# South African Class Afro 4000

> Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/South_African_Class_Afro_4000
> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/South_African_Class_Afro_4000.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Class_Afro_4000
> Source revision: 1269980767
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

Type of diesel-electric locomotive

South African Class Afro 4000 No. 4007 at Beaufort West, 15 September 2015 Type and origin Power type Diesel-electric Designer Vossloh España Builder Vossloh España Serial number 2781-2800 Model Afro 4000 Build date 2014-2015 Total produced 20 Specifications Configuration: ​ • AAR C-C • UIC Co'Co' • Commonwealth Co-Co Gauge 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Cape gauge Wheel diameter 1,067 mm (42.01 in) new 991 mm (39.02 in) worn Minimum curve 90 m (295.28 ft) Wheelbase: ​ • Bogie 3,600 mm (11 ft 9+3⁄4 in) Pivot centres 14,600 mm (47 ft 10+3⁄4 in) Length: ​ • Over couplers 23,020 mm (75 ft 6+1⁄4 in) • Over beams 22,800 mm (74 ft 9+5⁄8 in) Width 2,850 mm (9 ft 4+1⁄4 in) Height 4,140 mm (13 ft 7 in) Axle load 20.5 t (20.2 long tons; 22.6 short tons) ± 2% Loco weight 123 t (121 long tons; 136 short tons) ± 3% Fuel type Diesel Fuel capacity 6,693 litres (1,472 imp gal; 1,768 US gal) Lubricant cap. 1,300 litres (290 imp gal; 340 US gal) Coolant cap. 1,500 litres (330 imp gal; 400 US gal) Sandbox cap. 480 litres (110 imp gal) in 8 sandboxes Power supply Marathon 64V/L2V-420Ah battery Prime mover GM-EMD 16-710G3B-T2 RPM range 200-904 ​ • RPM low idle 200 • Maximum RPM 904 Engine type 2-stroke diesel Alternator CA6 3 phase ACV 10 pole 215 V between phases at 904 rpm 120 Hz at 900 rpm Generator Main: AR20 V DC Max output current 8100 A Max output voltage 1465 V DC Auxiliary: Brushless type Output 74 V DC Continuous power 25 kW (34 hp) Traction motors Six type D43-TR DC ​ • Continuous 950A Cylinders 16 V (45°) Cylinder size 230.2 by 279 mm (9.06 by 10.98 in) Gear ratio 67:18 Loco brake Electro-pneumatic, Dynamic Air tank cap. 800 litres (180 imp gal; 210 US gal) Compressor Knorr-Bremse - Max effort 91 kilonewtons (20,000 lbf) Exhauster Gardner Denver WLSA9F - 117 cu ft/min (3.3 m3/min) ICFM @ 1050 rpm & 140 psi (9.7 bar; 970 kPa) Safety systems Overspeed: Traction power cutout at 132 km/h (82 mph), emergency brake application at 136 km/h (85 mph) Couplers AAR knuckle Performance figures Maximum speed 130 km/h (81 mph) Power output 3,178 kW (4,262 hp) Brakeforce 1,500 kW (2,000 hp) Dynamic brake peak effort 141 kilonewtons (32,000 lbf) @ 41 km/h (25 mph) 50 kilonewtons (11,000 lbf) @ 120 km/h (75 mph) Career Operators PRASA Class Afro 4000 Number in class 20 Numbers 4001-4020 Delivered 2014-2015 First run 2014

The **Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa Class Afro 4000** of 2014 is a South African diesel-electric locomotive.

In late November 2014, the first of an intended twenty new Class Afro 4000 diesel-electric locomotives for the [Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa](/source/Passenger_Rail_Agency_of_South_Africa) (PRASA) came ashore in Table Bay Harbour. The locomotive, the first new engine to be acquired by PRASA since its establishment, was officially unveiled at Cape Town Station on 1 December 2014.[1][2][3]

## Manufacturers

The South African Class Afro 4000 is a 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) [Cape gauge](/source/Cape_gauge) version of the [Euro 4000](/source/Vossloh_Euro) which has been built since 2007 by Vossloh Rail Vehicles of [Albuixech](/source/Albuixech), Valencia for European 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) [standard gauge](/source/Standard_gauge) and 1,668 mm (5 ft 5+21⁄32 in) [Iberian gauge](/source/Iberian_gauge) railways. A number is also in use by [Israel Railways](/source/Israel_Railways).[4][5]

