# Ska punk

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Fusion music genre

Not to be confused with [Skate punk](/source/Skate_punk).

Ska punk Stylistic origins Ska punk rock reggae fusion Cultural origins Late 1970s, United Kingdom Fusion genres Skacore crack rock steady

**Ska punk** (or **ska-punk**) is a fusion genre that mixes [ska](/source/Ska) with [punk rock](/source/Punk_rock). Ska punk tends to feature [brass instruments](/source/Brass_instrument), especially [horns](/source/Horn_(instrument)) such as trumpets, trombones and woodwind instruments like saxophones, making the genre distinct from other forms of punk rock. It is closely tied to [third wave ska](/source/Third_wave_ska), which reached its zenith in the mid-1990s.

Before ska punk began, many ska bands and punk rock bands performed on the same bills. Some music groups from the late 1970s and early 1980s, such as [the Clash](/source/The_Clash), the Deadbeats, [the Specials](/source/The_Specials), [the Beat](/source/The_Beat_(British_band)), and [Madness](/source/Madness_(band)) fused characteristics of punk rock and ska, but many of these were punk bands playing an occasional ska-flavored song or ska bands with punk influences. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, ska-punk enjoyed its greatest success, heralded by bands such as [Fishbone](/source/Fishbone), [the Mighty Mighty Bosstones](/source/The_Mighty_Mighty_Bosstones), [Sublime](/source/Sublime_(band)), [Less Than Jake](/source/Less_Than_Jake), and more.

Ska punk had significant mainstream success in the mid-to-late 1990s, with many bands topping pop and rock music charts. The best-selling ska punk record of the era was [No Doubt](/source/No_Doubt)'s *[Tragic Kingdom](/source/Tragic_Kingdom)* (1995), which was certified diamond by the [RIAA](/source/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America) in 1999 and was certified diamond by [Music Canada](/source/Music_Canada) in 1997. By the early 2000s, many of the bands in ska punk had broken up, and the genre lost mainstream appeal, though it continued to have [underground](/source/Underground_music) popularity and featured a revival in the late 2010s with bands like [the Interrupters](/source/The_Interrupters_(band)) returning to chart success, when their song "She's Kerosene" reached the top 5 on [alternative](/source/Alternative_rock) and rock music charts in Canada and the US, as well as in the early 2020s with [hyperpop](/source/Hyperpop) duo [100 gecs](/source/100_gecs) album *[10,000 gecs](/source/10%2C000_gecs)* incorporating elements of ska punk to critical acclaim.[1][2]

## Characteristics

Ska punk combines [ska](/source/Ska) music with [punk rock](/source/Punk_rock) music.[3] Ska punk often features wind instruments, especially [horns](/source/Horn_(instrument))[4] such as saxophones, trombones[5] and trumpets, making the genre distinct from other forms of punk rock. It is similar to traditional Jamaican ska, but faster and heavier.[4]

## History

### Predecessors and early development (late 1970s to early 1990s)

Ska punk band [Operation Ivy](/source/Operation_Ivy_(band)) performing live at [924 Gilman Street](/source/924_Gilman_Street) in 1988

