# Southeastern Katë dialect
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{{more footnotes|date=October 2024}}
{{Short description|Kamkata-vari dialect of Afghanistan and Pakistan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox language
|name= Southeastern Katë
|image=
|states=[Afghanistan](/source/Afghanistan)
|region=[Nuristan](/source/Nuristan_Province), [Kunar](/source/Kunar_Province)
|speakers=20,000
|date=2011
|ref=e18
|familycolor= Indo-European
|fam2=[Indo-Iranian](/source/Indo-Iranian_languages)
|fam3=[Nuristani](/source/Nuristani_languages)
|fam4=[Katë](/source/Kat%C3%AB_language)
|script= [Arabic script](/source/Arabic_script)
|iso3=bsh
|lc1=xvi
|ld1=Kamviri
|glotto=kati1270
|glottorefname= Kati
}}
'''Southeastern Katë''' is a [dialect](/source/dialect) of the [Katë language](/source/Kat%C3%AB_language) spoken by the [Kom](/source/Kom_people_(Afghanistan)) and [Kata](/source/Kata_(people)) in parts of [Afghanistan](/source/Afghanistan) and [Pakistan](/source/Pakistan). It includes the so-called ''Kamviri'' and ''Mumviri'' dialects, spoken in [Mangul](/source/Mangul), [Sasku](/source/Sasku) and [Gabalgrom](/source/Gabalgrom) in the [Bashgal Valley](/source/Bashgal_Valley).
== Innovations ==
According to Halfmann (2024), the primary innovations of the Southeastern dialect include secondary vowel length from monophthongization of vowel + ''v'', a progressive suffix ''-n-'', intervocalic consonant lenition (usually sibilants and velars), post-nasal voicing, and merger of [Proto-Nuristani](/source/Proto-Nuristani_language) pre-tonic ''*a'' and ''*ā'' as ''a''.
== Phonology ==
The inventory as described by [Richard Strand](/source/Richard_Strand).[[https://nuristan.info/Nuristani/Kamkata/Kom/KomLanguage/Lexicon/phon.html#%C3%A5 The Sound System of ''kâmvʹiri'']] In addition, there is stress.
The neutral articulatory posture, as in the reduced vowel {{IPA|/a/}}, consists of the tip of the tongue behind the lower teeth and a raised tongue root is linked with a raised larynx, producing a characteristic pitch for unstressed vowels of about an octave above the pitch of a relaxed larynx.
=== Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2" |
/
[Alveolar](/source/Alveolar_consonant)
|-
! rowspan="2" |[Plosive](/source/Stop_consonant)
|{{IPA link|p}}
|{{IPA link|t}}
|{{IPA link|ʈ}}
|
|{{IPA link|k}}
|-
)
|{{IPA link|b}}
|{{IPA link|d}}
|{{IPA link|ɖ}}
|
|{{IPA link|ɡ}}
|-
! rowspan="2" |[Affricate](/source/Affricate_consonant)
|
|{{IPA link|t͡s}}
|{{IPA link|t͡ʂ}}
|{{IPA link|t͡ʃ}}
|
|-
)
|
|{{IPA link|d͡z}}
|{{IPA link|d͡ʐ}}
|{{IPA link|d͡ʒ}}
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[Fricative](/source/Fricative_consonant)
|({{IPA link|f}})
|{{IPA link|s}}
|{{IPA link|ʂ}}
|{{IPA link|ʃ}}
|({{IPA link|x}})
|-
)
|{{IPA link|v}}
|{{IPA link|z}}
|{{IPA link|ʐ}}
|{{IPA link|ʒ}}
|{{IPA link|ɣ}}
|-
! colspan="2" |[Nasal](/source/Nasal_consonant)
|{{IPA link|m}}
|{{IPA link|n}}
|{{IPA link|ɳ}}
|
|{{IPA link|ŋ}}
|-
! colspan="2" |[Tap](/source/Tap_consonant)
|
|{{IPA link|ɾ}}
|({{IPA link|ɽ}})
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |[Approximant](/source/Approximant_consonant)
|
|{{IPA link|l}}
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|{{IPA link|ɻ}}
|{{IPA link|j}}
|
|}
* Sounds {{IPA|[f, x, q, ɢ, ħ, ʕ, h, ʔ]}} are found in loanwords.
* Between vowels, {{IPA|/s, ʂ, ʃ/}} voice to {{IPA|[z, ʐ, ʒ]}}.
* {{IPA|/v/}} can also be heard as bilabial {{IPA|[β]}} or a labial approximant {{IPA|[w]}}.
* For most speakers, and especially in Kombřom, {{IPA|/ʈ/}} becomes a [retroflex flap](/source/retroflex_flap) {{IPA|[ɽ]}}.
