# Sheikh Ahmad-e Jami

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Iranian sufi and Persian poet

Sheikh Ahmad-e Jami Tomb of Sheikh Ahmad-e Jami in Torbat-e Jam, Iran Title Sheikh al-Islam[1] Personal life Born 1049 Namaq, Seljuk Empire Died 1141 (aged 91–92) Torbat-e Jam, Seljuk Empire Resting place Turbat-i Sheikh Jam Era Islamic Golden Age Religious life Religion Islam Denomination Sunni Muslim leader Teacher Abu Taher Kurd

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**Sehab al-Din Abu Nasr Ahmad ibn Abu'l Hasan ibn Ahmad ibn Muhammad Namaqi Jami**[2] ([Persian](/source/Persian_language): شهاب‌الدّین ابونصر احمد ابن ابوالحسن ابن احمد ابن محمد جامی نامقی; 1049 – 1141), better known as **Sheikh Ahmad-e Jami** (Persian: شیخ احمد جامی) or by his sobriquet **Zinda-fil** (Persian: ژنده‌پیل), was a [Persian](/source/Persians) Sufi, writer, [mystic](/source/Irfan) and poet. A conservative Sufi, Ahmad preached and wrote extensively, with his work being notable for their focus on ordinary topics and use of conversational language. These formed an important contribution to [Persian literature](/source/Persian_literature).

He grew increasingly revered after his death, with [his tomb](/source/Sheikh_Ahmad-e_Jami_mausoleum_complex) becoming a prominent religious shrine. His descendants, who were its custodians, became influential political figures over subsequent centuries.

## Life

Ahmad was born in [Namaq](/source/Namaq), in the outskirts of [Jam](/source/Torbat-e_Jam), in 1049. His family claimed descent from [Jarir ibn Abd Allah al-Bajali](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jarir_ibn_Abd_Allah_al-Bajali&action=edit&redlink=1), a [companion](/source/Sahaba) of [Muhammad](/source/Muhammad), though Ahmad's appearance was distinctly non-[Arab](/source/Arab), and his [Persian](/source/Persian_language) had a native sounding quality. His sobriquet *Zinda-fil* ("the colossal elephant" or "the terrible elephant") referred both to his appearance and his religio-social conduct.[2][3]

Ahmad had some formal schooling in his youth. At age twenty-two, while "immersed in the pleasures of a loose life", he experienced a miracle, which led him to denounce worldy interests. He secluded himself in the mountains around Namaq, where he spent the next eighteen years devoted to study, meditation, and self-imposed hardships. At the age of forty, he left the solitary life and began a long career of preaching, teaching Sufi followers, and writing books. He travelled to many nearby villages and towns, including [Herat](/source/Herat) and [Nishapur](/source/Nishapur), and at one point made [Hajj](/source/Hajj).[2]

Jam was his permanent residence, where he built a mosque and *[khanaqa](/source/Sufi_lodge)*. His contact was limited mostly to the local population and minor dignitaries, with the one notable exception of the [Seljuk](/source/Seljuk_Empire) sultan [Ahmad Sanjar](/source/Ahmad_Sanjar), who had a particular liking to Ahmad and with whom he exchanged correspondence. Two such letters survive, one in which Ahmad defended Jam's population, and another where he answered a spiritual question from Sanjar.[2]

Ahmad stands apart from any known Sufi order of his day. His *[pir](/source/Pir_(Sufism))* was an otherwise unknown figure named Abu Taher Kurd.[2] Subsequent [hagiographers](/source/Hagiography) attempted to propagate a spiritual link between Ahmad and the celebrated Sufi, [Abu Sa'id Abu'l-Khayr](/source/Abu_Sa'id_Abu'l-Khayr), though this has no basis in fact.[4]

A stern conservative, Ahmad heavily cited *[hadith](/source/Hadith)* in his work *Meftāh al Najāt* to demonstrate the strictest orthodoxy. He is portrayed by his pupil and biographer, Sadid al-Din Gaznavi, as getting involved in people's affairs, destroying musical instruments and vats of wine, and punishing sinners and forcing them to repent.[2][5] Historian Shivan Mahendrarajah describes Ahmad as "haughty, belligerent, vindictive, and miserly". Conversely, [Heshmat Moayyad](/source/Heshmat_Moayyad) suggests that Gaznavi's descriptions are not borne out in the impression left by Ahmad's books, "where he appears gentle and ready to forgive a whole life of sin and corruption if only the last breath is taken in repentance".[2]

