# Siphula > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Siphula > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Siphula.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siphula > Source revision: 1330356571 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) ***Siphula*** is a [genus](/source/Genus) of [lichen](/source/Lichen)-forming fungi in the family [Icmadophilaceae](/source/Icmadophilaceae). The widespread genus was [circumscribed](/source/Circumscription_(taxonomy)) by the Swedish mycologist [Elias Fries](/source/Elias_Fries) in 1831.[2] ## Description The genus *Siphula* includes lichens with a shrubby, upright [thallus](/source/Thallus) (the lichen body) that is sparsely branched and has a whitish appearance. The outer surface, or , is , meaning it consists of densely packed cells resembling plant [parenchyma](/source/Parenchyma) (common plant tissue). *Siphula* species partner with algae, a type of [green algae](/source/Green_algae) that supplies the lichen with energy through [photosynthesis](/source/Photosynthesis).[3] Inside the thallus, the [medulla](/source/Medulla_(lichenology)) (inner tissue layer) is compact and has fungal filaments ([hyphae](/source/Hypha)) that are generally aligned in a longitudinal direction. No reproductive structures, such as [apothecia](/source/Apothecia) (spore-producing bodies) or [conidiomata](/source/Conidiomata) (asexual spore-producing bodies), have been observed to occur in this genus.[3] Chemically, *Siphula* lichens contain various compounds including *p*- and *m*-[depsides](/source/Depside), [dibenzofurans](/source/Dibenzofuran), and [chromones](/source/Chromone), such as the compound [siphulin](/source/Siphulin).[3] ## Habitat and distribution *Siphula* species are found growing on [peaty](/source/Peat) soils and on acid-leached bark in [temperate](/source/Temperate) rainforests as well as in wet [alpine](/source/Alpine_climate) environments. This genus has a [cosmopolitan distribution](/source/Cosmopolitan_distribution), occurring across various regions worldwide.[3] ## Species As of October 2024, [Species Fungorum](/source/Species_Fungorum) accepts 22 species of *Siphula*:[4] - *[Siphula australiensis](/source/Siphula_australiensis)* [5] - *[Siphula capensis](/source/Siphula_capensis)* [6] - *[Siphula ceratites](/source/Siphula_ceratites)* [2] - *[Siphula chimantensis](/source/Siphula_chimantensis)* [7] - *[Siphula coriacea](/source/Siphula_coriacea)* [8] - *[Siphula crittendenii](/source/Siphula_crittendenii)* [6] - *[Siphula decumbens](/source/Siphula_decumbens)* [9] - *[Siphula dissoluta](/source/Siphula_dissoluta)* [9] - *[Siphula fastigiata](/source/Siphula_fastigiata)* [10] - *[Siphula flavovirens](/source/Siphula_flavovirens)* [11] - *[Siphula gracilis](/source/Siphula_gracilis)* [12] - *[Siphula paramensis](/source/Siphula_paramensis)* [13] - *[Siphula parhamii](/source/Siphula_parhamii)* [5] - *[Siphula pteruloides](/source/Siphula_pteruloides)* [14] - *[Siphula subpteruloides](/source/Siphula_subpteruloides)* [7] - *[Siphula subsimplex](/source/Siphula_subsimplex)* [7] - *[Siphula verrucigera](/source/Siphula_verrucigera)* [15] ## References 1. Hue, A. (1914). ["Lichenes novos vel melius cognitos"](https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.270806/page/n563/mode/2up) (in Latin). *Annales Mycologici*. **12** (6): 509–534. 1. Fries, E.M. (1831). *Lichenographia Europaea Reformata* [Reformed European Lichenography] (in Latin). pp. 7, 406. 1. Lambley, P. & Purvis, O.W. (2009). "*Siphula* Fr. (1831)". *The Lichens of Great Britain and Ireland*. Smith, C.W.; Aptroot, A.; Coppins, B.J.; Fletcher, A.; Gilbert, O.L.; James, P.W.; Wolseley, P.A. (eds.). London: British Lichen Society. p. 841. 1. ["Species Fungorum - Search Page"](https://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/Names.asp). *www.speciesfungorum.org*. Retrieved 2024-10-25. 1. Kantvilas, G. (2004). "New Australian species in the lichen genus *Siphula* Fr.". *Austrobaileya*. **6** (4): 949–955. [doi:10.5962/p.299704](https://doi.org/10.5962/p.299704) 1. Kantvilas, G. (2023). "Three new species of siphuloid lichens, with a first key to the genus *Parasiphula*". *The Lichenologist*. **55** (1): 17–25. [doi:10.1017/S0024282922000421](https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282922000421) 1. Marcano, V. (2021). "The genus *Siphula* Fr. (Icmadophilaceae, Lichenized Fungi) in Venezuela". *Phytotaxa*. **489** (1): 10–26. [doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.489.1.2](https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.489.1.2) 1. Nylander, W. (1860). *Synopsis Methodica Lichenum Omnium hucusque Cognitorum, Praemissa Introductione Lingua Gallica* [Methodical Synopsis of All Known Lichens, With an Introduction in French] (in Latin). Vol. 1. pp. 141–430. 1. Nylander, W. (1888). *Lichenes Novae Zelandiae* [Lichens of New Zealand] (in Latin). Paris: Paul Schmidt. pp. 1–156. 1. Nylander, William (1863). ["Prodromus Florae Novo-Granatensis ou enumeration des plantes de la Nouvelle-Grenade. Lichenes"](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41640182) [Prodrome of the Flora of New Granada or enumeration of plants from New Granada. Lichens] (in Latin). *Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Botanique*. **19**: 286–382. 4. 1. Kantvilas, G.; Zedda, L.; Elix, J.A. (2003). ["A remarkable new species of *Siphula* (lichenized fungi) from South Africa"](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/215871449). *Herzogia*. **16**: 21–25. 1. Kantvilas, G. (1998). "Studies on the lichen genus *Siphula* in Tasmania II. The *S. decumbens* group". *Herzogia*. **13**: 119–138. [doi:10.1127/herzogia/13/1998/119](https://doi.org/10.1127/herzogia/13/1998/119) 1. Marcano, V. & Castillo, L. (2021). "*Siphula paramensis* V. Marcano & L. Castillo (Icmadophilaceae, lichenized fungi), a new species from the high paramo in Venezuela". *Phytotaxa*. **512** (3): 169–178. [doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.512.3.4](https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.512.3.4) 1. Nylander, W.illiam (1859). ["Lichenes in regionibus exoticis quibusdam vigentes exponit synopticis enumerationibus"](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41585882) [Synoptic enumeration of lichens growing in certain exotic regions] (in Latin). *Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Botanique*. **11**: 205–264. 4. 1. Santesson, R. (1966). "On the typification of some lichen names published by Gmelin". *Botaniska Notiser* --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Siphula](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siphula) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siphula?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.