## Swifambo Rail Leasing

The intended twenty Afro 4000 diesel-electric locomotives, to be followed by fifty Vossloh-built AfroDual electro-diesel locomotives, were acquired by Swifambo Rail Leasing, a [Black Economic Empowerment](/source/Black_Economic_Empowerment) [rolling stock company](/source/Rolling_stock_company), and would be operated by PRASA on lease.[3][6]

## Features

The locomotive has a [Co-Co](/source/Co-Co_locomotives) axle configuration, two-cab design, DC main and auxiliary generators and an AC auxiliary alternator, with six DC traction motors. While the majority of South African mainline electric locomotives to date have been dual-cab units, the two-cab design is a new feature on South African mainline diesel-electric locomotives. It allows travel in both directions without the requirement for turning facilities at terminals.[1][3][4][7]

As a result of the narrow [Cape Gauge](/source/Cape_Gauge), there was insufficient space on the axles to accommodate disk brakes. The locomotive is therefore equipped with the older design tread brakes. In addition, the locomotive's brake system was modified so that the driver can isolate the locomotive brakes from the train brakes in situations where it is not necessary to activate the whole train's brakes.[8]

Works plate on no. 4012

The locomotive is equipped with a state-of-the-art communications system and [Global Positioning System](/source/Global_Positioning_System) (GPS) to permit the railway to keep track of each train at all times. A [*Groupe Spécial Mobile* (Global System for Mobile Communications or GSM)](/source/GSM) data transmission system ensures that any maintenance and repair work required is immediately relayed to the maintenance depots, thereby minimising downtime. Minimum maintenance and repair costs are made possible by a modular design which permits easy assembly, disassembly and complete module replacements with easy access to components.[1][3][4]

The locomotive provides optimum driving conditions with a spacious cab which offers the driver unobstructed external vision. The cab is separately air-conditioned to assure agreeable conditions for the driver and features fire-protection. The windscreen is shock-resistant to further enhance the driver's safety and also ensures minimum noise levels in the cab. An integrated crash system ensures that both the driver and the locomotive are protected in the event of a collision.[4]

Like many contemporary European locomotives which only require one crew member driving from a central position, the Afro 4000 was originally designed with only one centrally positioned seat. As a result of trade union pressure, another seat had to be added at a late stage which resulted in a cab design which has both seats occupying not much more than half of the cab area.[9]

## Service

The Class Afro 4000 was the first new locomotive type to be acquired for PRASA since its establishment on 23 December 2008. It was officially unveiled at Cape Town Station on 1 December 2014. To date PRASA had been using electric and diesel-electric locomotives which had first entered service in the 1970s during the South African Railways era, and a number of [Class 18E electric locomotives](/source/South_African_Class_18E%2C_Series_1) which had been rebuilt from older [Class 6E1](/source/South_African_Class_6E1%2C_Series_5) units. Following testing, the first of the new locomotives entered trial service in April 2015, pending clearance for operational use by the [Railway Safety Regulator](/source/Railway_Safety_Regulator).[1][10]

It was intended to employ ten of the Afro 4000 locomotives on commuter runs in the Eastern Cape working out of Port Elizabeth and East London, where PRASA had been dependent on diesel-electric locomotives hired from [Transnet Freight Rail](/source/Transnet_Freight_Rail). The rest, along with the AfroDual electro-diesel locomotives, would be employed on six [Shosholoza Meyl](/source/Shosholoza_Meyl) intercity passenger routes throughout the country. The new locomotive fleet was intended to help resurrect PRASA's mainline passenger services which had been steadily declining over several years as a result of poor management and infrastructure theft, which led to late departures and arrivals, trains cancelled without notice, breakdowns which left passengers stranded, poor rolling stock maintenance, lax and indifferent onboard service and torched trains.[11][12][13][14]

PRASA's decline has seen the total volumes carried by Shosholoza Meyl mainline passenger services drop from three million annually in 2009/10 to less than one million in 2014, while the number of trains operated was halved from 6,000 to 3,000 annually. Eight scheduled mainline train routes were discontinued by PRASA in the same week that the first Afro 4000 locomotive was unveiled, while another four mainline train routes were curtailed by discontinuing trains on certain weekdays. Some of these trains were reintroduced in April 2015.[15][16][17][18]