Ahmad's writings rarely touched on sophisticated questions of philosophy or theology, instead focusing on ordinary subjects of Sufi practice and morality. He constantly warned against hypocrites and often repeated himself. He wrote in the style of sermons, and his language was clear and conversational, making liberal uses of parables and situational examples. Subsequent followers attributed him with wild miracles, though this is practically unsupported by Ahmad's own writings. He had also engaged in writing poetry, and a *[diwan](/source/Diwan_(poetry))* (mostly *[ghazals](/source/Ghazal)*) has been attributed to him under the [pen name](/source/Pen_name) "Ahmad" or "Ahmadi". However, the authenticity of these is at least partially questionable.[2]

Unlike other prominent mystics, Ahmad had minimal appeal with religious scholars and poets.[2] [Beatrice Forbes Manz](/source/Beatrice_Forbes_Manz) notes that his works apparently had little impact.[6] Moayyad considers that his writings were "more precious for their contribution to Persian literary history than for their teachings".[2] However, in the years following Ahmad's death in 1141, he became an increasingly revered figure.[note 1] His tomb, the [Turbat-i Sheikh Jam](/source/Sheikh_Ahmad-e_Jami_Mausoleum), became a flourishing shrine, and a focus of royal and elite patronage in subsequent centuries.[6]

## Descendants

Ahmad married eight wives and had fourteen sons that survived him, some of whom became notable religious figures in their own right.[2] He married his offspring into notable families of the western [Khorasan](/source/Khorasan) and [Quhistan](/source/Quhistan) regions, settling them in the respective towns; this was a policy continued by his family throughout the subsequent [Mongol period](/source/Mongol_Empire).[7]

His descendants proliferated greatly over the following generations; by 1436, around one thousand were residing in Jam, [Nishapur](/source/Nishapur), [Herat](/source/Herat), and nearby areas.[2] The family wielded enormous influence over both [Tajiks](/source/Tajiks) and Mongols, stemming from their management of Ahmad's prestigious shrine, as well as through the possession of an ample agricultural base. Sheikh Qutb al-Din of Jam played a part in the election of the [Ilkhan](/source/Ilkhanate) claimant [Togha Temür](/source/Togha_Tem%C3%BCr) in 1337. Mu'in al-Din Muhammad Jami served as [vizier](/source/Vizier) to the [Kartid](/source/Kart_dynasty) ruler Mu'izz al-Din, in addition to being the latter's nephew and son-in-law. Mu'in al-Din's uncle, the [Mutawālī](/source/Waqf#Administration) of the Jami shrine Radi al-Din, incited [Qazaghan](/source/Qazaghan) to invade Kartid territory. A generation later, the Jami sheikhs encouraged the campaigns of [Timur](/source/Timur) in the same region.[8]

Their influence in Iran waned with the advent of the [Safavids](/source/Safavid_Empire), but found new opportunities in South Asia. [Maham Begum](/source/Maham_Begum) and [Hamida Banu Begum](/source/Hamida_Banu_Begum), the mothers of [Humayun](/source/Humayun) and [Akbar](/source/Akbar) respectively, were both [Mughal emperors](/source/Mughal_Empire) of the Jami family.[2][9] Many Jami sheikhs populated Akbar's court, though appear to have played a more literary role than wielding actual power.[10]

In Iran, though the shrine of Ahmad received support under the Safavids, sectarian strife and the [Persian–Uzbek wars](/source/Persian%E2%80%93Uzbek_wars) caused leading Jamis to depart, joining kinsmen in Mughal India. Over the subsequent [Afsharid](/source/Afsharid_Iran), [Qajar](/source/Qajar_Iran), [Zand](/source/Zand_dynasty), and [Pahlawi](/source/Pahlavi_Iran) eras, the shrine fell into disrepair and its cult withered. However, upon the establishment of the [Islamic Republic of Iran](/source/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran) in 1979, in the interest of strengthening nationalist bonds with [Sunni](/source/Sunni) communities and institutions, the shrine and cult received significant financial and technical backing from the central government. As a result, these experienced a rejuvenation.[11] In Jam, a number of mayors have since been appointed from among the Jamis, and both there and in Herat, the family remain influential and respected into the present-day.[2][12]

## Works

Although the titles of his books were in [Arabic](/source/Arabic), all of them are written in [Persian](/source/Persian_language). They were regarding *[shariah](/source/Shariah)* and theology, with some of his most important books being:

- *Meftāh al Najāt* ([Arabic](/source/Arabic_language): مفتاح النجاة) – "The key of Redemption"

- *Konuz al Hekma* ([Arabic](/source/Arabic_language): کنوز الحکمة) – "The Treasure of Wisdom"

