-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-CofF_1-3) Fricke, Ron; [Eschmeyer, William N.](/source/William_N._Eschmeyer) & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). ["Genera in the family Sparidae"](http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatget.asp?tbl=genus&family=Sparidae). *[Catalog of Fishes](/source/Catalog_of_Fishes)*. [California Academy of Sciences](/source/California_Academy_of_Sciences). Retrieved 21 February 2024. 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Nelson5_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Nelson5_2-1) [Nelson, J.S.](/source/Joseph_S._Nelson); Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). *Fishes of the World* (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: [John Wiley & Sons](/source/John_Wiley_%26_Sons). pp. 502–506. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1002/9781119174844](https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9781119174844). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-118-34233-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-118-34233-6). [LCCN](/source/LCCN_(identifier)) [2015037522](https://lccn.loc.gov/2015037522). [OCLC](/source/OCLC_(identifier)) [951899884](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/951899884). [OL](/source/OL_(identifier)) [25909650M](https://openlibrary.org/books/OL25909650M). 1. **[^](#cite_ref-Parenti_3-0)** Parenti, P. (2019). ["An annotated checklist of the fishes of the family Sparidae"](https://fishtaxa.com/menuscript/index.php/ft/article/view/49/52). *FishTaxa*. **4** (2): 47–98. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-ETYFish_4-0)** Christopher Scharpf (12 January 2024). ["Order ACANTHURIFORMES (part 6): Families GERREIDAE, LETHRINIDAE, NEMIPTERIDAE and SPARIDAE"](https://etyfish.org/acanthuriformes6/). *The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database*. Christopher Scharpf. Retrieved 21 February 2024. 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Fishbase_5-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Fishbase_5-1) [Froese, Rainer](/source/Rainer_Froese); [Pauly, Daniel](/source/Daniel_Pauly) (eds.). ["Species in genus *Spondyliosoma*"](https://www.fishbase.org/identification/SpeciesList.php?genus=Spondyliosoma). *[FishBase](/source/FishBase)*. October 2023 version. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-WIOF_6-0)** Yukio Iwatsuki and Phillip C Heemstra (2022). "Family Sparidae". In [Phillip C Heemstra](/source/Phil_Heemstra); Elaine Heemstra; David A Ebert; Wouter Holleman; and [John E Randall](/source/John_Ernest_Randall) (eds.). [*Coastal Fishes of the Western Indian Ocean*](https://saiab.ac.za/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/1._wiof_volume_3_text.pdf) (PDF). Vol. 3. South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity. pp. 284–315. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-990951-32-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-990951-32-9). 1. **[^](#cite_ref-Fishbase2_7-0)** [Froese, Rainer](/source/Rainer_Froese); [Pauly, Daniel](/source/Daniel_Pauly) (eds.). ["*Spondyliosoma cantharus*"](https://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Spondyliosoma&speciesname=cantharus). *[FishBase](/source/FishBase)*. October 2023 version. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-Fishbase3_8-0)** [Froese, Rainer](/source/Rainer_Froese); [Pauly, Daniel](/source/Daniel_Pauly) (eds.). ["*Spondyliosoma emarginatus*"](https://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Spondyliosoma&speciesname=emarginatus). *[FishBase](/source/FishBase)*. October 2023 version. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-iucn_9-0)** Russell, B.; Pollard, D. & [Carpenter, K.E.](/source/Kent_E._Carpenter) (2014). ["*Spondyliosoma cantharus*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/170258/1303321). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2014** e.T170258A1303321. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T170258A1303321.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T170258A1303321.en). Retrieved 21 February 2024. Taxon identifiers Spondyliosoma Wikidata: Q2008456 Wikispecies: Spondyliosoma ADW: Spondyliosoma BOLD: 3487 CoL: 7LHF GBIF: 2392351 iNaturalist: 92176 IRMNG: 1023624 ITIS: 169228 NBN: NBNSYS0000187280 NCBI: 50594 Open Tree of Life: 271155 WoRMS: 126083 --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Spondyliosoma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spondyliosoma) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spondyliosoma?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.