## Loading gauge controversy

### Construction

The Euro 4000 locomotive was designed to operate throughout Europe and is 4,264 millimetres (13 feet 11+7⁄8 inches) high above the railhead. During the tendering and negotiating process, PRASA submitted a [loading gauge](/source/Loading_gauge) specification which called for a maximum height of 4,140 millimetres (13 feet 7 inches). Since the latter height was feasible by only modifying the detachable roof structures and some components without affecting the carbody structure or requiring major modifications, Vossloh España proceeded with the locomotive design once the contract was signed.[19][20][21]

The Transnet Freight Rail loading gauge specification which had been submitted during the tender phase when only the Euro Dual [electro-diesel locomotive](/source/Electro-diesel_locomotive) was being considered in the scope of the contract, was one which made special allowance for the [pantographs](/source/Pantograph_(transport)) on electric locomotives to exceed the actual maximum height of 3,965 millimetres (13 feet 1⁄8 inch). The loading gauge specification for diesel-electric locomotives and other rail vehicles, specifying a maximum height of 3,965 millimetres (13 feet 1⁄8 inch) above the railhead, was submitted to the manufacturer in October 2013 after the locomotive design was completed. The two loading gauge versions are identical in respect of roof profile and height, and differ only in respect of the special provision for the pantographs on electric locomotives to exceed the prescribed maximum height.[19][20][21]

Since reducing the locomotive height to 3,965 millimetres (13 feet 1⁄8 inch) would require a complete re-design of the vehicle equipment and the carbody structure and since the Afro 4000 locomotive, as already designed, would fit into the first submitted loading gauge for electric locomotive pantographs, PRASA accepted the locomotive design at the 4,140 millimetres (13 feet 7 inches) height.[19][20][21]

### Height constraint tests

In January and February 2014, PRASA conducted height verification at bridges with notable height constraints at Jeppe, Denver, Driehoek and New Era, towing [Class 7E2 no. E7201](/source/South_African_Class_7E2%2C_Series_2) which is 4,190 millimetres (13 feet 9 inches) high with pantographs down and with a carbody height of 3,942 millimetres (12 feet 11+1⁄4 inches). Of these locations, the lowest measured height of the [contact wire](/source/Overhead_line) above the railhead was 4,150 millimetres (13 feet 7+3⁄8 inches) at Denver. The pantographs in the housed (lowered) position began to foul and lift the contact wire approximately 10 metres (32 feet 9+3⁄4 inches) from the bridges and at Denver and New Era stretched the cross spans.[20][21][22]

Similar tests were carried out between [Beaufort West](/source/Beaufort_West) and [Cape Town](/source/Cape_Town) towing [Class 7E no. E7058](/source/South_African_Class_7E), which is 4,200 millimetres (13 feet 9+3⁄8 inches) high with pantographs down and with a carbody height of 3,942 millimetres (12 feet 11+1⁄4 inches).

The resulting report concluded that the Afro 4000's [loading gauge](/source/Loading_gauge) does not fit in the South African [infrastructure clearance envelope](/source/Structure_gauge). While the PRASA rolling stock, the Class 7E and 7E2 locomotives which were used during the tests, also do not comply with the [structure gauge](/source/Structure_gauge) [clearance](/source/Engineering_tolerance) under the bridge, there was no direct contact of the carbody with the overhead contact wire since the pantographs are insulated from the roof. The Afro 4000, however, has a minimum calculated roof clearance of only 10 millimetres (3⁄8 inch), which poses an operational electrical risk. Since it does not fit the designed [earth clearances](/source/Earthing_system) at bridges and tunnels and the height of the locomotive encroaches too close to the contact wire, the risk to the driver and the locomotive is high. One of the recommendations was that delivery of the Afro 4000 should be delayed, pending a suggested design review.[20][21][22]

### Post-delivery testing

In spite of the recommendations, the first locomotive was delivered in November 2014. On 13 July 2015, with thirteen locomotives already delivered and following a press report about the excessive height of the Afro 4000 locomotive, PRASA Chief Executive Officer [Lucky Montana](/source/Lucky_Montana) denied that the locomotive's height was excessive and insisted that PRASA had followed a strict design review process. Two days later, on 15 July, Montana was dismissed, followed on 17 July by the suspension of chief engineer and "designer" of the locomotive "Doctor" Daniel Mthimkhulu on account of his fictitious academic qualifications.[20][21][23][24][25][26][27]