- *Seraj al Sāerin* ([Arabic](/source/Arabic_language): سراج السائرین) – "The Lamp of Pilgrims"

## See also

- [Torbat-e Jam](/source/Torbat-e_Jam)

- [Sufism](/source/Sufism)

## Notes

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** A notable devotee was the 15th-century poet [Jami](/source/Jami), whose pen name was partially inspired by Ahmad.[1]

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolati2015511_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolati2015511_1-1) [Solati 2015](#CITEREFSolati2015), p. 511.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoayyad1984_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoayyad1984_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoayyad1984_2-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoayyad1984_2-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoayyad1984_2-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoayyad1984_2-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoayyad1984_2-6) [***h***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoayyad1984_2-7) [***i***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoayyad1984_2-8) [***j***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoayyad1984_2-9) [***k***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoayyad1984_2-10) [***l***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoayyad1984_2-11) [***m***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoayyad1984_2-12) [***n***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoayyad1984_2-13) [Moayyad 1984](#CITEREFMoayyad1984).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahendrarajah202140_3-0)** [Mahendrarajah 2021](#CITEREFMahendrarajah2021), p. 40.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahendrarajah202112–13_4-0)** [Mahendrarajah 2021](#CITEREFMahendrarajah2021), pp. 12–13.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaldick201692_5-0)** [Baldick 2016](#CITEREFBaldick2016), p. 92.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManz2007224–28_6-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManz2007224–28_6-1) [Manz 2007](#CITEREFManz2007), pp. 224–28.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManz2007224_8-0)** [Manz 2007](#CITEREFManz2007), p. 224.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson2023182_9-0)** [Jackson 2023](#CITEREFJackson2023), p. 182.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahendrarajah202147–48_10-0)** [Mahendrarajah 2021](#CITEREFMahendrarajah2021), pp. 47–48.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahendrarajah202181_11-0)** [Mahendrarajah 2021](#CITEREFMahendrarajah2021), p. 81.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahendrarajah202173,_88_12-0)** [Mahendrarajah 2021](#CITEREFMahendrarajah2021), pp. 73, 88.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMahendrarajah202189_13-0)** [Mahendrarajah 2021](#CITEREFMahendrarajah2021), p. 89.

## Sources

- Baldick, Julian (2016). George Morrison (ed.). ["Medieval Sufi Literature in Persian Prose"](https://books.google.com/books?id=fnyiDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA92). *Iranian Studies: Volume 2: History of Persian Literature from the Beginning of the Islamic Period to the Present Day*. BRILL. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-90-04-30500-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-30500-7).

- [Jackson, Peter](/source/Peter_Jackson_(historian)) (2023). [*From Genghis Khan to Tamerlane: The Reawakening of Mongol Asia*](https://books.google.com/books?id=ThroEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA182). Yale University Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-300-27504-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-27504-9).

- Mahendrarajah, Shivan (2021). [*The Saint of Jam: History, Religion, and Politics of a Sunni Shrine in Shi'i Iran*](https://books.google.com/books?id=VPQgEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA12). Cambridge University Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-108-83969-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-108-83969-3).

- [Manz, Beatrice Forbes](/source/Beatrice_Forbes_Manz) (2007). [*Power, Politics and Religion in Timurid Iran*](https://books.google.com/books?id=BfkpHz9q_RMC&pg=PA224). Cambridge University Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-139-46284-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-139-46284-6).

- [Moayyad, Heshmat](/source/Heshmat_Moayyad) (1984). ["AḤMAD-E JĀM"](http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ahmad-e-jam). *Encyclopaedia Iranica*. Encyclopaedia Iranica Foundation.

- Solati, Bahman (2015). [*Persian Words of Wisdom: Sayings and Proverbs by Masters of Persian Poetry*](https://books.google.com/books?id=jya1DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA511). Universal-Publishers. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-62734-054-0](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62734-054-0).

## Further reading

- [Moayyad, Heshmat](/source/Heshmat_Moayyad); [Lewis, Franklin](/source/Franklin_Lewis) (2004). [*The Colossal Elephant and His Spiritual Feats: Shaykh Ahmad-e Jām : the Life and Legend of a Popular Sufi Saint of 12th Century Iran*](https://books.google.com/books?id=itnXAAAAMAAJ). Mazda Publishers. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-56859-119-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56859-119-3).

