# Spisula

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{{Short description|Genus of bivalves}}
{{Automatic taxobox
|taxon = Spisula
|image = Spisula williamsi (MNHN-IM-2000-34899) 001.jpeg
|image_caption = One valve of ''Spisula adamsi'' (specimen at MNHN, Paris)
|authority = Gray, 1837
|type_species= ''Cardium solidum'' <small>Linnaeus, 1758</small> 
|synonyms=
* ''Hemimactra'' <small>Swainson, 1840</small>
* ''Notospisula'' <small>Iredale, 1930</small> 
* ''Spisula (Hemimactra)'' <small>Swainson, 1840</small>  alternate representation
* ''Spisula (Notospisula)'' <small>Iredale, 1930</small>
* † ''Spisula (Ruellia)'' <small>Cossmann, 1913</small>  · alternate representation
* ''Spisula (Spisula)'' <small>Gray, 1837</small> · alternate representation
* ''Spisula (Spisulona)'' <small>Marwick, 1948</small> · alternate representation
* ''Spisulina'' <small>P. Fischer, 1887</small> 
*  † ''Spisulona'' <small>Marwick, 1948</small>
|display_parents = 3
|subdivision_ranks = Species
|subdivision = See text.
}}

'''''Spisula''''' is a genus of medium-sized to large [marine](/source/Marine_(ocean)) [bivalve](/source/bivalve) [mollusk](/source/mollusk)s or clams in the subfamily [Mactrinae](/source/Mactrinae) of the [family](/source/Family_(taxonomy)) [Mactridae](/source/Mactridae), commonly known as surf clams or trough shells.<ref name="WoRMS">MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Spisula Gray, 1837. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138159 on 2022-06-20</ref>

==Species==
Species in the genus ''Spisula'' include:
* ''[Spisula adamsi](/source/Spisula_adamsi)'' <small>Olsson, 1961</small>
* ''[Spisula austini](/source/Spisula_austini)'' <small>Lamprell & Whitehead, 1990</small>
* †''[Spisula bernayi](/source/Spisula_bernayi)'' <small>(Cossmann, 1886)</small> 
* † ''[Spisula brombachensis](/source/Spisula_brombachensis)'' <small>S. Schneider & Mandic, 2014</small> 
* † ''[Spisula couttsi](/source/Spisula_couttsi)'' <small>Marwick, 1948</small> 
* † ''[Spisula crassitesta](/source/Spisula_crassitesta)'' <small>(Finlay, 1927)</small> 
* ''[Spisula discors](/source/Spisula_discors)'' <small>(Gray, 1837)</small>
* ''[Spisula elliptica](/source/Spisula_elliptica)''  <small>(T. Brown, 1827)</small> 
* ''[Spisula murchisoni](/source/Spisula_murchisoni)'' <small>(Reeve, 1854)</small>
* ''[Spisula raveneli](/source/Spisula_raveneli)'' <small>(Conrad, 1832)</small>
* ''[Spisula sachalinensis](/source/Spisula_sachalinensis)'' <small>(Schrenck, 1862)</small>
* ''[Spisula solida](/source/Spisula_solida)'' <small>([Linnaeus](/source/Carl_Linnaeus), [1758](/source/10th_edition_of_Systema_Naturae))</small>    
* ''[Spisula solidissima](/source/Spisula_solidissima)'' <small>(Dillwyn, 1817)</small> – Atlantic surfclam
* ''[Spisula subtruncata](/source/Spisula_subtruncata)'' <small>(da Costa, 1778)</small>  
* ''[Spisula trigonella](/source/Spisula_trigonella)'' <small>(Lamarck, 1818)</small>
* † ''[Spisula voyi](/source/Spisula_voyi)'' <small>(Gabb, 1866)</small> 