No. 4010, derailed at Modderrivier on 19 August 2015

On 19 August 2015, during the locomotive's trial period pending clearance for operational use by the Railway Safety Regulator, one of the locomotives was involved in a passenger train derailment at [Modderrivier](/source/Modder_River%2C_Northern_Cape) south of Kimberley. The integrated crash system was severely put to the test during the derailment, since the locomotive struck a catenary mast while toppling over and suffered extreme damage to the cab which resulted in serious injury to the driver's assistant.[28][29][30]

### Contract collusion

With only thirteen of the twenty locomotives delivered, PRASA chairman [Popo Molefe](/source/Popo_Molefe) approached the [High Court](/source/High_Court_of_South_Africa) in [Johannesburg](/source/Johannesburg) in November 2015 in an attempt to have the R4,800,000,000 locomotive contract with Vossloh España cancelled on the grounds of blatant collusion during the tender process. In an affidavit, Molefe laid out details of how the tender was allegedly rigged and specifically designed to favour [Swifambo Rail Leasing](/source/Swifambo_Rail_Leasing), a front company owned by [Black Economic Empowerment](/source/Black_Economic_Empowerment) beneficiary Auswell Mashaba which was allegedly formed specifically for the "joint venture" transaction with Vossloh España.[31]

On 2 July 2017 the High Court in Johannesburg struck down the contract, finding that the tender was rigged to favour Swifambo Rail Leasing who used its Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment rating to front for the Spanish manufacturer. With R2,600,000,000 already paid by Prasa to Swifambo for only thirteen unusable locomotives delivered, the process to recoup the money has yet to begin.[32][33]

## Works numbers

The locomotive unit numbers, works numbers and years of construction are listed in the table.

Class Afro 4000 Loco no. Works no. Year 4001 2781 2014 4002 2782 2014 4003 2783 2014 4004 2784 2015 4005 2785 2015 4006 2786 2015 4007 2787 2015 4008 2788 2015 4009 2789 2015 4010 2790 2015 (Wrecked 2015) 4011 2791 2015 4012 2792 2015 4013 2793 2015 4014 2794 2015 (Never delivered) 4015 2795 2015 (Never delivered) 4016 2796 2015 (Never delivered) 4017 2797 2015 (Never delivered) 4018 2798 2015 (Never delivered) 4019 2799 2015 (Never delivered) 4020 2800 2015 (Never delivered)

## Livery

The Class Afro 4000 locomotives were delivered in the [Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa](/source/Passenger_Rail_Agency_of_South_Africa)'s blue livery.

		- No. 4011, right side, Table Bay Yard, 2 April 2015

		- No. 4001, left side, Bloemfontein, 18 September 2015

		- No. 4012, no. 1 end, Table Bay Yard, 2 April 2015

		- No. 4010, no. 2 end, Table Bay Yard, 2 April 2015

## References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to [South African Class Afro 4000](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:South_African_Class_Afro4000).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-fin24_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-fin24_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-fin24_1-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-fin24_1-3) [SA gets high powered locomotives - fin24, 1 December 2014](http://www.fin24.com/Economy/SA-gets-high-powered-locomotives-20141201) (Accessed 30 April 2015)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Vossloh_2-0)** [Vossloh Rail Vehicles Press Release, 10 October 2013 - Vossloh gains large order in South Africa](http://www.vossloh-rail-vehicles.com/en/press/press_releases/press_release_details_2652.html) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160126173827/http://www.vossloh-rail-vehicles.com/en/press/press_releases/press_release_details_2652.html) 26 January 2016 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine) (Accessed 30 April 2015)

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-RA2Dec14_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-RA2Dec14_3-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-RA2Dec14_3-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-RA2Dec14_3-3) [Railways Africa, 2 Dec 2014 - New PRASA Locos Arrive](http://www.railwaysafrica.com/blog/2014/12/02/new-prasa-locos-arrive/) (Accessed 1 May 2015)

