# Short-range device

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Class of radio transmitter

You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in German. (March 2012) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the German article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must follow the LLM translation guideline, revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 1,991 articles in the main category, and specifying|topic= will aid in categorization. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Wikipedia article at [[:de:Short Range Devices]]; see its history for attribution. You may also add the template {{Translated|de|Short Range Devices}} to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

A **short-range device** (**SRD**), described by [ECC](/source/Electronic_Communications_Committee) Recommendation 70-03, is a [radio-frequency](/source/Radio-frequency) [transmitter](/source/Transmitter) device used in [telecommunication](/source/Telecommunication) that has little capability of causing [harmful interference](/source/Radio_interference) to other radio equipment.

Short-range devices are low-power transmitters, typically limited to 25–100 mW [effective radiated power](/source/Effective_radiated_power) (ERP) or less, depending on the frequency band, which limits their useful range to a few hundred meters, which do not require licenses to use.

Short-range [wireless](/source/Wireless) technologies include [Bluetooth](/source/Bluetooth), [Wi-Fi](/source/Wi-Fi), [NearLink](/source/NearLink), [near-field communication](/source/Near-field_communication) (NFC), [LPWAN](/source/Low-power_wide-area_network), [ultra-wideband](/source/Ultra-wideband) (UWB) and [IEEE 802.15.4](/source/IEEE_802.15.4). They are implemented by chips [fabricated](/source/Semiconductor_device_fabrication) as [RF CMOS](/source/RF_CMOS) [integrated circuit](/source/Integrated_circuit) ([RF circuit](/source/RF_circuit)).[1][2] As of 2009[\[update\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short-range_device&action=edit), short-range wireless chips ship approximately 1.7 billion units annually, with Bluetooth accounting for over 55% of shipments and Wi-Fi around 35% of shipments.[1]

Applications for short-range wireless devices include [power meters](/source/Electricity_meter) and other [remote instrumentation](/source/Telemetry), [RFID](/source/RFID) applications, [radio-controlled models](/source/Radio-controlled_model), [fire](/source/Fire_alarm), security and social alarms, vehicle radars, wireless microphones and earphones, traffic signs and signals (including control signals), remote [garage door openers](/source/Garage_door_opener) and [car keys](/source/Remote_keyless_system), barcode readers, motion detectors, and many others.

The [European Commission](/source/European_Commission) mandates through [CEPT](/source/European_Conference_of_Postal_and_Telecommunications_Administrations) and [ETSI](/source/ETSI) the allocation of several device bands for these purposes, restricts the parameters of their use, and provides guidelines for avoiding radio interference.[3][4][5]

## Frequency bands

According to ECC Rec. 70-03, there are several annexes which encapsulate specific usage patterns, maximum emission power and duty cycle requirements.

