# Sovietization
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{{Short description|Adoption of Soviet political system and mentality}}
{{more citations needed|date=April 2014}}
[[File:Latvijas PSR Drāmatiskais teātris. 1940.jpg|thumb|300px|[Latvian National Theatre](/source/Latvian_National_Theatre) decorated with Soviet symbols ([hammer and sickle](/source/hammer_and_sickle), [red star](/source/red_star), [red flags](/source/Red_flag_(politics)) and a double portrait of [Vladimir Lenin](/source/Vladimir_Lenin) and [Joseph Stalin](/source/Joseph_Stalin)) after the [Soviet occupation in 1940](/source/Soviet_occupation_of_Latvia_in_1940). The text on top reads "Long live the USSR!"]]
'''Sovietization''' ({{langx|ru|советизация|sovyetizatsiya}} {{IPA|ru|səvʲɪtʲɪˈzat͡sɨjə|}}) is the adoption of a political system based on the model of [soviets](/source/Soviet_(council)) (workers' councils) or the adoption of a way of life, mentality, and culture modeled after the [Soviet Union](/source/Soviet_Union).
A notable wave of Sovietization (in the second meaning) occurred during the [Russian Civil War](/source/Russian_Civil_War) in the territories captured by the [Red Army](/source/Red_Army). Later, the territories occupied by the [Russian SFSR](/source/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic) and the USSR were Sovietized. [Mongolia](/source/Mongolia) was conquered by the Soviet Union and Sovietized in the 1920s, and after the end of the [Second World War](/source/World_War_II), Sovietization took place in the countries of the [Soviet Bloc](/source/Eastern_Bloc) ([Eastern](/source/Eastern_Europe) and [Central Europe](/source/Central_Europe): Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, the Baltic states, etc.).[''С. Кульчицький''. Радянська влада // Політична енциклопедія. — p.620][''С. Кульчицький''. Радянський комунізм // Політична енциклопедія. — p.621] In a broad sense, it included the creation of Soviet-style authorities, new elections held by Bolshevik party members with opposition parties being restricted, the nationalization of private land and property, and the repression against representatives of "[class enemies](/source/Enemy_of_the_people)" ([kulak](/source/kulak)s, or ''[osadnik](/source/osadnik)s'', for instance). Mass executions and imprisoning in [Gulag](/source/Gulag) [labor camp](/source/labor_camp)s and [exile settlements](/source/Special_settlements_in_the_Soviet_Union) often accompany that process. This was usually promoted and sped up by [propaganda](/source/Propaganda_in_the_Soviet_Union) aimed at creating a common way of life in all states within the [Soviet sphere of influence](/source/Soviet_Empire). In modern history, Sovietization refers to the copying of models of Soviet life (the cult of the leader's personality, collectivist ideology, mandatory participation in propaganda activities, etc.).[{{cite book|title =Demography and National Security|year=2001|editor=[Myron Weiner](/source/Myron_Weiner), Sharon Stanton Russell|pages=308–315|chapter=Stalinist Forced Relocation Policies|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J9nuv7MGQ5MC&q=Sovietization&pg=PA309|publisher=Berghahn Books|isbn=1-57181-339-X}}][Совєтизація // Українська мала енциклопедія : 16 кн. : у 8 т. / проф. Є. Онацький. — Накладом Адміністратури УАПЦ в Аргентині. — Буенос-Айрес, 1965. — Т. 7, [http://encyclopedia.kiev.ua/vydaniya/files/use/third_book/part3.pdf кн. XIV : Літери Сен — Сті]. — С. 1717—1844. — {{nowrap|1000 екз.}}][[http://www.shynok.com.ua/rosija/myc/2400-rad.html Про радянізацію]{{dead link|date=July 2019|bot=InternetArchiveBot}}]
In a narrow sense, the term ''Sovietization'' is often applied to mental and social changes within the population of the Soviet Union and its [satellites](/source/Satellite_state),[{{cite book|author=[Józef Tischner](/source/J%C3%B3zef_Tischner)|title=Etyka solidarności oraz Homo sovieticus|year=2005|publisher=Znak|location=Kraków|isbn=83-240-0588-9|page =295|language=pl}}] which led to creation of the ''[new Soviet man](/source/new_Soviet_man)'' (according to its supporters) or ''[Homo Sovieticus](/source/Homo_Sovieticus)'' (according to its critics).[{{cite book|author=[Aleksandr Zinovyev](/source/Aleksandr_Zinovyev)|title=Homo sovieticus|year=1986|publisher=Grove/Atlantic|isbn=0-87113-080-7}}][Барташук Олеся [http://www.nbuv.gov.ua/portal/soc_gum/Mandriv/2008_7/Bartashuk.pdf Наслідки запровадження радянської обрядовості (60–80-і рр. ХХ ст.): аналіз історико-етнографічних матеріалів календарного циклу Хмельницького Поділля] // [http://www.nbuv.gov.ua/portal/soc_gum/Mandriv/ Мандрівець Науковий журнал]. — [http://www.nbuv.gov.ua/portal/soc_gum/Mandriv/2008_7/index.htm 2008, No. 7]]
==See also==
* [Establishment of Soviet power in Russia (1917–1918)](/source/Establishment_of_Soviet_power_in_Russia_(1917%E2%80%931918))
* [Sovietization of the Baltic states](/source/Sovietization_of_the_Baltic_states)
* [Soviet patriotism](/source/Soviet_patriotism)
* [Soviet empire](/source/Soviet_empire)
* [Russification](/source/Russification)
* [Korenizatsiia](/source/Korenizatsiia)
* [National delimitation in the Soviet Union](/source/National_delimitation_in_the_Soviet_Union)
* [Neo-Sovietism](/source/Neo-Sovietism)
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
* {{cite journal|author=Edward J. O'Boyle|date=January 1993|title=Work Habits and Customer Service in Post-Communist Poland|journal=International Journal of Social Economics|volume=20|issue=1}}
* Weeks, Theodore R. (2010), [http://ieg-ego.eu/en/threads/models-and-stereotypes/russification-sovietization Russification / Sovietization], [http://www.ieg-ego.eu/ EGO - European History Online], Mainz: [http://www.ieg-mainz.de/likecms/index.php Institute of European History], retrieved: March 25, 2021 ([https://d-nb.info/1029976155/34 pdf]).
{{Cultural assimilation|sp=ize}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Soviet internal politics
Category:Soviet phraseology
Category:Soviet Union
Category:Imperialism
Category:Politics of the Soviet Union
Category:Neo-Sovietism
Category:Nationalism in the Soviet Union
Category:Social history of Belarus
Category:Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
Category:History of East Germany
Category:Hungarian People's Republic
Category:Polish People's Republic
Category:Poland–Soviet Union relations
Category:Social history of Ukraine
Category:Cultural assimilation
Category:Russian Revolution
Category:Russification
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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Sovietization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovietization) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovietization?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.