# Sivan

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{{Short description|3rd month of the Hebrew calendar}}
{{other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox month
| image       = Shavuot bikkurim.jpg
| alt         = 
| caption     = [Shavuot](/source/Shavuot), the Festival of Weeks, marks the day the [Torah](/source/Torah) was given to the [Israelites](/source/Israelites) at [Mount Sinai](/source/Mount_Sinai). [Bikkurim](/source/First_Fruits) are given as offerings, as in this picture from [Nahalal](/source/Nahalal), Israel in 2006.
| native_name = {{Native name|he| {{Script/Hebrew|סִיוָן}}}}
| calendar    = [Hebrew calendar](/source/Hebrew_calendar)
| num         = 3
| days        = 30
| season      = Spring (Northern Hemisphere)
| gregorian   = May–June
| holidays    = [Shavuot](/source/Shavuot)
| prev_month  = [Iyar](/source/Iyar)
| next_month  = [Tammuz](/source/Tammuz_(Hebrew_month))
}}

'''''Sivan''''' ({{hebrew name|סִיוָן|Sivan|Siwān}}, from [Akkadian](/source/Akkadian_language) ''simānu'', meaning "season; time") is the ninth month of the civil year and the third month of the religious year on the [Hebrew calendar](/source/Hebrew_calendar). It is a month of 30 days. ''Sivan'' usually falls in May–June on the [Gregorian calendar](/source/Gregorian_calendar).

Along with all other current, post-biblical Jewish month names, Sivan was adopted during the [Babylonian captivity](/source/Babylonian_captivity). In the [Babylonian calendar](/source/Babylonian_calendar) it was named Araḫ Simanu.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Muss-Arnolt |first1=W. |date=1892 |title=The Names of the Assyro-Babylonian Months and Their Regents |journal=Journal of Biblical Literature |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=72–94 |doi=10.2307/3259081 |jstor=3259081 |hdl-access=free |hdl=2027/mdp.39015030576584}} (free access at [http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015030576584&seq=9]).</ref>

==Holidays==
* '''6–7 Sivan''' – [Shavuot](/source/Shavuot)

==In Jewish history==
<!-- Still need to finish after Iyar (excluding Av) -->
* '''1 Sivan''' (1096) – Jews in [Worms, Germany](/source/Worms%2C_Germany) were massacred as part of the [Rhineland massacres](/source/Rhineland_massacres) by the [First Crusade](/source/First_Crusade) during [morning prayers](/source/Shacharit) after taking refuge in a local castle. (see "[Iyar in Jewish History](/source/Iyar)" for '''[Iyar](/source/Iyar) 8'''.)
* '''4 Sivan''' ({{circa|1040}} BCE) – Birth of [David](/source/David).
* '''6 Sivan''' (c. ?) - Birth of the Seventh Antediluvian Patriarch/Hero [Enoch](/source/Enoch).
* '''6 Sivan''' (c. 1313 BCE) – The Torah was given to Moses at [Mount Sinai](/source/Mount_Sinai) and thus observed as the holiday of [Shavuot](/source/Shavuot).
* '''6 Sivan''' (c. 940 BCE) - Death of [David](/source/David).
* '''6 Sivan''' (1760) – Death of [Baal Shem Tov](/source/Baal_Shem_Tov)
* '''6 Sivan''' (1940) – Death of Rabbi [Yaakov Yehuda Aryeh Leib Frenkel](/source/Yaakov_Yehuda_Aryeh_Leib_Frenkel)
* '''7 Sivan''' (c. 1233 BCE) – Moses was "drawn out" of the water at three months old, and thus given the name "Moshe" also observed on the holiday of [Shavuot](/source/Shavuot).
* '''7 Sivan''' (1834) – [1834 looting of Safed](/source/1834_looting_of_Safed) breaks out
* '''7 Sivan''' (1966) – Death of Rabbi [Yisroel Moshe Olewski](/source/Yisroel_Moshe_Olewski)
* '''13 Sivan''' (1648) – [Cossack riots](/source/Cossack_riots) begin with the [Khmelnytsky Uprising](/source/Khmelnytsky_Uprising) pogrom
* '''17 Sivan''' (2025) - Israel launched their Military Operation called Operation Rising Lion against Iran, by attacking Iran's Nuclear Weapon Facilities.
* '''20 Sivan''' (1171) – The first [blood libel](/source/blood_libel) in France – tens of Jewish men and women were burned alive in the French town of [Blois](/source/Blois) on the accusation that Jews used the blood of [Christian](/source/Christians) children in the preparation of [matzah](/source/matzah) for [Passover](/source/Passover).{{Citation needed|date=July 2015}} Commemorated by [Twentieth of Sivan](/source/Twentieth_of_Sivan), which also marks anniversary of Khmelnytsky Uprising.
* '''23 Sivan''' (474 BCE) – [Mordecai](/source/Mordecai) and [Esther](/source/Esther) sent letters so that the Jews shall prepare themselves for the annihilation plan orchestrated by [Haman](/source/Haman) to be committed against them on the 13th of the following Adar.
* '''27 Sivan''' (1790) – "[Purim](/source/Purim) of [Florence](/source/Florence)" – a celebration set to celebrate this day when Florentine Jews were saved from a [mob](/source/ochlocracy).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Duetsch |first=Gotthard |url=https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/12450-pu-rims-special |title=Jewish Encyclopedia |last2=Franco |first2=M. |last3=Malter |first3=Henry |publisher=Funk & Wagnalls Co. |year=1905 |volume=10 |location=New York |pages=281 |chapter=Purims, Special: |access-date=May 21, 2024}}</ref>

==See also==
* [Jewish astrology](/source/Jewish_astrology)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/3922296/jewish/About-the-Month-of-Sivan.htm About the Month of Sivan]
* [http://www.inner.org/times/sivan/index.php Resources on the Month of Sivan]

{{Jewish and Israeli holidays}}

Category:Sivan
Category:Months of the Hebrew calendar

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Sivan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivan) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sivan?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.