Before ska punk started, many ska bands and punk rock bands performed on the same bills together and appealed to the same audiences.[6] A [ska revival](/source/Ska_revival) occurred simultaneously around the beginning of British punk rock and the near-simultaneous rebirth of the late 1970s British [mod](/source/Mod_revival) and [skinhead](/source/Skinhead) movements.[7] During the late 1970s and early 1980s in United Kingdom, many punk rock bands mixed punk rock with ska influences. Pioneering punk rock band [the Clash](/source/The_Clash) incorporated influences from ska alongside a range of other genres on their seminal 1979 [post-punk](/source/Post-punk) album *[London Calling](/source/London_Calling)*.[8] Songs like 1978's "Kill the Hippies" by the Deadbeats prominently featured horns, although there are no ska elements. Other British bands that were influenced by both punk rock and ska included [the Specials](/source/The_Specials), [the Beat](/source/The_Beat_(British_band)) and [Madness](/source/Madness_(band)). With both films like the 1981 documentary film *[Dance Craze](/source/Dance_Craze)* and supportive radio stations like Los Angeles, California's [KROQ](/source/KROQ), ska crossed the [Atlantic](/source/Atlantic_Ocean).[7] During the 1980s in America, ska punk was underground. However, [Fishbone](/source/Fishbone), one of the earliest ska punk bands, achieved moderate success.[9] Another band in America that was semi-popular came from [Chapel Hill, North Carolina](/source/Chapel_Hill%2C_North_Carolina), called the [Pressure Boys](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pressure_Boys&action=edit&redlink=1). Other ska punk bands from the 1980s and early 1990s include [Operation Ivy](/source/Operation_Ivy_(band)),[10] [The Toasters](/source/The_Toasters), [Culture Shock](/source/Culture_Shock_(band)),[11] [Voodoo Glow Skulls](/source/Voodoo_Glow_Skulls),[12] [the Porkers](/source/The_Porkers),[13] Sublime,[14] [Citizen Fish](/source/Citizen_Fish),[15] the Mighty Mighty Bosstones,[16] [the Suicide Machines](/source/The_Suicide_Machines), [MU330](/source/MU330) and Dance Hall Crashers.[17]

Ska punk band No Doubt performing in [Worcester, Massachusetts](/source/Worcester%2C_Massachusetts), United States.

Ska punk band the Mighty Mighty Bosstones performing in 2008

### Mainstream success (mid–late 1990s)

Ska punk broke into the mainstream in the mid-1990s with bands such as Sublime, No Doubt, [Goldfinger](/source/Goldfinger_(band)), the Mighty Mighty Bosstones, Less Than Jake and [Rancid](/source/Rancid_(band)) all achieving mainstream success. Sublime's song "[Date Rape](/source/Date_Rape_(song))" became a hit on major California alternative rock radio stations.[18] However, Sublime did not reach its peak of popularity until 1996 with the release of the band's [1996 self-titled album](/source/Sublime_(album)), which was certified 5× platinum by the [Recording Industry Association of America](/source/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America) (RIAA) in 1999.[19] Because of Sublime's popularity, the band's album *[40oz. to Freedom](/source/40oz._to_Freedom)* was certified 2× platinum by the RIAA in 2005.[20]

Another ska punk band that achieved mainstream success during the mid-late 1990s was No Doubt. No Doubt's 1995 album *[Tragic Kingdom](/source/Tragic_Kingdom)* was certified diamond by the RIAA in 1999[21] and was certified diamond by [Music Canada](/source/Music_Canada) in 1997.[22] *Tragic Kingdom* sold at least 16,000,000 copies worldwide.[23] Rancid's song "[Time Bomb](/source/Time_Bomb_(Rancid_song))" peaked at number 48 on the [*Billboard* Hot 100 Airplay](/source/Billboard_Hot_100_Airplay) chart[24] and the band's 1995 album *[...And Out Come the Wolves](/source/...And_Out_Come_the_Wolves)* was certified platinum by the RIAA.[25] Reel Big Fish's album *[Turn the Radio Off](/source/Turn_the_Radio_Off)*, which was released in August 1996, was certified gold by the RIAA in November 1997.[26] Reel Big Fish's song "[Sell Out](/source/Sell_Out_(Reel_Big_Fish_song))" peaked at number 69 on the *Billboard* Hot 100 Airplay chart.[27] Goldfinger's song "[Here in Your Bedroom](/source/Here_in_Your_Bedroom)" peaked at number 47 on the *Billboard* Hot 100 Airplay chart.[28] The Mighty Mighty Bosstones achieved mainstream success in 1997; their song "[The Impression That I Get](/source/The_Impression_That_I_Get)" peaked at number 23 on the Billboard Hot 100 Airplay chart,[29] number 19 on the [Mainstream Top 40](/source/Mainstream_Top_40) chart,[30] and number 17 on the [Adult Pop Songs](/source/Adult_Pop_Songs) chart.[31] Also, the Mighty Mighty Bosstones' song "[The Rascal King](/source/The_Rascal_King_(song))" peaked at number 68 on the *Billboard* Hot 100 Airplay chart.[29] The Mighty Mighty Bosstones' album *[Let's Face It](/source/Let's_Face_It)*, which was released in March 1997, was certified platinum by the RIAA in September 1997.[32] In 2000, *Billboard* wrote that according to Nielsen SoundScan, *Let's Face It* sold 1,700,000 copies.[33]

