# South African Class 17E

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Class of South African electric locomotives

South African Class 17E E1826 at Capital Park, Pretoria, Gauteng, 28 September 2006 Type and origin Power type Electric Designer Union Carriage & Wagon Builder Union Carriage & Wagon Model UCW 6E1 Build date 1977–1982 Total produced 139 Rebuilder Transnet Rail Engineering Rebuild date 2002–2007 Number rebuilt 136 to Class 18E, Series 1 Specifications Configuration: ​ • AAR B-B • UIC Bo'Bo' • Commonwealth Bo-Bo Gauge 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Cape gauge Wheel diameter 1,220 mm (48.03 in) Wheelbase 11,279 mm (37 ft 0 in) ​ • Bogie 3,430 mm (11 ft 3 in) Pivot centres 7,849 mm (25 ft 9 in) Panto shoes 6,972 mm (22 ft 10+1⁄2 in) Length: ​ • Over couplers 15,494 mm (50 ft 10 in) • Over body 14,631 mm (48 ft 0 in) Width 2,896 mm (9 ft 6 in) Height: ​ • Pantograph 4,089 mm (13 ft 5 in) • Body height 3,937 mm (12 ft 11 in) Axle load 22,226 kg (49,000 lb) Adhesive weight 88,904 kg (196,000 lb) Loco weight 88,904 kg (196,000 lb) Electric system/s 3 kV DC catenary Current pickup Pantographs Traction motors Four AEI-283AY ​ • Rating 1 hour 623 kW (835 hp) • Continuous 563 kW (755 hp) Gear ratio 18:67 Loco brake Air & Regenerative Train brakes Air & Vacuum Couplers AAR knuckle Performance figures Maximum speed 113 km/h (70 mph) Power output: ​ • 1 hour 2,492 kW (3,342 hp) • Continuous 2,252 kW (3,020 hp) Tractive effort: ​ • Starting 311 kN (70,000 lbf) • 1 hour 221 kN (50,000 lbf) • Continuous 193 kN (43,000 lbf) @ 40 km/h (25 mph) Career Operators Spoornet Class Class 17E Number in class 139 Numbers See the table First run 1993 Last run 2007

The **Spoornet Class 17E** of 1993 was a South African electric locomotive.

During 1993 and 1994, [Spoornet](/source/Transnet_Freight_Rail) modified several Class 6E1, Series 7, 8 and 9 locomotives to improve their braking and traction reliability for service on the Natal mainline. These modified locomotives were reclassified to Class 17E.[1]

## Manufacturer

The 3 kV DC Class 6E1 electric locomotive was built for the [South African Railways](/source/South_African_Railways) (SAR) by [Union Carriage & Wagon](/source/Union_Carriage_%26_Wagon) (UCW) in Nigel, Transvaal, with electrical equipment supplied by the [General Electric Company](/source/General_Electric_Company) (GEC). UCW did not allocate works numbers to the locomotives which it built for the SAR, but used the SAR unit numbers for their record keeping.[2]

## Characteristics

### Bogies

Class 6E1 Series 2 to 11 bogies

The Class 6E1 was built with sophisticated traction linkages on their bogies. Together with the locomotive's electronic wheel-slip detection system, these traction struts, mounted between the linkages on the bogies and the locomotive body and colloquially referred to as grasshopper legs, ensured the maximum transfer of power to the rails without causing wheel-slip by reducing the adhesion of the leading bogie and increasing that of the trailing bogie by as much as 15% upon starting. This feature was controlled by electronic wheel-slip detection devices and an electric weight transfer relay which reduced the anchor current to the leading bogie by as much as 50A in notches 2 to 16.[3]

### Brakes

The locomotive itself used air brakes, but it was equipped to operate trains with air or vacuum brakes. While hauling a vacuum braked train, the locomotive's air brake system would be disabled and the train would be controlled by using the train brakes alone to slow down and stop. While hauling an air braked train, on the other hand, the locomotive brakes would engage along with the train brakes. While working either type of train downgrade, the locomotive's regenerative braking system would also work in conjunction with the train brakes.[4]

When the locomotive was stopped, the air brakes on both bogies were applied together. The handbrake or parking brake, located in cab no. 2, only operated on the unit's last axle, or no. 7 and 8 wheels.[4]

### Orientation

These dual cab locomotives had a roof access ladder on one side only, just to the right of the cab access door. The roof access ladder end was marked as the no. 2 end. A corridor along the centre of the locomotive connected the cabs, which were identical apart from the fact that the handbrake was located in cab 2. A pantograph hook stick was stowed in a tube mounted below the lower edge of the locomotive body on the roof access ladder side.[5]