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Euro_4000_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Euro_4000_4-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Euro_4000_4-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-Euro_4000_4-3) [Vossloh Rail Vehicles - The Euro 4000](http://www.vossloh-rail-vehicles.com/en/products_1/locomotives/diesel_electric_locomotives_1/euro4000_1/euro4000_3.html) (Accessed 30 April 2015)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-elpais12_5-0)** ["Vossloh Extends Israel Contract by €30 Million"](http://ccaa.elpais.com/ccaa/2012/09/10/valencia/1347269864_848844.html). *[El País](/source/El_Pa%C3%ADs)* (in Spanish). 10 September 2012. Retrieved 15 September 2012.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Swifambo_6-0)** [Swifambo Holdings - Our Company's History](http://www.swifamboholdings.co.za/about/) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20150708182911/http://www.swifamboholdings.co.za/about/) 8 July 2015 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine) (Accessed 1 May 2015)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Datasheet_7-0)** PRASA Data Sheet on the Afro 4000

1. **[^](#cite_ref-JadeWilson_8-0)** [Facebook Group Railways of the World - Comment by Jade Wilson](https://www.facebook.com/groups/455554894509760/permalink/847782498620329/?comment_id=849255608473018&offset=0&total_comments=2&notif_t=group_comment_mention) (Accessed 7 July 2015)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Ashley_9-0)** [SAR-L YahooGroup message 49144 of 18 May 2015](https://web.archive.org/web/20150522053653/https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/sar-L/conversations/messages/49144) (Access date 20 May 2015)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-RA21Jan15_10-0)** [Railways Africa, 21 Jan 2015 - Kiss For A Lady From Spain](http://www.railwaysafrica.com/blog/2015/01/21/kiss-lady-spain/) (Accessed 1 May 2015)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-RA9Dec14c_11-0)** [Railways Africa, 9 Dec 2014 - SA Intercity Trains Cut](http://www.railwaysafrica.com/blog/2014/12/09/s-intercity-trains-cut/) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20141210111145/http://www.railwaysafrica.com/blog/2014/12/09/s-intercity-trains-cut/) 10 December 2014 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine) (Accessed 1 May 2015)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-RA9Dec14a_12-0)** [Railways Africa, 9 Dec 2014 - PRASA Today. Well, Last Month…](http://www.railwaysafrica.com/blog/2014/12/09/prasa-today-well-last-month/) (Accessed 1 May 2015)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-RA27Jan15_13-0)** [Railways Africa, 27 Jan 2015 - Electric Train Running on Empty](http://www.railwaysafrica.com/blog/2015/01/27/electric-train-running-empty/) (Accessed 1 May 2015)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-RA17Mar15_14-0)** [Railways Africa, 17 Mar 2015 - Shosholoza Meyl JBG-CT](http://www.railwaysafrica.com/blog/2015/03/17/shosholoza-meyl-jbg-ct/) (Accessed 1 May 2015)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-RA21Oct14_15-0)** [Railways Africa, 21 Oct 2014 - Disquieting MLPS Figures at PRASA’S AGM](http://www.railwaysafrica.com/blog/2014/10/21/disquieting-mlps-figures-prasas-agm/) (Accessed 1 May 2015)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-RA9Dec14b_16-0)** [Railways Africa, 9 Dec 2014 - PRASA "Profit" Questioned](http://www.railwaysafrica.com/blog/2014/12/09/prasa-profit-questioned/) (Accessed 1 May 2015)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Prasa2014-11-27_17-0)** [PRASA Media Release, 27 November 2014 - Mainline Passenger Services Cancels Some Train Routes](https://www.shosholozameyl.co.za/downloads/MEDIA%20RELEASE%20-%20MLPS%20cancels%20some%20train%20routes.pdf) (Accessed 1 May 2015)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-RA7Apr15_18-0)** [Railways Africa, 7 Apr 2015 - Intercity Services Restored](http://www.railwaysafrica.com/blog/2015/04/07/intercity-services-restored/) (Accessed 1 May 2015)

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Height_19-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Height_19-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Height_19-2) Document: Vossloh Euro 4000 Locomotives/Swifambo Holdings Document: 20131113 PRASA E4000 Height Issue v2(1) - Locomotive Height: Euro 4000 Diesel Locomotive, 13 November 2013