* {{IPA|/k/}} becomes a [velar tap](/source/velar_tap) {{IPA|[ɡ̆]}}.
One suffix {{IPA|/ti/}} voices to {{IPA|[di]}} for most speakers.
The sequences {{IPA|/ʈɭ/, /ɖɭ/}} are phonetically affricates.
Nasals voice a following obstruent.
Laminal consonants change a following {{IPA|/a/}} from {{IPA|[ɨ]}} to {{IPA|[i]}}.
=== Vowels ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!
|-
|{{IPA link|i}} {{IPA link|y}}
|({{IPA link|ɨ}} {{angbr|a}})
|{{IPA link|u}}
|-
|{{IPA link|e}}
|{{IPA link|ə}} {{angbr|a}}
|{{IPA link|o}}
|-
|
|{{IPA link|a}} {{angbr|â}}
|({{IPA link|ɔ}})
|}
{{angbr|a}} is {{IPA|[ː]}} after another vowel, {{IPA|[i]}} after a laminal consonant and after {{IPA|/ik, ek, iɡ, eɡ/}}. For some speakers, it is {{IPA|[u]}} after {{IPA|/uk, yk, uɡ, yɡ/}}. Otherwise it is {{IPA|[ə]}} or {{IPA|[ɨ]}}.
== Vocabulary ==
===Pronouns===
{|class=wikitable
!colspan=2|Person
!Direct
!Genitive
!Oblique
|-
!rowspan=2|1st
!sg.
|''õ'', ''õċ''
|''yĩ''
|''yī̃''
|-
!pl.
|colspan=2|''yimó''
|''yimṓ''
|-
!rowspan=2|2nd
!sg.
|''tü''
|''tu''
|''tū''
|-
!pl.
|colspan=2|''šo''
|''šō''
|}
===Numbers===
# ''e'', ''ev'', ''ē''
# ''dü''
# ''tre''
# ''što''
# ''puč''
# ''ṣu''
# ''sut''
# ''vuṣṭ''
# ''nu''
# ''duċ''
# ''yaníċ''
# ''diċ''
# ''triċ''
# ''štreċ''
# ''pačíċ''
# ''ṣeċ''
# ''satíċ''
# ''aṣṭíċ''
# ''neċ''
# ''viċí''
== Further reading ==
* {{cite thesis |last=Halfmann |first=Jakob |date=2024 |title=A Grammatical Description of the Katë Language (Nuristani) |type=PhD thesis |publisher=Universität zu Köln |url=https://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/73732/}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Bibliography==
* {{cite web |title=The Kom |author-last=Strand |author-first=Richard F. |date=2019-04-20 |access-date=2024-02-06 |website=Richard Strand's Nuristan Site |url=http://nuristan.info/Nuristani/Kamkata/Kom/kom.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926231824/http://nuristan.info/Nuristani/Kamkata/Kom/kom.html |archive-date=2023-09-26}}
* The Mumo. Retrieved July 10, 2006, from ''Richard F. Strand: Nuristan, Hidden Land of the Hindu-Kush'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20060811064501/http://users.sedona.net/~strand/Nuristani/Kamkata/Mumo/mumo.html].
* {{cite journal |last=Strand |first=Richard F. |year=1973 |title=Notes on the Nūristāni and Dardic Languages |journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society |volume=93 |number=3 |pages=297–305 |doi=10.2307/599462 |jstor=599462}}
* {{cite journal |last=Strand |first=Richard F. |title=Ethnolinguistic and Genetic Clues to Nûristânî Origins |journal=International Journal of Diachronic Linguistics and Linguistic Reconstruction |volume=19 |issue= |date=2023 |pages=267–353 |doi=10.29091/9783752002348|isbn=978-3-7520-0234-8 |url=https://su.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1741655/FULLTEXT01 }}
==External links==
{{Incubator|code=xvi}}
* {{cite web| url=http://nuristan.info/| title=Nuristan: Hidden Land of the Hindu Kush| author=Strand, Richard F.| year=1997| access-date=2012-01-16}}
* {{cite web| url=https://nuristan.info/lngFrameL.html| title=Kâmv'iri Lexicon| author=Strand, Richard F.| year=1999| access-date=2012-01-16}}
* {{cite web| url=http://nuristan.info/Nuristani/Kamkata/Kom/KomLanguage/Lexicon/phon.html| title=The Sound System of Kâmv'iri| author=Strand, Richard F.| year=1997| access-date=2012-01-16}}
{{Nuristani languages}}
Category:Nuristani languages of Afghanistan
Category:Languages of Afghanistan
Category:Nuristani languages
---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Southeastern Katë dialect](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southeastern_Kat%C3%AB_dialect) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southeastern_Kat%C3%AB_dialect?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.