# Shemon II

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{{Infobox Christian leader
|honorific_prefix = Mar
|name = {{Transliteration|ar|DIN|Shemʿon}} II
|birth_name = 
|church = [Church of the East](/source/Church_of_the_East)
|see = [Seleucia-Ctesiphon](/source/Patriarchal_Province_of_Seleucia-Ctesiphon)
|title = [Patriarch of the Church of the East](/source/List_of_Patriarchs_of_the_Church_of_the_East)
|residence = [Mosul](/source/Mosul)
|enthroned = {{circa}}1385
|ended = {{circa}}1405
|predecessor = [Denha II](/source/Denha_II)
|successor = [Shemon III](/source/Shemon_III)
|birth_date = 14th century
|death_date = 15th century
|buried =
}}
'''[Mar](/source/Mar_(title)) {{Transliteration|Syrc|Shemʿon|italic=no}} II''' (sometimes written '''Shimun II'''{{sfn|Baum|Winkler|2003}}) was the [patriarch of the Church of the East](/source/patriarch_of_the_Church_of_the_East) from {{circa}} 1385 until {{circa}} 1405.{{sfn|Wilmshurst|2019|p=800}} He succeeded [Denha II](/source/Denha_II), who died in 1381/2, and his reign corresponds to the beginning of a period of obscurity in the Church of the East and the patriarchal succession.{{sfn|Wilmshurst|2011|p=287}}{{sfn|Burleson|Van Rompay|2011}}

He is mentioned in one near-contemporary list of patriarchs in a 15th-century manuscript copy of the ''[Book of the Bee](/source/Book_of_the_Bee)''. He is listed between Denha II and [Eliya IV](/source/Eliya_IV), and the copy was produced in the time of Eliya's successor, [Shemʿon III](/source/Shem%CA%BFon_III).{{sfn|Wilmshurst|2011|p=287}} The traditional listing makes Shemʿon III the successor of Shemʿon II and predecessor of Eliya IV, but the contemporary source is preferred.{{sfn|Wilmshurst|2000|pp=347–348}}

Shemʿon II probably selected his name in honour of the 4th-century patriarch [Shemʿon bar Sabbaʿe](/source/Shem%CA%BFon_bar_Sabba%CA%BFe), a victim of the [Forty Years' Persecution](/source/Forty_Years'_Persecution). Possibly he foresaw a similar period of persecution. His choice of name became very common thereafter. In view of the upheavals in Iraq in his time, it is unlikely that he was consecrated in [Baghdad](/source/Baghdad). Probably he was consecrated and resided in a monastery in northern Iraq.{{sfn|Wilmshurst|2011|p=287}} His reign fell in a period of intense persecution of Christians under the [Timurid Empire](/source/Timurid_Empire). The 1390s saw a "flight to the mountains", as Nestorians took refuge from the upheavals in the region of [Hakkari](/source/Hakkari_(historical_region)) in northern Iraq. In 1401, [Pope Boniface IX](/source/Pope_Boniface_IX) granted an indulgence to [Greek Orthodox](/source/Greek_Orthodox) and Nestorian Christians who sheltered [Latins](/source/Latins_(Middle_Ages)) fleeing the Timurids.{{sfn|Wilmshurst|2011|pp=287–290}}

==Notes==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Bibliography==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book |last1=Baum |first1=Wilhelm |last2=Winkler |first2=Dietmar W. |author2-link=Dietmar W. Winkler|title=The Church of the East: A Concise History |date=2003 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |location=London and New York |isbn=0-203-42309-7}}
*{{cite encyclopedia |first1=Samuel |last1=Burleson |first2=Lucas |last2=Van Rompay |title=List of Patriarchs: I. The Church of the East and its Uniate Continuations |encyclopedia=Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage |editor1=[Sebastian P. Brock](/source/Sebastian_P._Brock) |editor2=Aaron M. Butts |editor3=[George A. Kiraz](/source/George_A._Kiraz) |editor4=Lucas Van Rompay |url=https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Church-East-Uniate-Continuation |publisher=Gorgias Press |year=2011}}
*{{cite book |first=David J. |last=Wilmshurst |title=The Ecclesiastical Organisation of the Church of the East, 1318–1913 |publisher=Peeters |year=2000}}
*{{cite book |first=David J. |last=Wilmshurst |title=The Martyred Church: A History of the Church of the East |publisher=East and West Publishing |year=2011}}
*{{cite book |first=David J. |last=Wilmshurst |title=The Syriac World |editor=Daniel King |chapter=The Patriarchs of the Church of the East |pages=799–805 |year=2019 |publisher=Routledge}}
{{refend}}

{{S-start}}
{{s-rel|[Church of the East titles](/source/Church_of_the_East)}}
{{Succession box
  |before=[Denha II](/source/Denha_II)<br />(1336/7&ndash;1381/2)
  |title=[Catholicos-Patriarch of the East](/source/List_of_Patriarchs_of_the_Church_of_the_East)
  |years=({{circa}}1385&ndash;{{circa}}1405)
  |after=[Shemon III](/source/Shemon_III)<br />({{circa}}1405&ndash;1425)
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Patriarchs of the Church of the East}}

Category:14th-century bishops of the Church of the East
Category:15th-century bishops of the Church of the East
Category:Patriarchs of the Church of the East

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Shemon II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shemon_II) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shemon_II?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.