Frequency allocation in Rec. 70-03 Frequency Band Notes Annex 1. Non-specific short-range devices 6765–6795 kHz ISM 13.553–13.567 MHz ISM RFID 26.957–27.283 MHz ISM Citizens' Band 40.660–40.700 MHz ISM 138.20–138.45 MHz 433.050–434.790 MHz ISM LPD433 (70-centimeter band); also an Amateur Radio band 863–870 MHz ISM SRD860 915–928 MHz ISM SRD860 2400.0–2483.5 MHz ISM 13-centimeter band Heavily used by Wi-Fi; also an Amateur Radio band (Up to 2450 MHz) 5725–5875 MHz ISM 5-centimeter band; also an Amateur Radio band (Up to 5850 MHz) 24.00–24.25 GHz ISM 1.2-centimeter band; also an Amateur Radio band 61.0–61.5 GHz ISM 122–123 GHz ISM 2.5-millimeter band; also an Amateur Radio band 244–246 GHz ISM 1-millimeter band; also an Amateur Radio band 3.1–4.8 THz 6–9 THz Annex 2. Tracking, tracing and data acquisition 456.9–457.1 kHz Detection of avalanche victims 169.4–169.475 MHz Remote meter reading 169.4–169.475 MHz Asset tracking and tracing Annex 3. Wideband data transmission systems 2400.0–2483.5 MHz ISM Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc. 57–66 GHz V WiGig, WirelessHD, etc. Annex 4. Railway applications 2446–2454 MHz Automatic vehicle identification systems for railways 27.090–27.100 MHz Balise tele-powering and down-link (train to ground) systems 984–7484 kHz Balise up-link (ground to train) systems 7.3–23.0 MHz Loop up-link (ground to train) systems Annex 5. Road transport and traffic telematics (RTTT) 5795–5805 MHz 5805-5815 MHz C 63–64 GHz V Vehicle to vehicle and road to vehicle systems 76–77 GHz W Vehicle radar and infrastructure radar systems 21.65–26.65 GHz K Automotive short range radars (SRR) (marketed until July 2013) 77–81 GHz W Automotive short range radars (SRR) 24.050–24.075 GHz 24.075–24.150 GHz 24.150–24.250 GHz ISM Vehicle radars Annex 6. Radiodetermination applications 2400.0–2483.5 ISM 9200–9500 MHz 9500–9975 MHz 10.5–10.6 GHz 13.4–14.0 GHz 24.05–24.25 GHz ISM 4.5–7.0 GHz Tank level probing radar (TLPR) 8.5–10.6 GHz Tank level probing radar (TLPR) 24.05–27.00 GHz Tank level probing radar (TLPR) 57–64 GHz Tank level probing radar (TLPR) 75–85 GHz Tank level probing radar (TLPR) 17.1–17.3 GHz Ground-based synthetic aperture radar Annex 7. Alarms 868.6–868.7 MHz 869.250–869.300 MHz 869.650–869.700 MHz 869.200–869.250 MHz 869.300–869.400 MHz 169.4750–169.4875 MHz Social alarms (exclusive use) 169.5875–169.6000 MHz Social alarms (exclusive use) Annex 8. Model control 26.995, 27.045, 27.095, 27.145, 27.195 MHz 34.995–35.225 MHz Only for flying models 40.665, 40.675, 40.685, 40.695 MHz Annex 9. Inductive applications Annex 10. Radio microphone applications including aids for the hearing impaired 29.7–47.0 MHz except 30.3–30.5 MHz, 32.15–32.45 MHz and 41.015–47.00 MHz (harmonised military bands) 173.965–174.015 Aids for the hearing impaired 863–865 MHz Individual licence required 470–786 MHz Individual licence required 786–789 MHz Individual licence required 823–826 MHz 826–832 MHz Individual licence required 1785–1795 MHz 1795–1800 MHz Individual licence required 169.4000–169.4750 MHz Aids for the hearing impaired. Individual licence may be required 169.4875–169.5875 MHz Aids for the hearing impaired. Individual licence may be required Annex 11. Radio frequency identification applications 2446–2454 MHz 2446–2454 MHz 865.0–865.6 MHz 865.6–867.6 MHz 867.6–868.0 MHz Annex 12. Active medical implants and their associated peripherals Annex 13. Wireless audio applications 863–865 MHz 864.8–865.0 SRD860 1795–1800 MHz 87.5–108.0 MHz FM

### SRD860

See also: [List of WLAN channels § 860/900 MHz (802.11ah)](/source/List_of_WLAN_channels#860/900_MHz_(802.11ah))

In Europe, 863 to 870 MHz band has been allocated for license-free operation using [FHSS](/source/FHSS), [DSSS](/source/DSSS), or analog modulation with either a transmission [duty cycle](/source/Duty_cycle) of 0.1%, 1% or 10% depending on the band, or Listen Before Talk (LBT) with [Adaptive Frequency Agility](/source/Frequency-hopping_spread_spectrum) (AFA).[3][4] Although this band falls under the Short Range Device umbrella, it is being used in Low-Power Wide-Area Network ([LPWAN](/source/LPWAN)) [wireless telecommunication](/source/Wireless_telecommunication) networks, designed to allow long-range communications at a low [bit rate](/source/Bit_rate) among [things](/source/Internet_of_things) (connected objects).

Frequency Duty cycle Channel spacing ERP 863.0–865.0 MHz 100% (wireless audio) 10 mW 863.0–865.6 MHz 0.1% or LBT+AFA 25 mW 863.0–868.0 MHz * 25 mW wideband up to 1 MHz (data only) 865.0–868.0 MHz 1% or LBT+AFA 25 mW 865.0–868.0 MHz * 0.1% or LBT+AFA 4 frequencies 2 W (RFID only) 865.0–868.0 MHz * 10% (access points), 2.5% (other devices) 4 frequencies 500 mW (data only, power control required) 868.0–868.6 MHz 1% or LBT+AFA 25 mW 868.6–868.7 MHz 1% (alarms) 25 kHz 10 mW 868.7–869.2 MHz 0.1% or LBT+AFA 25 mW 869.2–869.25 MHz 0.1% (social alarms) 25 kHz 10 mW 869.25–869.3 MHz 0.1% (alarms) 25 kHz 10 mW 869.3–869.4 MHz 1% (alarms) 25 kHz 10 mW 869.4–869.65 MHz 10% or LBT+AFA 25 kHz 500 mW 869.65–869.7 MHz 10% (alarms) 25 kHz 25 mW 869.7–870.0 MHz 100% (voice communication) 5 mW 1% or LBT+AFA 25 mW