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(1816–1887) Siddiq Bharchundi (1819–1890) Rafiuddin Deobandi (1836–1890) Rahmatullah Kairanawi (1818–1891) Mustafa Ruhi Efendi (1800–1891) Mahmoodullah Hussaini (d. 1894) Syed Ahmad Dehlavi (died 1894) Imdadullah Muhajir Makki (1817–1899) Hafiz Ahmad Jaunpuri (1834–1899) Muhammad Munir Nanautavi (1831–1904) Rashid Ahmad Gangohi (1826–1905) Abdul Wahid Bengali (1850–1905) Syed Ahmadullah Maizbhandari (1826–1906) Fazlur Rahman Usmani (1831–1907) Abd Allah ibn Abbas ibn Siddiq (1854–1907) Muhammad Naimuddin (1832–1907) Hassan Raza Khan (1859–1908) Sayyid Muhammad Abid (1834–1912) Ahmad Hasan Amrohi (1850–1912) Kareemullah Shah (1838–1913) Shibli Nomani (1857–1914) Najib Ali Choudhury (fl. 1870s) 14th/20th Imamuddin Punjabi (died 1916) Mehmet Cemaleddin Efendi (1848–1917) Abdur Rahim Raipuri (1855–1919) Mahmud Hasan Deobandi (1851–1920) Asrarullah Hussaini (1856–1920) Abdul Hamid Madarshahi (1869–1920) Abdul Awwal Jaunpuri (1867–1921) Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi (1856–1921) Sufi Azizur Rahman (1862–1922) Azimuddin Hanafi (1838–1922) Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri (1852–1927) Muhammad Ali Mungeri (1846–1927) Medeni Mehmet Nuri Efendi (1859–1927) Muhammad Amjad (d. 1927) Azizur Rahman Usmani (1859–1928) Muhammad Ahmad Nanautawi (1862–1930) Hamiduddin Farahi (1863–1930) Ibrahim Ali Tashna (1872–1931) Machiliwale Shah (d. 1932) Anwar Shah Kashmiri (1875–1933) Sayyid Mumtaz Ali (1860–1935) Majid Ali Jaunpuri (d. 1935) Abdur Rab Jaunpuri (1875–1935) Ghulam Muhammad Dinpuri (1835–1936) Meher Ali Shah (1859–1937) Ghulamur Rahman Maizbhandari (1865–1937) Muhammad Ishaq (1883–1938) Mohammad Abu Bakr Siddique (1845–1939) Abul Muhasin Sajjad (1880–1940) Zamiruddin Ahmad (1878–1940) Shukrullah Mubarakpuri (1895–1942) Qasim Sadiq (1845–1942) Chaudhry Afzal Haq (1891–1942) Ashraf Ali Thanwi (1863–1943) Ibrahim Ujani (1863–1943) Habibullah Qurayshi (1865–1943) Hamid Raza Khan (1875–1943) Ubaidullah Sindhi (1872–1944) Ilyas Kandhlawi (1885–1944) Asghar Hussain Deobandi (1877–1945) Sahool Bhagalpuri (d. 1948) Amjad Ali Aazmi (1882–1948) Naeem-ud-Deen Muradabadi (1887–1948) Shabbir Ahmad Usmani (1887–1949) Abd Allah Siraj (1876–1949) Murtaza Hasan Chandpuri (1868–1951) Khwaja Yunus Ali (1886–1951) Jamaat Ali Shah (1834–1951) Kifayatullah Dehlawi (1875–1952) Nesaruddin Ahmad (1873–1952) Al-Kawthari (1879–1952) Sulaiman Nadvi (1884–1953) Mustafa Sabri (1869–1954) Masood Alam Nadwi (1910–1954) Ghousi Shah (1893–1954) Shihabuddeen Ahmed Koya Shaliyathi (1885–1954) Abdul Aleem Siddiqi (1892–1954) Izaz Ali Amrohi (1882–1955) Abdul Salam Nadwi (1883–1955) Abdul Khaleque Chhaturawi (1892–1955) Saeed Ahmad Sandwipi (1882–1956) Manazir Ahsan Gilani (1892–1956) Habibur Rehman Ludhianvi (1892–1956) Hussain Ahmad Madani (1879–1957) Ahmad Saeed Dehlavi (1888–1959) Ahmed Ali Enayetpuri (1898–1959) Amin ul-Hasanat (1922–1960) Azizul Haq Chatgami (1903–1961) Maqsudullah (1883–1961) Syed Ata Ullah Shah Bukhari (1892–1961) Muhammad Hassan (1880–1961) Abdul Qadir Raipuri (1878–1962) Ahmed Ali Lahori (1887–1962) Hifzur Rahman Seoharwi (1900–1962) Sardar Ahmad Chishti (1903–1962) Muhammad Sanaullah (1905–1963) Badre Alam Merathi (1898–1965) Yusuf Kandhlawi (1917–1965) Ibrahim