# Spatial variability > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Spatial_variability > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Spatial_variability.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial_variability > Source revision: 1300983017 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{distinguish|Spatial heterogeneity}} '''Spatial variability''' occurs when a quantity that is measured at different [spatial location](/source/spatial_location)s exhibits values that differ across the locations. Spatial variability can be assessed using [spatial descriptive statistics](/source/spatial_descriptive_statistics) such as the [range](/source/range_(statistics)). Let us suppose that the Rev' z(x) is perfectly known at any point x within the field under study. Then the [uncertainty](/source/uncertainty) about z(x) is reduced to zero, whereas its spatial variability still exists. Uncertainty is closely related to the amount of spatial variability, but it is also strongly dependent upon sampling.{{sfn | Delhomme | 1979 | pp=269–280}} [Geostatistical](/source/Geostatistics) analyses have been strictly performed to study the spatial variability of pesticide sorption{{sfn | Cambardella | Moorman | Novak | Parkin | 1994 | pp=1501–1511}}{{sfn | Novak | Moorman | Cambardella | 1997 | pp=1271–1277}}{{sfn|Jacques|Mouvet|Mohanty|Vereecken|1999|pp=31–52}} and degradation{{sfn |Price|Walker|Wood|Oliver|2001|pp=233–238}} in the field. Webster and Oliver{{sfn | Webster | 2007 | p=}} provided a description of geostatistical techniques. Describing uncertainty using geostatistics is not an activity exempt from uncertainty itself as [variogram](/source/variogram) uncertainty may be large{{sfn | Jansen | 1998 | pp=247–253}} and [spatial interpolation](/source/spatial_interpolation) may be undertaken using different techniques.{{sfn | Dubus | Brown | Beulke | 2003 | pp=53–72}} == References == {{reflist}} == Literature == {{further cleanup|date=February 2023}} * Isaaks, E.H., Srivastava R.M.: Applied Geostatistics. 1989 * Fortin, Marie-Josee, Dale, Mark.: Spatial Analysis A Guide for Ecologists. 2005. Cambridge University Press, 365 pp. * {{cite journal | last1=Kristensen | first1=Terje | last2=Ohlson | first2=Mikael | last3=Bolstad | first3=Paul | last4=Nagy | first4=Zoltan | title=Spatial variability of organic layer thickness and carbon stocks in mature boreal forest stands—implications and suggestions for sampling designs | journal=Environmental Monitoring and Assessment | publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC | volume=187 | issue=8 | date=2015-07-24 | page=521 | issn=0167-6369 | doi=10.1007/s10661-015-4741-x| pmid=26205281 | bibcode=2015EMnAs.187..521K | s2cid=6396005 }} * {{cite journal | last=Delhomme | first=J. P. | title=Spatial variability and uncertainty in groundwater flow parameters: A geostatistical approach | journal=Water Resources Research | publisher=American Geophysical Union (AGU) | volume=15 | issue=2 | year=1979 | issn=0043-1397 | doi=10.1029/wr015i002p00269 | pages=269–280| bibcode=1979WRR....15..269D }}* {{cite journal | last1=Cambardella | first1=C. A. | last2=Moorman | first2=T. B. | last3=Novak | first3=J. M. | last4=Parkin | first4=T. B. | last5=Karlen | first5=D. L. | last6=Turco | first6=R. F. | last7=Konopka | first7=A. E. | title=Field-Scale Variability of Soil Properties in Central Iowa Soils | journal=Soil Science Society of America Journal | publisher=Wiley | volume=58 | issue=5 | year=1994 | issn=0361-5995 | doi=10.2136/sssaj1994.03615995005800050033x | pages=1501–1511| bibcode=1994SSASJ..58.1501C }}* {{cite journal | last1=Novak | first1=J. M. | last2=Moorman | first2=T. B. | last3=Cambardella | first3=C. A. | title=Atrazine Sorption at the Field Scale in Relation to Soils and Landscape Position | journal=Journal of Environmental Quality | publisher=Wiley | volume=26 | issue=5 | year=1997 | issn=0047-2425 | doi=10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600050011x | pages=1271–1277| bibcode=1997JEnvQ..26.1271N }}* {{cite journal|last1=Jacques|first1=D|last2=Mouvet|first2=C|last3=Mohanty|first3=B|last4=Vereecken|first4=H|last5=Feyen|first5=J|title=Spatial variability of atrazine sorption parameters and other soil properties in a podzoluvisol|journal=J Contam Hydrol|year=1999|volume=36|issue=1|pages=31–52|doi=10.1016/S0169-7722(98)00141-7|bibcode=1999JCHyd..36...31J|url=http://agrilife.org/vadosezone/files/2015/01/1999_1.pdf}} * {{cite book|last1=Price|first1=OR|last2=Walker|first2=A|last3=Wood|first3=M|last4=Oliver|first4=MA|chapter=Using geostatistics to evaluate spatial variation in pesticideysoil interactions|editor=Walker A.|title=Pesticide behaviour in soils and water|series=BCPC Symposium Proceedings No. 78|location=Farnham, UK|year=2001|pages=233–238}} * {{cite book | last=Webster | first=R | title=Geostatistics for environmental scientists | publisher=Wiley | publication-place=Chichester Hoboken, NJ | year=2007 | isbn=978-0-470-02858-2 | oclc=212122100}} * {{cite journal | last=Jansen | first=Michiel J.W. | journal=Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems | publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC | volume=50 | issue=1/3 | year=1998 | issn=1385-1314 | doi=10.1023/a:1009748529970 | pages=247–253|title=Prediction error through modelling concepts and uncertainty from basic data| bibcode=1998NCyAg..50..247J | s2cid=38278687 }} * {{cite journal | last1=Dubus | first1=Igor G | last2=Brown | first2=Colin D | last3=Beulke | first3=Sabine | title=Sources of uncertainty in pesticide fate modelling | journal=Science of the Total Environment | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=317 | issue=1–3 | year=2003 | issn=0048-9697 | doi=10.1016/s0048-9697(03)00362-0 | pages=53–72| pmid=14630412 | bibcode=2003ScTEn.317...53D | citeseerx=10.1.1.472.35 }} == External links == * {{cite web | title=EPA Regional Vulnerability Assessment (ReVA) Environmental Decision Toolkit | website=amethyst.epa.gov | date=2006-10-01 | url=http://amethyst.epa.gov/revatoolkit/Definitions.jsp | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061001123614/http://amethyst.epa.gov/revatoolkit/Definitions.jsp | archive-date=2006-10-01 | url-status=dead | ref={{sfnref | amethyst.epa.gov | 2006}} | access-date=2021-04-12}} *http://gis.esri.com/library/userconf/proc05/papers/pap1184.pdf *https://web.archive.org/web/20100110102738/http://willingtoncropservices.co.uk/case_study_GPS-soil-sampling-nutrient-mapping.htm Willington Crop Services shows spatial variability in action with Case Study on GPS soil sampling, GPS nutrient mapping and nutrient management. Category:Spatial analysis --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Spatial variability](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial_variability) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial_variability?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.