## Modification to Class 17E

Class 17E locomotives were modified and reclassified from Class 6E1, Series 7, 8 or 9 locomotives during 1993 and 1994. Key modifications included improved regenerative braking and wheel-slip control to improve their reliability on the steep grades and curves of the [KwaZulu-Natal](/source/KwaZulu-Natal) mainline.[1]

A stumbling block was that the regeneration equipment at many of the sub-stations along the route was unreliable and since there was no guarantee that another train would be in the same section to absorb the regenerated energy, there was always the risk that line voltage could exceed 4.1 kV, which would make either the sub-station or the locomotive trip out. As a result, the subsequently rebuilt Class 18E locomotives were not equipped with regenerative braking.[6]

Unlike the Class 16E locomotives, which were renumbered and reclassified but otherwise unmodified semi-permanently coupled pairs of Class 6E1, Series 3 to Series 9 locomotives that merely had their no. 1 end cabs abandoned in terms of maintenance, the Class 17Es retained their original unit numbers after reclassification, but with a "17E" marking applied below the locomotive's unit number behind the driver's side window.[1]

Apart from the "17E" markings, they were visually indistinguishable from unmodified Class 6E1s. Those in SAR Gulf Red and yellow whiskers livery that still carried number plates even still showed "6E1" on the plates. Altogether 139 Class 6E1 locomotives were modified to Class 17E, of which 14 were Series 7, 55 Series 8 and 70 Series 9.[1]

## Rebuilding to Class 18E

Cab 1 of Class 18E no. 18-328, ex Class 17E no. E2071, Sentrarand, 22 September 2009

In 2000, Spoornet began a project to rebuild Series 2 to 11 Class 6E1 locomotives to [Class 18E, Series 1](/source/South_African_Class_18E%2C_Series_1) and [Series 2](/source/South_African_Class_18E%2C_Series_2) at the Transnet Rail Engineering (TRE) workshops at Koedoespoort. In the process the cab at the no. 1 end was stripped of all controls and the driver's front and side windows were blanked off to have a toilet installed, thereby forfeiting the locomotive's bi-directional ability.[1][7]

Brake rack in Class 18E no. 18-089

Since the driving cab's noise level had to be below 85 decibels, cab 2 was selected as the Class 18E driving cab, primarily based on its lower noise level compared to cab 1 which was closer and more exposed to the compressor's noise and vibration. Another factor was the closer proximity of cab 2 to the low voltage switch panel. The fact that the handbrake was located in cab 2 was not a deciding factor, but was considered an additional benefit.[7]

While the earlier Class 6E1, Series 2 to 7 locomotives had been built with a brake system which consisted of various valves connected to each other with pipes and commonly referred to as a "bicycle frame" brake system, the Class 6E1, Series 8 to 11 locomotives were built with an air equipment frame brake system, commonly referred to as a brake rack. Since the design of the rebuilt Class 18E locomotives included the same brake rack, the rebuilding project was begun with the newer series 8 to 11 locomotives to reduce the overall cost of rebuilding.[7]

Between 2002 and 2007, all but three of the Class 17Es were rebuilt to Class 18E, Series 1. The exceptions are numbers E1778, E1803 and E2035, which are presumed to have been scrapped. The table lists their Class 6E1 series and numbers, Class 18E numbers and year of rebuilding.