Raza Khan (1907–1965) Shah Ahmad Hasan (1882–1967) Wasiullah Fatehpuri (1895–1967) Tajul Islam (1896–1967) Shamsul Haque Faridpuri (1896–1969) Khair Muhammad Jalandhari (1895–1970) Abdul Hamid Qadri Badayuni (1898–1970) Mohammad Abdul Ghafoor Hazarvi (1909–1970) Muhammad Ali Jalandhari (1895–1971) Mushahid Ahmad Bayampuri (1907–1971) Abdur Rahman Kashgari (1912–1971) Syed Fakhruddin Ahmad (1889–1972) Abdul Batin Jaunpuri (1900–1973) Idris Kandhlawi (1899–1974) Deen Muhammad Khan (1900–1974) Zafar Ahmad Usmani (1892–1974) Fazlur Rahman Ansari (1914–1974) Momtazuddin Ahmad (1889–1974) Muhammad Abu Zahra (1898–1974) Amimul Ehsan Barkati (1911–1974) Muhammad Miyan Deobandi (1903–1975) Ghulam Mohiuddin Ghaznavi (1902–1975) Ghulam Mohiyuddin Gilani (1891–1974) Moinuddin Ahmad Nadwi (1903–1974) Abul Wafa Al Afghani (1893–1975) Mahdi Hasan Shahjahanpuri (1882–1976) Ibrahim Balyawi (1887–1976) Muhammad Faizullah (1892–1976) Abdul Wahhab Pirji (1895–1976) Athar Ali (1891–1976) Muhammad Shafi (1897–1976) Abdul Majid Daryabadi (1892–1977) Yusuf Banuri (1908–1977) Syed Muhammad Ishaq (1915–1977) Sharif Hasan Deobandi (1920–1977) Mohammad al-Hasani (1935-1979) Mehboob Rizwi (1911–1979) Sahvi Shah (1923–1979) Abul A'la Maududi (1903–1979) Ehtisham ul Haq Thanvi (1915–1980) Mehmood-ur-Rehman (1919–1980) Mustafa Raza Khan (1892–1981) Ziauddin Madni (1877–1981) Khwaja Qamar ul Din Sialvi (1906–1981) Ghulam Ghaus Hazarvi (1896–1981) Shah Abdul Wahhab (1894–1982) Zakariyya Kandhlawi (1898–1982) Tayyib Qasmi (1897–1983) Shamsul Haq Afghani (1901–1983) Muslehuddin Siddiqui (1918–1983) Ibrahim Chatuli (1894–1984) Atiqur Rahman Usmani (1901–1984) Faiz-ul Hassan Shah (1911–1984) Shafee Okarvi (1930–1984) Saeed Ahmad Akbarabadi (1908–1985) Azhar Shah Qaiser (1920–1985) Harun Babunagari (1902–1986) Abdur Rashid Tarkabagish (1900–1986) Ahmad Saeed Kazmi (1913–1986) Siddique Ahmad (1903–1987) Muhammadullah Hafezzi (1895–1987) Abdur Rahim Firozpuri (1918–1987) Hafizur Rahman Wasif Dehlavi (1910–1987) Abdul Aziz Malazada (1917–1987) Shamsul Huda Panchbagi (1897–1988) Abdul Haq Akorwi (1912–1988) Abdul Jalil Badarpuri (1925–1989) Muntakhib al-Haqq (fl. 1980s) Abdul Matin Fulbari (1915–1990) Abu Zafar Mohammad Saleh (1915–1990) Ahmed Muhyuddin Nuri Shah Jilani (1915–1990) Mirajul Haq Deobandi (1910–1991) Minnatullah Rahmani (1913–1991) Sayed Moazzem Hossain (1901–1991) Taqi Amini (1926–1991) Habibur Rahman Azami (1900–1992) Hamid al-Ansari Ghazi (1909–1992) Muhammad Yunus (1906–1992) Masihullah Khan (1912–1992) Abul Hasan Jashori (1918–1993) Shams Naved Usmani (1931–1993) Shujaat Ali Qadri (1941–1993) Waqaruddin Qadri (1915–1993) Abdul Wahab Siddiqi (1942–1994) Inamul Hasan Kandhlawi (1918–1995) Ayub Ali (1919–1995) Wahiduzzaman Kairanawi (1930–1995) Abuzar Bukari (d. 1995) Mahmood Hasan Gangohi (1907–1996) Athar Mubarakpuri (1916–1996) Mukhtar Ashraf (1916–1996) Abdul Haque Faridi (1903–1996) Shamsuddin Qasemi (1935–1996) Manzoor Nomani (1905–1997) Sultan Ahmad Nanupuri (1914–1997) Ashraf Ali Dharmandali (1920–1997) Abd al-Fattah Abu Ghudda (1917–1997) Habibullah Mukhtar (1944-1997) Shamsul-hasan Shams Barelvi (1917–1997) Ghulam Moinuddin Gilani (1920–1997) Muhammad Abdullah Ghazi (1935–1998) Sadruddin Islahi (1917–1998) Karam Shah Azhari (1918–1998) Abdul Rasheed