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Rapport_20-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Rapport_20-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Rapport_20-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-Rapport_20-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-Rapport_20-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-Rapport_20-5) Só wou Prasa treine krimp - *Rapport*, Sondag 12 Julie 2015.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-News24_21-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-News24_21-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-News24_21-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-News24_21-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-News24_21-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-News24_21-5) [Prasa, Transnet had concerns over locomotive height - documents](http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Prasa-Transnet-had-concerns-over-locomotive-height-documents-20150712) (Accessed 14 July 2015)

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Bridges_22-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Bridges_22-1) PRASA Report: Engineering Report Electrification Infrastructure - Bridge Height Constrained Clearances Verification Using a 7E Class Locomotive, 18 February 2014

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Mtimkulu_23-0)** [IOL News - Prasa unveils new modern locomotive. 2 December 2014](http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/western-cape/prasa-unveils-new-modern-locomotive-1.1789540#.VZ2Qq_mqpBe) (Accessed 8 July 2015)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Business_24-0)** [BusinessTech - Prasa CEO: Top engineer targeted because he is black. 6 July 2015](http://businesstech.co.za/news/general/92468/prasa-ceo-top-engineer-targeted-because-he-is-black/) (Accessed 7 July 2015)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Burger_25-0)** AFRO 4000 - Prasa sweer hoog en laag by loko's - *Die Burger*, Dinsdag 14 Julie 2015, p.2.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Montana_26-0)** [fin24 - Prasa CEO dismissal: Rapport editor reacts. 16 July 2015](http://www.fin24.com/Economy/Lucky-Montana-fired-as-Prasa-CEO-20150716) (Accessed 16 July 2015)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Mthimkhulu_27-0)** [fin24 - Prasa head engineer suspended. 17 July 2015](http://www.fin24.com/Economy/Prasa-head-engineer-suspended-20150717) (Accessed 18 July 2015)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Modder1_28-0)** [Netwerk24, 19 August 2015 - Kyk: Wiele, kabels afgeruk toe nuwe lokomotief, treinwaens ontspoor](http://www.netwerk24.com/Nuus/Kyk-Wiele-kabels-afgeruk-toe-nuwe-lokomotief-treinwaens-ontspoor-20150819) (Accessed 18 January 2016)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Modder2_29-0)** [Netwerk24, 19 August 2015 - Nuwe Prasa-lokomotief, passasierstrein ontspoor in Noord-Kaap](http://www.netwerk24.com/Nuus/Nuwe-Prasa-lokomotief-passasierstrein-ontspoor-in-Noord-Kaap-20150819) (Accessed 18 January 2016)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Modder3_30-0)** [News24, 19 August 2015 - Construction, lack of communication likely caused derailment - Prasa](http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Construction-lack-of-communication-likely-caused-derailment-Prasa-20150819) (Accessed 18 January 2016)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-31)** Jika, Thanduxolo (29 November 2015). ["Take back your trains: Prasa seeks refund in dodgy tender debacle"](http://www.timeslive.co.za/sundaytimes/stnews/2015/11/29/Take-back-your-trains-Prasa-seeks-refund-in-dodgy-tender-debacle). *Sunday Times*. Retrieved 8 April 2016.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Netwerk24_32-0)** [Netwerk24 – *‘Dé, kom haal jul treine’.* Netwerk24, 3 July 2017](http://www.netwerk24.com/Nuus/Hof/de-kom-haal-al-jul-treine-20170703#) (Accessed on 6 August 2017)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-EWN_33-0)** [– *Swifambo Rail Leasing ordered to pay back R2.5BN to Prasa.* Eyewitness News, 3 July 2017](http://ewn.co.za/2017/07/04/swifambo-rail-leasing-ordered-to-pay-back-r2-6bn-to-prasa) (Accessed on 6 August 2017)