Class 17E units rebuilt to Class 18E Count 17E no. 6E1 series Year built 18E no. Year rebuilt 1 E1749 7 1977 18-332 2007 2 E1775 7 1977 18-292 2006 3 E1776 7 1977 18-326 2007 4 E1777 7 1977 18-289 2006 5 E1801 7 1977–78 18-331 2007 6 E1805 7 1977–78 18-260 2006 7 E1810 7 1977–78 18-294 2006 8 E1822 7 1977–78 18-097 2003 9 E1826 7 1977–78 18-344 2007 10 E1827 7 1977–78 18-283 2006 11 E1832 7 1978 18-307 2007 12 E1843 7 1978 18-270 2006 13 E1900 8 1979 18-262 2006 14 E1901 8 1979 18-298 2006 15 E1904 8 1979 18-087 2003 16 E1905 8 1979 18-311 2007 17 E1906 8 1979 18-284 2006 18 E1907 8 1979 18-330 2007 19 E1908 8 1979 18-288 2006 20 E1909 8 1979 18-061 2002 21 E1910 8 1979 18-295 2006 22 E1913 8 1979 18-340 2007 23 E1921 8 1979–80 18-341 2007 24 E1922 8 1979–80 18-306 2007 25 E1924 8 1979–80 18-334 2007 26 E1931 8 1980 18-202 2005 27 E1933 8 1980 18-320 2007 28 E1934 8 1980 18-094 2003 29 E1935 8 1980 18-018 2002 30 E1936 8 1980 18-274 2006 31 E1937 8 1980 18-216 2005 32 E1938 8 1980 18-293 2006 33 E1939 8 1980 18-203 2005 34 E1940 8 1980 18-084 2003 35 E1944 8 1980 18-197 2005 36 E1945 8 1980 18-207 2005 37 E1946 8 1980 18-062 2002 38 E1947 8 1980 18-290 2006 39 E1949 8 1980 18-064 2002 40 E1962 8 1980 18-070 2003 41 E1964 8 1980 18-329 2007 42 E1965 8 1980 18-316 2007 43 E1966 8 1980 18-178 2005 44 E1967 8 1980 18-263 2006 45 E1968 8 1980 18-222 2005 46 E1969 8 1980 18-201 2005 47 E1971 8 1980 18-269 2006 48 E1976 8 1980 18-256 2006 49 E1979 8 1980 18-337 2007 50 E1982 8 1980 18-272 2006 51 E1983 8 1980 18-296 2006 52 E1984 8 1980–81 18-226 2005 53 E1985 8 1980–81 18-312 2007 54 E1986 8 1980–81 18-215 2005 55 E1987 8 1980–81 18-324 2007 56 E1989 8 1981 18-303 2006 57 E1990 8 1981 18-310 2007 58 E1991 8 1981 18-225 2005 59 E1992 8 1981 18-278 2006 60 E1993 8 1981 18-336 2007 61 E1994 8 1981 18-305 2006 62 E1995 8 1981 18-279 2006 63 E1996 8 1981 18-315 2007 64 E1997 8 1981 18-156 2004 65 E1998 8 1981 18-237 2006 66 E1999 8 1981 18-065 2002 67 E2000 8 1981 18-309 2007 68 E2003 9 1981–82 18-285 2006 69 E2005 9 1981–82 18-308 2007 70 E2006 9 1981–82 18-325 2007 71 E2007 9 1981–82 18-236 2005 72 E2008 9 1981–82 18-275 2006 73 E2011 9 1981–82 18-255 2006 74 E2012 9 1981–82 18-273 2006 75 E2015 9 1981–82 18-261 2006 76 E2016 9 1981–82 18-232 2005 77 E2017 9 1981–82 18-299 2006 78 E2018 9 1981–82 18-249 2006 79 E2019 9 1981–82 18-252 2006 80 E2020 9 1981–82 18-194 2005 81 E2022 9 1981–82 18-211 2005 82 E2023 9 1981–82 18-267 2006 83 E2024 9 1981–82 18-259 2006 84 E2025 9 1981–82 18-193 2005 85 E2026 9 1981–82 18-196 2005 86 E2027 9 1981–82 18-319 2007 87 E2028 9 1981–82 18-210 2005 88 E2029 9 1981–82 18-327 2007 89 E2030 9 1981–82 18-223 2005 90 E2031 9 1981–82 18-304 2006 91 E2032 9 1981–82 18-301 2006 92 E2033 9 1981–82 18-246 2006 93 E2034 9 1981–82 18-254 2006 94 E2036 9 1981–82 18-247 2006 95 E2037 9 1981–82 18-037 2002 96 E2038 9 1981–82 18-074 2003 97 E2039 9 1981–82 18-230 2005 98 E2040 9 1981–82 18-241 2006 99 E2041 9 1981–82 18-276 2006 100 E2042 9 1981–82 18-227 2005 101 E2043 9 1981–82 18-234 2005 102 E2044 9 1982 18-219 2005 103 E2045 9 1982 18-238 2005 104 E2046 9 1982 18-271 2006 105 E2047 9 1982 18-268 2006 106 E2048 9 1982 18-258 2006 107 E2050 9 1982 18-239 2006 108 E2051 9 1982 18-229 2005 109 E2052 9 1982 18-218 2005 110 E2053 9 1982 18-093 2003 111 E2054 9 1982 18-257 2006 112 E2055 9 1982 18-028 2002 113 E2056 9 1982 18-079 2003 114 E2057 9 1982 18-240 2005 115 E2058 9 1982 18-253 2006 116 E2059 9 1982 18-321 2007 117 E2060 9 1982 18-250 2006 118 E2062 9 1982 18-282 2006 119 E2063 9 1982 18-242 2006 120 E2064 9 1982 18-281 2006 121 E2065 9 1982 18-192 2005 122 E2066 9 1982 18-212 2005 123 E2067 9 1982 18-245 2006 124 E2068 9 1982 18-302 2006 125 E2069 9 1982 18-291 2006 126 E2070 9 1982 18-224 2005 127 E2071 9 1982 18-328 2007 128 E2073 9 1982 18-243 2006 129 E2075 9 1982 18-073 2003 130 E2076 9 1982 18-228 2005 131 E2077 9 1982 18-244 2006 132 E2079 9 1982 18-127 2004 133 E2081 9 1982 18-251 2006 134 E2082 9 1982 18-235 2005 135 E2084 9 1982 18-217 2005 136 E2085 9 1982 18-214 2005