Nomani (1915–1999) Syed Ata-ul-Mohsin Bukhari (1939–1999) Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi (1913–1999) Ghulam Ali Okarvi (1919–2000) Ahmed Ali Badarpuri (1915–2000) Rashid Ahmed Jaunpuri (1889–2001) Mujahidul Islam Qasmi (1936–2002) Ajmal Khan Lahori (1930–2002) Arshadul Qadri (1925–2002) Ibrahim Siddiqui (1930–2002) Naeem Siddiqui (1916–2002) Shah Ahmad Noorani (1926–2003) Harun Islamabadi (1938 – 2003) Jameel Khan (1953–2004) Ismail Katki (1914–2005) Nur Uddin Gohorpuri (1924–2005) Ishaq Faridi (1957–2005) Ashraf Ali Bishwanathi (1928–2005) Kafilur Rahman Nishat Usmani (1942–2006) Syed Fazlul Karim (1935–2006) Shah Oliur Rahman (1916–2006) Abdullah Abbas Nadwi (1925–2006) Sirajussajidin Katki (1939–2006) Abrarul Haq Haqqi (1920–2006) Ubaidul Haq (1928–2007) Hasan Jan (1938–2007) Abdul Latif Fultali (1913–2008) Anzar Shah Kashmiri (1927–2008) Muhammad Abdullah (1932–2008) Obaidul Haque Wazirpuri (1934–2008) Azizur Rahman Qayed (1911–2008) Naseeruddin Naseer Gilani (1949–2009) Sarfraz Ahmed Naeemi (1948–2009) 15th/21st Marghoobur Rahman (1914–2010) Abu Saeed Muhammad Omar Ali (1945–2010) Naseer Ahmad Khan Bulandshahri (1918–2010) Khawaja Khan Muhammad (1916–2010) Zamiruddin Nanupuri (1936–2011) Zafeeruddin Miftahi (1926–2011) Azizul Haque (1919–2012) Abdus Sattar Akon (1929–2012) Saeed Ahmed Raipuri (1926–2012) Fazlul Haque Amini (1945–2012) Wahbi Sulayman Ghawji (1923–2013) Zainul Abideen Azmi (1932–2013) Muhammad Fazal Karim (1954–2013) Qazi Mu'tasim Billah (1933–2013) Abdullah Hasani Nadwi (1957–2013) Zubairul Hasan Kandhlawi (1950–2014) Nurul Islam Farooqi (1959–2014) Muhammad Mustafizur Rahman (1941–2014) Bahauddin Farooqi (1927–2014) Ahmad Naruyi (1963–2014) Asad Muhammad Saeed as-Sagharji (d. 2015) Abdur Rahman (scholar) (1920–2015) Abdul Majeed Ludhianvi (1935–2015) Abdullah Quraishi Al-Azhari (1935–2015) Sibtain Raza Khan (1927–2015) Muhiuddin Khan (1935–2016) Abdul Jabbar Jahanabadi (1937–2016) Shah Turab-ul-Haq (1944–2016) Saleemullah Khan (1921–2017) Yunus Jaunpuri (1937–2017) Alauddin Siddiqui (1938–2017) Muhammad Abdul Wahhab (1923–2018) Salim Qasmi (1926–2018) Akhtar Raza Khan (1943–2018) Iftikhar-ul-Hasan Kandhlawi (1922–2019) Talha Kandhlawi (1941–2019) Yusuf Motala (1946–2019) Ghulam Nabi Kashmiri (1965–2019) Khalid Mahmud (1925–2020) Abdul Haleem Chishti (1929–2020) Tafazzul Haque Habiganji (1938–2020) Muhammad Abdus Sobhan (1936–2020) Abdul Momin Imambari (1930–2020) Saeed Ahmad Palanpuri (1940–2020) Salman Mazahiri (1946–2020) Shah Ahmad Shafi (1945–2020) Adil Khan (1957–2020) Khadim Hussain Rizvi (1966–2020) Nur Hossain Kasemi (1945–2020) Azizur Rahman Hazarvi (1948–2020) Yahya Alampuri (1947–2020) Zar Wali Khan (1953–2020) Muhammad Naeem (1958–2020) Nurul Islam Jihadi (1916–2021) Abdul Razzaque Khan (1925–2021) Wahiduddin Khan (1925–2021) Nizamuddin Asir Adrawi (1926–2021) Muhammad Ali al-Sabuni (1930–2021) Abdur Razzaq Iskander (1935–2021) Wali Rahmani (1943–2021) Abdus Salam Chatgami (1943–2021) Usman Mansoorpuri (1944–2021) Syed Ata-ul-Muhaimin Bukhari (1944–2021) Abdul Khaliq Sambhali (1950–2021) Muhammad Wakkas (1952–2021) Noor Alam Khalil Amini (1952–2021) Junaid Babunagari (1953–2021) Ebrahim Desai (1963–2021) Faizul Waheed (1964–2021) AbdulWahid Rigi (d. 2022) Abdul Halim Bukhari (1945–2022) Rafi Usmani (1936–2022) Delwar Hossain Sayeedi (1940–2023) Yaseen Akhtar Misbahi (1953–2023) Shahidul Islam (1960–2023) Qamruddin Ahmad Gorakhpuri (1938–2024) Nadeem al-Wajidi (1954–2024) Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani (1935–2025) Hafez Ahmadullah Chatgami (1941–2025) Mukhtaruddin Shah (1950–2025) Ghulam Mohammad Vastanvi (1950–2025) Zulfiqar Ahmad Naqshbandi (1953–2025) Abu Taher Nadwi (1960–2026) Living Saifur Rahman Nizami (b. 1916) Ghulam Rasool Jamaati (b. 1923) Syed Waheed Ashraf (b. 1933) Muhammad Ishaq (b. 1935) Muhibbullah Babunagari (b. 1935) Ziaul Mustafa Razvi Qadri (b. 1935) Nematullah Azami (b. 1936) Yusuf Ziya Kavakçı (b. 1938) Madni Miyan (b. 1938) Muhammad 'Awwamah (b. 1940) Zia Uddin (b. 1941) Arshad Madani (b. 1941) Taqi Usmani (b. 1943) Kamaluddin Zafree (b. 1945) Muneeb-ur-Rehman (b. 1945) Qamaruzzaman Azmi (b. 1946) Ahmed Khanpuri (b. 1946) Abdolhamid Ismaeelzahi (b. 1946) Abul Qasim Nomani (b. 1947) Idrees Dahiri (b. 1947) Farid Uddin Chowdhury (b. 1947) Farid Uddin Masood (b. 1950) Sameeruddin Qasmi (b. 1950) Mahmudul Hasan (b. 1950) Ilyas Qadri (b. 1950) Kafeel Ahmad Qasmi (b. 1951) Tahir-ul-Qadri (b. 1951) Abul Kalam Qasmi Shamsi (b. 1951) Mustafa Cerić (b. 1952) Tariq Jamil (b. 1953) Fazal-ur-Rehman (b. 1953) Abdul Khaliq Madrasi (b. 1953) Sufyan Qasmi (b. 1954) Abdul Quddus (b. 1954) Nurul Islam Walipuri (b. 1955) Sajjad Nomani (b. 1955) Abdul Quddus Kumillai (b. 1955) Ghousavi Shah (b. 1955) Ameen Mian Quadri (b. 1955) Pir Sabir Shah (b. 1955) Abu Taher Misbah (b. 1956) Kaukab Noorani Okarvi (b. 1957) Hamid Saeed Kazmi (b. 1957) Rahmatullah Mir Qasmi (b. 1957) Hifzur Rahman (b. 1958) AFM Khalid Hossain (b. 1959) Muhammad Rashid Azmi (b. 1959) Najibul Bashar Maizbhandari (b. 1959) Abdul Aziz Ghazi (b. 1960) Ruhul Amin Faridpuri (b. 1962) Siraj-ul-Haq (b. 1962) Hanif Jalandhari (b. 1963) Husein Kavazović (b. 1964) Khurshid Anwar Gayavi (b. 1964) Sajidur Rahman (b. 1964) Ibrahim Mogra (b. 1965) Saad Kandhlawi (b. 1965) Faiz-ul-Aqtab Siddiqi (b. 1967) Abdullah Maroofi (b. 1967) Salman Mansoorpuri (b. 1967) Arshad Misbahi (b. 1968) Lutfur Rehman (b. 1968) Abu Reza Nadwi (b. 1968) Mahfuzul Haque (b. 1969) Ilyas Ghuman (b. 1969) Bilal Abdul Hai Hasani Nadwi (b. 1969) Muhammad Abdul Malek (b. 1969) Qasim Rashid Ahmad (b. 1970) Asjad Raza Khan (b. 1970) Syed Rezaul Karim (b. 1971) Riyadh ul Haq (b. 1971) Arif Jameel Mubarakpuri (b. 1971) Obaidullah Hamzah (b. 1972) Raza Saqib Mustafai (b. 1972) Manzoor Mengal (b. 1973) Syed Faizul Karim (b. 1973) Mamunul Haque (b. 1973) Salah Abu al-Haj (b. 1974) Husamuddin Fultali (b. 1974) Abdur Rahman Mangera (b. 1974) Faraz Rabbani (b. 1974) Ishtiaque Ahmad Qasmi (b. 1974) Adnan Kakakhail (b. 1975) Muhammad al-Kawthari (b. 1976) Amer Jamil (b. 1977) Yasir Nadeem al Wajidi (b. 1982) Shahinur Pasha Chowdhury (b. 1985) Abbas Siddiqui (b. 1987) Hasheem Ahmad Siddiqui (b. 1997) Kaif Raza Khan (b. 2001) Sheikh Hissamuddin Moinuddin Ruhi Anas Madani Fayez Ullah Chatgami Abdul Malek Halim Izharul Islam Chowdhury Tawqir Raza Khan Subhan Raza Khan Amjad M. Mohammed Anwar-ul-Haq Haqqani Mukarram Ahmad Noor-ul-Haq Qadri Abdul Khabeer Azad Sahibzada Hamid Raza Muzaffar Qadri Scholars of other Sunni Islamic schools of jurisprudence Hanbali Maliki Shafi'i Zahiri