### Decline and revival (2000s–present)

Ska and reggae influenced rock music retreated to niche status by the 2000s, with many major acts, such as the Mighty Mighty Bosstones and [Ska-P](/source/Ska-P) taking an extended hiatus, and chart success eluded most bands of the genre. Some acts continued to produce such music through the decade, spearheaded by groups from [Southern California](/source/Southern_California) (the home of ska-punk pioneers Sublime) such as [Slightly Stoopid](/source/Slightly_Stoopid), [Long Beach Shortbus](/source/Long_Beach_Shortbus), [Long Beach Dub Allstars](/source/Long_Beach_Dub_Allstars), and [Tribal Seeds](/source/Tribal_Seeds). Chart success returned in 2018 when [the Interrupters](/source/The_Interrupters_(band)) scored a minor hit with their song "She's Kerosene", that peaked at No. 4 on the *[Billboard](/source/Billboard_(magazine))* [Alternative Songs](/source/Alternative_Songs) chart and No. 1 on the *[RPM](/source/RPM_(magazine))* [Canadian rock/alternative chart](/source/Canadian_rock%2Falternative_chart).[34] Detroit ska punk outfit [the Suicide Machines](/source/The_Suicide_Machines) released a new album titled "Revolution Spring", released in March 2020 on [Fat Wreck Chords](/source/Fat_Wreck_Chords). [The Planet Smashers](/source/The_Planet_Smashers) released "Too Much Information" on [Stomp Records](/source/Stomp_Records) in 2019 and continue to play shows in the U.S. and Canada. The duo [100 gecs](/source/100_gecs) incorporated ska punk elements into their 2019 song "Stupid Horse" from their album *[1000 Gecs](/source/1000_Gecs)*,[35] as well as throughout their album *[10,000 Gecs](/source/10%2C000_Gecs)*, released in 2023.[36][37]

Ann Arbor, Michigan–based[38] ska punk band [We Are the Union](/source/We_Are_the_Union) released "Self Care" in 2018[39] and tour frequently. Their trombone player, Jeremy Hunter, runs the YouTube channel called [Skatune Network](/source/Skatune_Network), where they post ska and ska punk covers of [video game soundtracks](/source/Video_game_music),[40][41][42][43] cartoon themes,[44][45] [pop punk](/source/Pop_punk),[46] and other genres,[47][48] garnering a significant international following online and releasing several albums.[43][49][50][51] *[BrooklynVegan](/source/BrooklynVegan)* has written, "You can't talk about the renewed interest in ska without talking Jeremy Hunter".[52] [Buck-O-Nine](/source/Buck-O-Nine) released a new album titled: "Fundaymental" in 2019. Other artists that continue to tour or put out music on a regular basis include: Kill Lincoln, Chudson, Omnigone, [Catbite](/source/Catbite), [Big D and the Kids Table](/source/Big_D_and_the_Kids_Table), [Streetlight Manifesto](/source/Streetlight_Manifesto) (and by extension [Bandits of the Acoustic Revolution](/source/Bandits_of_the_Acoustic_Revolution)), [Five Iron Frenzy](/source/Five_Iron_Frenzy), [Pilfers](/source/Pilfers), [Mad Caddies](/source/Mad_Caddies), [Voodoo Glow Skulls](/source/Voodoo_Glow_Skulls), Joystick, Hans Gruber and the Die Hards,[53] Mike Park's [The Bruce Lee Band](/source/The_Bruce_Lee_Band), Tape Girl,[54] Poindexter,[55] Noise Complaint, Skatsune Miku, Sad Snack,[56] Monkey, Young Costello[57] and [the Interrupters](/source/The_Interrupters_(band)).