## Illustration

The main picture shows Class 17E no. E1826, ex Class 6E1, Series 7, at Capital Park in Pretoria on 28 September 2006. The "17E" markings below the locomotive numbers on this and the following picture were the only means to visually distinguish Class 17E locomotives from unmodified Class 6E1 locomotives.

		- Class 17E no. E1913, ex Class 6E1, Series 8, at Capital Park, Pretoria, 28 September 2006

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Middleton_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Middleton_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Middleton_1-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-Middleton_1-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-Middleton_1-4) Middleton, John N. (2002). *Railways of Southern Africa Locomotive Guide - 2002 (as amended by Combined Amendment List 4, January 2009)* (2nd, Dec 2002 ed.). Herts, England: Beyer-Garratt Publications. pp. 49–51, 57.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** ["UCW – Electric locomotives"](https://web.archive.org/web/20071012023401/http://www.ucw.co.za/pdf/electric_loco.pdf) (PDF). The UCW Partnership. Archived from [the original](http://www.ucw.co.za/pdf/electric_loco.pdf) (PDF) on 12 October 2007. Retrieved 30 September 2010.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Paxton-Bourne_3-0)** Paxton, Leith; Bourne, David (1985). *Locomotives of the South African Railways* (1st ed.). Cape Town: Struik. pp. 128–129. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0869772112](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0869772112).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Operation_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Operation_4-1) [Operation – South African Classes 6E, 6E1, 16E, 17E and 18E](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:South_African_Class_6E#Operation_–_South_African_Classes_6E,_6E1,_16E,_17E_and_18E)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-E&D_diagram-book_5-0)** South African Railways Index and Diagrams Electric and Diesel Locomotives, 610mm and 1065mm Gauges, Ref LXD 14/1/100/20, 28 January 1975, as amended

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Class_17E_braking_systems_6-0)** [Class 17E braking systems](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:South_African_Class_17E#Class_17E_braking_systems)

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Koedoespoort_7-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Koedoespoort_7-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Koedoespoort_7-2) Information gathered from the rebuild files of individual locomotives at Transnet Rail Engineering's Koedoespoort shops, or obtained from John Middleton as well as several Transnet employees

## External links

Media related to [South African Class 17E](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:South_African_Class_17E) at Wikimedia Commons

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8E SAR Class 9E s1 SAR Class 9E s2 SAR Class 10E SAR Class 10E1 s1 Spoornet Class 10E1 s2 SAR Class 10E2 SAR Class 11E SAR Class 12E Spoornet Class 14E Spoornet Class 14E1 TFR Class 15E Spoornet Class 16E Spoornet Class 17E Spoornet Class 18E s1 TFR Class 18E s2 TFR Class 19E TFR Class 20E TFR Class 21E TFR Class 22E TFR Class 23E Gas-electric SAR Gas-electric Diesel Cape gauge Diesel–electric PRASA Class Afro 4000 SAR Class DS SAR Class DS1 SAR Class 31-000 SAR Class 32-000 SAR Class 32-200 SAR Class 33-000 SAR Class 33-200 SAR Class 33-400 SAR Class 34-000 SAR Class 34-200 SAR Class 34-400 SAR Class 34-500 SAR Class 34-600 SAR Class 34-800 SAR Class 34-900 SAR Class 35-000 SAR Class 35-200 SAR Class 35-400 SAR Class 35-600 TFR Class 35-800 SAR Class 36-000 SAR Class 36-200 SAR Class 37-000 Spoornet Class 39-000 TFR Class 39-200 TFR Class 43-000 TFR Class 44-000 TFR Class 45-000 2' gauge Diesel–electric SAR Class 91-000 Cape gauge Diesel–hydraulic SAR Class 61-000 Cape gauge Electro-diesel Spoornet Class 38-000 List of South African locomotive classes South African locomotive numbering and classification

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [South African Class 17E](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Class_17E) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Class_17E?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.