(* = as of 1 January 2018)

As of December 2011[\[update\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short-range_device&action=edit), unrestricted voice communications are allowed in the 869.7-870.0 MHz band with channel spacing of 25 kHz or less and maximum power output of 5 mW ERP.[6][7][8]

SRD860 handheld transceivers were briefly available in mid 2000s, however they did not offer dual-band compatibility with [PMR446](/source/PMR446) and LPD433 bands. As of 2012[\[update\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short-range_device&action=edit), they have been put off-market.

From January 2018, the four RFID frequencies are also available for data networks, with a power up to 500 mW and a bandwidth of 200 kHz. The center frequencies are: 865.7, 866.3, 866.9 and 867.5 MHz. Specific restrictions on usage apply, such as a low duty cycle, LBT (listen before transmit) and APC (adaptive power control).[9]

## See also

- [DASH7](/source/DASH7)

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Happich_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Happich_1-1) Happich, Julien (24 February 2010). ["Global shipments of short range wireless ICs to exceed 2 billion units in 2010"](https://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1254987). *[EE Times](/source/EE_Times)*. Retrieved 25 October 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** Veendrick, Harry J. M. (2017). [*Nanometer CMOS ICs: From Basics to ASICs*](https://books.google.com/books?id=Lv_EDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA243). Springer. p. 243. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9783319475974](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783319475974).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-rec_70-03_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-rec_70-03_3-1) [CEPT/ERC](/source/European_Conference_of_Postal_and_Telecommunications_Administrations) [REC 70-03](http://www.erodocdb.dk/docs/doc98/official/pdf/rec7003e.pdf) (22 August 2011)

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-etsi_en_300_220_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-etsi_en_300_220_4-1) [ETSI](/source/ETSI) EN 300 220-1 v2.3.1 (2010-02). Table 5.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** [IDA Singapore: Technical specifications for short-range devices](https://web.archive.org/web/20081123011430/http://www.ida.gov.sg/doc/Policies%20and%20Regulation/Policies_and_Regulation_Level2/20060424155810/IDATSSRD.pdf)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** [2011/829/EU: Commission Implementing Decision of 8 December 2011 amending Decision 2006/771/EC on harmonisation of the radio spectrum for use by short-range devices](http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32011D0829:FR:NOT)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** [Explanatory document on Commission Decision 2011/829/EU](http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/policy/ecomm/radio_spectrum/documents/legislation/index_en.htm#2011_srd_4th) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20120414150801/http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/policy/ecomm/radio_spectrum/documents/legislation/index_en.htm) 14 April 2012 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** [OFCOM IR 2030 - Licence Exempt Short Range Devices](https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0028/84970/ir-2030.pdf) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20120713212240/http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/binaries/spectrum/spectrum-policy-area/spectrum-management/research-guidelines-tech-info/interface-requirements/IR_2030.pdf) 13 July 2012 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** ["Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2017/1483 of 8 August 2017 amending Decision 2006/771/EC on harmonisation of the radio spectrum for use by short-range devices and repealing Decision 2006/804/EC"](http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32017D1483). *Eur-Lex.Europa.eu*.

## External links

- ["European Communications Office (ECO)"](https://efis.cept.org/).

- ["ERC Recommendation 70-03)"](https://efis.cept.org/sitecontent.jsp?sitecontent=srd_regulations). Retrieved 7 January 2023.

- ["Short Range Devices"](http://www.etsi.org/website/Technologies/ShortRangeDevices.aspx). *ETSI.org*. Retrieved 24 November 2017.

- ["SRD/MG - Short Range Devices"](http://www.cept.org/ecc/groups/ecc/wg-fm/srdmg). *CEPT.org*. Retrieved 24 November 2017.

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Short-range device](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-range_device) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-range_device?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.