# Southern Range

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On the island of [Trinidad](/source/Trinidad), the **Southern Range** is a discontinuous chain of low hills along the southern coast, reaching their highest altitude in the 1,000 feet (300 m) high [Trinity Hills](/source/Trinity_Hills) of the southeast.[1] According to legend, the sight of the three neighboring hilltops of the then unnamed Trinity Hills, led to [Christopher Columbus](/source/Christopher_Columbus), on his third voyage to the New World, to name the island, "La Trinidad" (as a form of devotion to his notion of god as the [Holy Trinity](/source/Holy_Trinity)).[1] The broad lowland area on the west between the Southern Range and the [Central Range](/source/Central_Range,_Trinidad_and_Tobago) is the [Naparima Plain](/source/Naparima_Plain);[1] the lowland area on the east is the [Nariva Plain](/source/Nariva_Plain). The [Oropuche River](/source/Oropuche_River) flows through the Naparima Plain and drains into the Oropuche Lagoon, a swampy area, on the [Gulf of Paria](/source/Gulf_of_Paria) coast, whereas the 31-mile long [Ortoire River](/source/Ortoire_River) flows through the Nariva Plain and drains into the [Nariva Swamp](/source/Nariva_Swamp) on the Atlantic Ocean coast.[1] The Southern region of the island has sandy and less fertile soil.[1] The Southern Range, particularly its Western and Central parts, consists of unconsolidated segments.[2]

The [Trinity Hills](/source/Trinity_Hills) wildlife reserve and sanctuary is located in the southern range and is rich in wildlife. [Howler monkeys](/source/Howler_monkeys), [white-fronted capuchin](/source/White-fronted_capuchin) monkeys, [Red brocket deer](/source/Red_brocket_deer) and the elusive [Ocelot](/source/Ocelot) can be seen here. The Lagon Bouffe mud volcano, one of Trinidad's largest mud volcanos is located here. Trinity Hills is the highest point in the Southern Range, at 325 meters.[3]

## Notes

1. Black 1976.

1. Kenny, J. S. *[The Biological Diversity of Trinidad and Tobago: A Naturalist's Notes](https://books.google.com/books?id=PTbHT-Hz3YsC&pg=PA204)*. Trinidad and Tobago: Prospect Press, 2008. p. 204

1. Kenny, Julian S. *[Views from the Ridge: Exploring the Natural History of Trinidad and Tobago](https://books.google.com/books?id=lYZeFBUXhWIC&pg=PA13)*. Port of Spain: Prospect Press, 2000. p. 13

## References

- Black, Jan Knippers (1976), ["Area handbook for Trinidad and Tobago"](https://books.google.com/books?id=kNpZ_SU4CkMC), American University (Washington, D.C.). Foreign Area Studies, Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off., retrieved 14 October 2013

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