## See also

- [List of ska musicians](/source/List_of_ska_musicians)

- [Reggae rock](/source/Reggae_rock)

## References

### Citations

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** Robinson, Ellie (15 March 2023). ["100 gecs – '10,000 gecs' review: an intoxicating hurricane of manic nostalgia"](https://www.nme.com/reviews/album/100-gecs-10000-gecs-review-3413372). *[NME](/source/NME)*. Retrieved 20 March 2023.

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1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-SubgenresOfPunk_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-SubgenresOfPunk_4-1) Cooper, Ryan. ["The Subgenres of Punk Rock"](https://web.archive.org/web/20141014083308/http://punkmusic.about.com/od/punk101/a/subgenres_2.htm). [About.com](/source/About.com). Archived from [the original](http://punkmusic.about.com/od/punk101/a/subgenres_2.htm) on 14 October 2014. Retrieved 30 September 2016.

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1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiehl201346_7-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDiehl201346_7-1) [Diehl 2013](#CITEREFDiehl2013), p. 46.

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-United_StatesSublime40_Ounces_to_FreedomalbumCertRef_20-0)** ["American album certifications – Sublime – 40 Ounces to Freedom"](https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&ar=Sublime&ti=40+Ounces+to+Freedom&format=Album&type=#search_section). [Recording Industry Association of America](/source/Recording_Industry_Association_of_America).

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-CanadaNo_DoubtTragic_KingdomalbumCertRef_22-0)** ["Canadian album certifications – No Doubt – Tragic Kingdom"](https://musiccanada.com/gold-platinum/?_gp_search=Tragic+Kingdom%20No+Doubt). [Music Canada](/source/Music_Canada). 15 August 1997.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-23)** Van Meter, Jonathan (April 2004). "The First Lady of Rock". *[Vogue](/source/Vogue_(magazine))*. **194** (4). New York. [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0042-8000](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0042-8000). [OCLC](/source/OCLC_(identifier)) [1769261](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1769261).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-24)** ["Rancid – Chart history"](http://www.billboard.com/artist/360332/rancid/chart?f=350). *[Billboard](/source/Billboard_(magazine))*.

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-28)** ["Goldfinger – Chart history"](http://www.billboard.com/artist/302991/goldfinger/chart?f=350). *[Billboard](/source/Billboard_(magazine))*.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-TheMightyMightyBosstonesBillboardHot100Airplay_29-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-TheMightyMightyBosstonesBillboardHot100Airplay_29-1) ["The Mighty Mighty Bosstones – Chart history (Radio Songs)"](http://www.billboard.com/artist/418630/mighty-mighty-bosstones/chart?f=350). *[Billboard](/source/Billboard_(magazine))*.