v t e Locomotives of South Africa Steam 7' ¼" gauge East London 0-4-0VB Table Bay 0-4-0ST Table Bay 0-4-0T Table Bay 0-4-0WT Standard gauge Cape 0-4-0T Blackie Cape 0-4-2 Cape 2-4-0T CGR 0-4-0ST Aid Natal 0-4-0ST Durban Natal 0-4-0WT Natal Natal 4-4-0T Perseverance Cape gauge Tank engines CGR 0-4-0ST 1873 CGR 0-4-0ST 1874 CGR 0-4-0ST 1881 CGR 0-4-0ST 1881 Coffee Pot CGR 0-6-0ST CGR 0-6-0T CGR 2-6-0ST 1900 CGR 2-6-0ST 1902 CGR 1st Class 0-4-0ST 1875 CGR 1st Class 0-4-0ST 1876 CGR 1st Class 2-6-0ST CGR 1st Class 4-4-0T CGR 2nd Class 4-4-0T CGR 3rd Class 2-6-0T CGR Railmotor CSAR Class C CSAR Class E CSAR Rack 4-6-4RT CSAR Railmotor Durban's Congella Durban's Edward Innes Durban's John Milne Durban's Sir Albert Port Elizabeth 0-4-0ST Kowie Railway 0-6-0T Kowie Railway 4-4-0T Metropolitan & Suburban 4-6-2T NGR 2-6-0T Durban & Pietermaritzburg NGR Class I 2-6-2T NGR Class K 0-4-0ST NGR Class K 0-6-0ST NGR Class K 2-6-0T NZASM 10 Tonner NZASM 13 Tonner NZASM 14 Tonner NZASM 18 Tonner NZASM 19 Tonner NZASM 32 Tonner NZASM 40 Tonner PPR 26 Tonner PPR 35 Tonner Portuguese SAR Class A SAR Class B SAR Class C SAR Class C1 SAR Class C2 SAR Class D SAR Class E SAR Class F SAR Class G SAR Class H SAR Class H1 SAR Class H2 SAR Class J SAR Class K SAR Railmotor SAR Dock 0-4-0ST SAR Dock 0-4-0T SWA 2-8-0T Cape gauge Tender engines CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1876 BP CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1876 Kitson CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1879 CGR 1st Class 2-6-0 1891 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0 CGR 1st Class 4-4-0TT CGR 2nd Class 2-6-2TT CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1883 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1884 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1889 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1898 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1901 CGR 3rd Class 4-4-0 1903 CGR 4th Class 4-4-2 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1880 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1882 CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1882 Joy CGR 4th Class 4-6-0TT 1884 CGR 5th Class 4-6-0 1890 CGR 5th Class 4-6-0 1891 NGR Havelock NGR Class I SAR Class Exp 1 SAR Class Exp 2 SAR Class Exp 3 SAR Class Exp 4 SAR Class Exp 5 SAR Class Exp 6 SAR Class S SAR Class S1 SAR Class S2 SAR Class 1 SAR Class 1A SAR Class 1B SAR Class 2 SAR Class 2C SAR Class 3 SAR Class 3A SAR Class 3B SAR Class 4 SAR Class 4A SAR Class 5 SAR Class 5A SAR Class 5B SAR Class 6 SAR Class 6A SAR Class 6B SAR Class 6C SAR Class 6D SAR Class 6E SAR Class 6F SAR Class 6G SAR Class 6H SAR Class 6J SAR Class 6K SAR Class 6L SAR Class 6Y SAR Class 6Z SAR Class 7 SAR Class 7A SAR Class 7B SAR Class 7C SAR Class 7D SAR Class 7E SAR Class 7F SAR Class 8 SAR Class 8A SAR Class 8B SAR Class 8C SAR Class 8D SAR Class 8E SAR Class 8F SAR Class 8R SAR Class 8X SAR Class 8Y SAR Class 8Z SAR Class 9 SAR Class 10 SAR Class 10A SAR Class 10B SAR Class 10C SAR Class 10D SAR Class 11 SAR Class 12 SAR Class 12A SAR Class 12B SAR Class 13 SAR Class 14 SAR Class 14A SAR Class 14B SAR Class 14C 1st SAR Class 14C 2nd SAR Class 14C 3rd SAR Class 14C 4th SAR Class 15 SAR Class 15A SAR Class 15B SAR Class 15C SAR Class 15CA SAR Class 15E SAR Class 15F SAR Class 16 SAR Class 16A SAR Class 16B SAR Class 16C SAR Class 