;Synonyms:
* ''Spisula adelaidae'' <small>Angas, 1865</small>: synonym of ''[Anapella cycladea](/source/Anapella_cycladea)'' <small>(Lamarck, 1818)</small>
* ''Spisula aequilateralis'' <small>([Deshayes](/source/G%C3%A9rard_Paul_Deshayes), 1854)</small> – Triangle shell: synonym of ''[Crassula aequilatera](/source/Crassula_aequilatera)'' <small>(Reeve, 1854)</small>
* ''Spisula alaskana'' <small>Dall, 1921</small>: synonym of ''[Mactromeris polynyma](/source/Mactromeris_polynyma)'' <small>(Stimpson, 1860)</small>
* ''Spisula aspersa'' <small>(G. B. Sowerby I, 1825)</small>: synonym of ''Oxyperas aspersa'' <small>(G. B. Sowerby I, 1825)</small>: synonym of ''[Oxyperas aspersum](/source/Oxyperas_aspersum)'<small>' (G. B. Sowerby I, 1825)</small>''
* ''[Spisula belliana](/source/Spisula_belliana)'' <small>W. R. B. Oliver, 1915</small>: synonym of ''Oxyperas belliana'' <small>(W. R. B. Oliver, 1915)</small>: synonym of ''[Oxyperas bellianum](/source/Oxyperas_bellianum)'' <small>(W. R. B. Oliver, 1915)</small>
* ''Spisula bernardi'' <small>Pilsbry, 1904</small>: synonym of ''[Oxyperas bernardi](/source/Oxyperas_bernardi)'' <small>(Pilsbry, 1904)</small>
* ''Spisula camaronis'' <small>Dall, 1921</small>: synonym of ''[Mactromeris hemphillii](/source/Mactromeris_hemphillii)'' <small>(Dall, 1894)</small>
* ''Spisula catilliformis'' <small>Conrad, 1867</small>: synonym of ''[Mactromeris catilliformis](/source/Mactromeris_catilliformis)'' <small>(Conrad, 1867)</small>
* ''[Spisula cretacea](/source/Spisula_cretacea)'' <small>Angas, 1868</small>: synonym of ''[Spisula trigonella](/source/Spisula_trigonella)'' <small>(Lamarck, 1818)</small>
* ''Spisula dolabriformis'' <small>Conrad, 1867</small>: synonym of ''[Simomactra dolabriformis](/source/Simomactra_dolabriformis)'' <small>(Conrad, 1867)</small> (original combination)
* ''Spisula fragilis'' <small>Gray, 1837</small>: synonym of ''[Standella pellucida](/source/Standella_pellucida)'' <small>(Gmelin, 1791)</small>
* ''Spisula hemphillii'' <small>(Dall, 1894)</small>: synonym of ''[Mactromeris hemphillii](/source/Mactromeris_hemphillii)'' <small>(Dall, 1894)</small>
* ''Spisula isabelleana''<small> (d'Orbigny, 1846)</small>: synonym of ''[Mactra isabelleana](/source/Mactra_isabelleana)'' <small>d'Orbigny, 1846</small>
* Spisula lamarckii Gray, 1837: synonym of Eastonia rugosa (Helbling, 1779)
* ''Spisula lentiginosa'' <small>Gould, 1852</small>: synonym of ''Oxyperas lentiginosa'' <small>(Gould, 1852)</small>: synonym of ''[Oxyperas lentiginosum](/source/Oxyperas_lentiginosum)'' <small>(Gould, 1852)</small>
* ''Spisula longa'' <small>Dall, 1921</small>: synonym of ''[Tresus nuttallii](/source/Tresus_nuttallii)'' <small>(Conrad, 1837)</small>
* ''Spisula marplatensis'' <small>(Doello-Jurado, 1949)</small>: synonym of ''[Mactra marplatensis](/source/Mactra_marplatensis)'' <small>Doello-Jurado, 1949</small>
* ''Spisula ovalis'' <small>(J. Sowerby, 1817)</small> : synonym of ''[Spisula solida](/source/Spisula_solida)'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>  
* ''Spisula ovata'' <small>Gray, 1843</small>: synonym of ''[Cyclomactra ovata](/source/Cyclomactra_ovata)'' <small>(Gray, 1843)</small>
* ''Spisula petitii'' <small>(d'Orbigny, 1846)</small>: synonym of ''[Mactra petitii](/source/Mactra_petitii)'' <small>d'Orbigny, 1846</small>
* ''Spisula polynyma'' <small>(Stimpson, 1860)</small>: synonym of ''[Mactromeris polynyma](/source/Mactromeris_polynyma)'' <small>(Stimpson, 1860)</small>
* ''Spisula producta'' <small>Angas, 1868</small>: synonym of ''Spisula trigonella'' <small>(Lamarck, 1818)</small>
* ''Spisula richmondi'' <small>(Dall, 1894</small>): synonym of ''[Mactra petitii](/source/Mactra_petitii)'' <small>d'Orbigny, 1846</small>
* ''Spisula sayii'' <small>Gray, 1837</small>: synonym of ''Spisula raveneli'' <small>(Conrad, 1832)</small>
* ''Spisula solanderi'' <small>J.E. Gray, 1837</small>: synonym of ''[Eastonia solanderi](/source/Eastonia_solanderi)'' <small>(J. E. Gray, 1837)</small>
* ''Spisula strongi'' <small>T. A. Burch, 1945</small>: synonym of ''[Simomactra planulata](/source/Simomactra_planulata)'' <small>(Conrad, 1837)</small>
* ''Spisula triangula'' <small>(Brocchi, 1814)</small>: synonym of ''Spisula subtruncata'' <small>(da Costa, 1778)</small>
* ''Spisula vladivostokensis'' <small>Bartsch, 1929</small>: synonym of ''[Mactromeris polynyma](/source/Mactromeris_polynyma)'' <small>(Stimpson, 1860)</small>
* ''Spisula voji'' [sic]: synonym of † ''Spisula voyi'' <small>(Gabb, 1866)</small> 
* ''Spisula williamsi'' <small>(Berry, 1960)</small>: synonym of ''Spisula adamsi'' <small>Olsson, 1961</small>

<gallery>
File:Spisula subtruncata.jpg|''[Spisula subtruncata](/source/Spisula_subtruncata)''
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}
* {{ITIS |taxon=''Spisula'' |id=80943}}
* Marwick J. (1948). Lower Pliocene Mollusca from Otahuhu, Auckland. New Zealand Geological Survey Palaeontological Bulletin. 16: 38 pp., 8 pl.
* Coan, E. V.; Valentich-Scott, P. (2012). Bivalve seashells of tropical West America. Marine bivalve mollusks from Baja California to northern Peru. 2 vols, 1258 pp

==External links==
* [https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/2334415 Gray, J. E. (1837). A synoptical catalogue of the species of certain tribes or genera of shells contained in the collection of the British Museum and the author's cabinet. Magazine of Natural History, N.S. 1: 370-376]
* [http://australianmuseum.net.au/Uploads/Journals/17186/773_complete.pdf  Iredale, T. (1930). More notes on the marine Mollusca of New South Wales. Records of the Australian Museum. 17(9): 384-407, pls 62-65]
* [http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/ocrd/254404.pdf  Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca. in: Costello, M.J. et al. (eds), European Register of Marine Species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Patrimoines Naturels. 50: 180-213]

{{Taxonbar|from=Q3017714}}

Category:Mactridae
Category:Bivalve genera
Category:Taxa named by John Edward Gray

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Spisula](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spisula) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spisula?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.