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-33)** Mays, Raqiyah (29 April 2000). "Mighty Bosstones 'Pay Attention' On Island/Def Jam Set". *Billboard*. Vol. 112, no. 18. [Nielsen Business Media, Inc.](/source/Nielsen_Business_Media%2C_Inc.) [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0006-2510](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-2510).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-34)** Payne, Chris (25 July 2018). ["Meet The Interrupters, the First Female-Fronted Ska Band With an Alternative Radio Hit Since No Doubt"](https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/rock/8466943/interrupters-interview-shes-kerosene). *[Billboard](/source/Billboard_(magazine))*. Retrieved 21 January 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-35)** Bote, Joshua (13 December 2019). ["No Album Left Behind: 100 gecs' *1000 gecs*"](https://www.pastemagazine.com/music/100-gecs/no-album-left-behind-100-gecs-1000-gecs/). *[Paste](/source/Paste_(magazine))*. Retrieved 4 January 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-36)** Shepherd, Julianne Escobedo (16 March 2023). ["100 gecs: 10,000 gecs Album Review"](https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/100-gecs-10000-gecs/). *[Pitchfork](/source/Pitchfork_(website))*. Retrieved 20 March 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-37)** Robinson, Ellie (15 March 2023). ["100 gecs – '10,000 gecs' review: an intoxicating hurricane of manic nostalgia"](https://www.nme.com/reviews/album/100-gecs-10000-gecs-review-3413372). *[NME](/source/NME)*. Retrieved 20 March 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-38)** ["We Are the Union – Audiotree"](https://audiotree.tv/session/we-are-the-union). 26 August 2019. Retrieved 25 February 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-39)** ["Wannabe Reviews We Are The Union's 'Self Care' – Glide Magazine"](https://glidemagazine.com/217151/wannabe-reviews-we-are-the-unions-self-care). 21 November 2018. Retrieved 21 January 2021 – via Glide Magazine.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-40)** ["Here's the Animal Crossing: New Horizons ska cover you needed"](https://venturebeat.com/2020/03/23/animal-crossing-ska). 23 March 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2021 – via venturebeat.com.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-41)** Gurwin, Gabe. ["An Undertale Fan Is Turning The Soundtrack Into A Ska Album"](https://www.gamespot.com/articles/an-undertale-fan-is-turning-the-soundtrack-into-a-ska-album/1100-6483428/). Retrieved 21 January 2021 – via [GameSpot](/source/GameSpot).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-42)** ["Hyrule Temple – (SSB: Melee) Ska Cover"](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c2D22o8e6OM). YouTube. [Archived](https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211117/c2D22o8e6OM) from the original on 17 November 2021. Retrieved 29 January 2020.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-undertale_43-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-undertale_43-1) ["Skatune Network releasing ska covers album of 'Undertale' video game soundtrack"](https://www.brooklynvegan.com/skatune-network-releasing-ska-covers-album-of-undertale-video-game-soundtrack). 19 October 2020. Retrieved 25 February 2021 – via BrooklynVegan.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-44)** ["Cartoons!"](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGg1YkAaRjQq2gzW6S2MFWgWgtcco3goj). *YouTube*. Retrieved 29 January 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-45)** Muncy, Julie (14 November 2020). ["Ska Tune Network Turns a Beautiful Steven Universe Song Into a Self-Affirmation Anthem"](https://io9.gizmodo.com/ska-tune-network-turns-a-beautiful-steven-universe-song-1845675551). Retrieved 25 February 2021 – via io9.gizmodo.com.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-46)** ["SKA goes POP PUNK"](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLGg1YkAaRjQo6mP7786SgfIJYPcmKJXr0). YouTube. Retrieved 29 January 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-skatune_47-0)** Ochoa, John. ["This Person Is Determined to Make a Ska Version of Every Song, Ever"](https://www.vice.com/en/article/skatune-network-ska-cover-band-interview-2018/). *[Vice](/source/Vice_(magazine))*. Retrieved 4 January 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-48)** Dunn, Thom (29 April 2020). ["What if the Mighty Mighty Bosstones changed genre every 15 seconds"](https://boingboing.net/2020/04/29/what-if-the-mighty-mighty-boss.html). Retrieved 21 January 2021 – via boingboing.net.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-49)** ["Skatune Network teams with Counter Intuitive for covers album (stream a track)"](https://www.brooklynvegan.com/skatune-network-teams-with-counter-intuitive-for-covers-album-stream-a-track). 13 September 2019. Retrieved 21 January 2021 – via BrooklynVegan.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-50)** ["Pick It the Fuck Up – album by Skatune Network"](https://open.spotify.com/album/6tyJve5xISoRzYb1cKa0iA?si=Ih1-IcfoSe-U9C3hK8FKhQ). 27 September 2019. Retrieved 7 December 2020 – via [Spotify](/source/Spotify).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-51)** ["Ska Goes Emo, Vol. 1 – album by Skatune Network"](https://open.spotify.com/album/45GONik07aTQRYJ8xe754F?si=YEBuWZXOSiSJdbbqZfqE4g). 17 April 2020. Retrieved 7 December 2020 – via [Spotify](/source/Spotify).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-:5_52-0)** Sacher, Andrew (2 April 2022). ["JER (Skatune Network, We Are The Union) announces debut LP (new song & ltd vinyl pre-order)"](https://www.brooklynvegan.com/jer-skatune-network-we-are-the-union-announces-debut-lp-new-song-ltd-vinyl-pre-order/). *[BrooklynVegan](/source/BrooklynVegan)*. Retrieved 28 January 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-53)** ["Hans Gruber and the Die Hards fuse cumbia & ska-punk on new single off upcoming LP)"](https://www.brooklynvegan.com/hans-gruber-and-the-die-hards-fuse-cumbia-ska-punk-on-new-single-off-upcoming-lp/). 5 April 2022. Retrieved 5 April 2022 – via BrooklynVegan.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-54)** ["Tape Girl is putting a bedroom pop spin on ska (stream two singles)"](https://www.brooklynvegan.com/tape-girl-is-putting-a-bedroom-pop-spin-on-ska-stream-two-singles/). 22 December 2020. Retrieved 25 February 2021 – via BrooklynVegan.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-55)** ["Listen to Poindexter's new indie-ska-punk song Body Like That off upcoming debut LP"](https://www.brooklynvegan.com/listen-to-poindexters-new-indie-ska-punk-song-body-like-that-off-upcoming-debut-lp/). 13 February 2023. Retrieved 13 February 2023 – via BrooklynVegan.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-56)** ["Watch San Francisco ska band Sad Snack's video for new song Kenny G Hotline"](https://www.brooklynvegan.com/watch-san-francisco-ska-band-sad-snacks-video-for-new-song-kenny-g-hotline/). 22 November 2022. Retrieved 22 November 2022 – via BrooklynVegan.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-57)** ["San Antonio ska-punks Young Costello prep new EP (watch the One Eye Open video)"](https://www.brooklynvegan.com/san-antonio-ska-punks-young-costello-prep-new-ep-watch-the-one-eye-open-video/). 23 August 2022. Retrieved 23 August 2022 – via BrooklynVegan.