16D SAR Class 16DA 1928 SAR Class 16DA 1930 SAR Class 16E SAR Class 17 SAR Class 18 SAR Class 19 SAR Class 19A SAR Class 19B SAR Class 19C SAR Class 19D SAR Class 20 SAR Class 21 SAR Class 23 SAR Class 24 SAR Class 25 SAR Class 25NC SAR Class 26 SAR Katanga SWA 2-8-0 Cape gauge Articulated engines CGR Fairlie CGR Kitson-Meyer SAR Class FC SAR Class FD SAR Class GA SAR Class GB SAR Class GC SAR Class GCA SAR Class GD SAR Class GDA SAR Class GE SAR Class GEA SAR Class GF SAR Class GG SAR Class GH SAR Class GK SAR Class GL SAR Class GM SAR Class GMA SAR Class GO SAR Class HF SAR Class KM SAR Class MA SAR Class MB SAR Class MC SAR Class MC1 SAR Class MD SAR Class ME SAR Class MF SAR Class MG SAR Class MH SAR Class MJ SAR Class MJ1 SAR Class U 2' 6" gauge Cape Copper John King & Miner Cape Copper Britannia Cape Copper Caledonia Cape Copper Clara Cape Copper Condenser Cape Copper Scotia Namaqua Copper Pioneer Walvis Bay 2-4-2T Hope 2' & 600mm gauges ACR Class NG-G16A CGR NG 0-4-0T CGR NG 0-6-0T CGR NG 4-6-2T CGR Type A 2-6-4T CGR Type C 0-4-0T NGR Class N 4-6-2T SAR Dutton SAR NG 0-4-0T SAR Class NG1 SAR Class NG2 SAR Class NG3 SAR Class NG4 SAR Class NG5 SAR Class NG6 SAR Class NG7 SAR Class NG8 SAR Class NG9 SAR Class NG10 SAR Class NG-G11 SAR Class NG-G12 SAR Class NG-G13 SAR Class NG-G14 SAR Class NG15 SAR Class NG-G16 SWA Class Ha SWA Class Hb SWA Class Hc SWA Class Hd SWA Jung SWA Zwillinge Electric Amcoal Class E38 SAR Class ES SAR Class ES1 SAR Class Exp-AC SAR Class 1E SAR Class 2E SAR Class 3E SAR Class 4E SAR Class 5E s1 SAR Class 5E s2 SAR Class 5E s3 SAR Class 5E1 s1 SAR Class 5E1 s2 SAR Class 5E1 s3 SAR Class 5E1 s4 SAR Class 5E1 s5 SAR Class 6E SAR Class 6E1 s1 SAR Class 6E1 s2 SAR Class 6E1 s3 SAR Class 6E1 s4 SAR Class 6E1 s5 SAR Class 6E1 s6 SAR Class 6E1 s7 SAR Class 6E1 s8 SAR Class 6E1 s9 SAR Class 6E1 s10 SAR Class 6E1 s11 SAR Class 7E SAR Class 7E1 SAR Class 7E2 s1 SAR Class 7E2 s2 SAR Class 7E3 s1 SAR Class 7E3 s2 Spoornet Class 7E4 SAR Class 8E SAR Class 9E s1 SAR Class 9E s2 SAR Class 10E SAR Class 10E1 s1 Spoornet Class 10E1 s2 SAR Class 10E2 SAR Class 11E SAR Class 12E Spoornet Class 14E Spoornet Class 14E1 TFR Class 15E Spoornet Class 16E Spoornet Class 17E Spoornet Class 18E s1 TFR Class 18E s2 TFR Class 19E TFR Class 20E TFR Class 21E TFR Class 22E TFR Class 23E Gas-electric SAR Gas-electric Diesel Cape gauge Diesel–electric PRASA Class Afro 4000 SAR Class DS SAR Class DS1 SAR Class 31-000 SAR Class 32-000 SAR Class 32-200 SAR Class 33-000 SAR Class 33-200 SAR Class 33-400 SAR Class 34-000 SAR Class 34-200 SAR Class 34-400 SAR Class 34-500 SAR Class 34-600 SAR Class 34-800 SAR Class 34-900 SAR Class 35-000 SAR Class 35-200 SAR Class 35-400 SAR Class 35-600 TFR Class 35-800 SAR Class 36-000 SAR Class 36-200 SAR Class 37-000 Spoornet Class 39-000 TFR Class 39-200 TFR Class 43-000 TFR Class 44-000 TFR Class 45-000 2' gauge Diesel–electric SAR Class 91-000 Cape gauge Diesel–hydraulic SAR Class 61-000 Cape gauge Electro-diesel Spoornet Class 38-000 List of South African locomotive classes South African locomotive numbering and classification

---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [South African Class Afro 4000](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Class_Afro_4000) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Class_Afro_4000?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.