### Bibliography

- Walker, Matt (2016). *Gainesville Punk: A History of Bands & Music*. [Arcadia Publishing](/source/Arcadia_Publishing).

- Diehl, Matt (2013). *My So-Called Punk: Green Day, Fall Out Boy, The Distillers, Bad Religion—How Neo-Punk Stage-Dived into the Mainstream*. [St. Martin's Griffin](/source/St._Martin's_Griffin). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9781466853065](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781466853065).

- Marciniak, Marta (2015). *Transnational Punk Communities in Poland: From Nihilism to Nothing Outside Punk*. [Lexington Books](/source/Lexington_Books). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9781498501583](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781498501583).

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v t e Ska Genres Christian ska Ska jazz Ska punk Spouge Third wave ska Two-tone Regional scenes Australia Japan Orange County Influences Calypso Jazz Mento Reggae R&B Rocksteady Record labels Jamaican record producers Studio One Trojan Records Blue Beat Records 2 Tone Records Moon Ska Records Asian Man Records Subcultures Mod Rude boy Scooterboy Skinhead Trojan skinhead Suedehead Other topics Caribbean music in the United Kingdom Culture of Jamaica Dance hall List of Caribbean music genres List of ska musicians Man in Business Suit Levitating emoji Music of Jamaica Skank (dance) Ska stroke Sound system (Jamaican) Toasting

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Ska punk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ska_punk) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ska_punk?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.