v t e Maturidi school of Sunni theology Maturidi scholars 3rd AH/9th AD Abu Mansur al-Maturidi (d. 944) Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi (d. 956) Abu Bakr al-Kalabadhi (d. 990s) Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi (d. 983) 4th AH/10th AD Abu Zayd al-Dabusi (d. 1038 or 39) Ali Hujwiri (d. 1072) Yūsuf Balasaguni (d. 1077) Fakhr al-Islam al-Bazdawi (d. 1089) Al-Sarakhsi (d. 1090) Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi (d. 1100) 5th AH/11th AD Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi (d. 1114 or 15) Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari (d. 1139) Sheikh Ahmad-e Jami (d. 1141) Abu Hafs Umar al-Nasafi (d. 1142) Yusuf Hamadani (d. 1150) Ahmad Yasawi (d. 1166) Nur al-Din Zengi (d. 1174) Siraj al-Din al-Ushi (d. 1179 or 80) Nur al-Din al-Sabuni (d. 1184) Fatima al-Samarqandi (d. 1185) Al-Kasani (d. 1191) Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi (d. 1196 or 97) 6th AH/12th AD Abu al-Thana' al-Lamishi (d. beginning of the 12th century) Al-Mu'azzam 'Isa (d. 1227) Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki (d. 1235) Mu'in al-Din Chishti (d. 1236) Saif ed-Din al-Boharsi (d. 1261) Baba Farid (d. 1266) Rumi (d. 1273) Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi (d. after 1300) 7th AH/13th AD Abu al-Barakat al-Nasafi (d. 1310) Sultan Walad (d. 1312) Nizamuddin Auliya (d. 1325) Sadr al-Shari'a al-Asghar (d. 1346 or 47) Akmal al-Din al-Babarti (d. 1384) Baha' al-Din Naqshband (d. 1389) Kadi Burhan al-Din (d. 1398) 8th AH/14th AD Bande Nawaz (d. 1422) Shams al-Din al-Fanari (d. 1431) 'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari (d. 1438) Yaqub al-Charkhi (d. 1447) Ahmad ibn Arabshah (d. 1450) Badr al-Din al-'Ayni (d. 1451) Al-Kamal ibn al-Humam (d. 1457) Khidr Bey (d. 1459) Ali al-Bistami (d. 1470 or 71) 'Ali al-Qushji (d. 1474) Mehmed II (d. 1481) Khwaja Ahrar (d. 1490) 9th AH/15th AD Ali-Shir Nava'i (d. 1501) Husayn Kashifi (d. 1504) Ibn Kemal (d. 1534) Abdul Quddus Gangohi (d. 1537) Ibrāhīm al-Ḥalabī (d. 1549) Taşköprüzade (d. 1561) Muhammad Birgivi (d. 1573) Ebussuud Efendi (d. 1574) 10th AH/16th AD Khwaja Baqi Billah (d. 1603) 'Ali al-Qari (d. 1605 or 06) Hasan Kafi al-Aqhisari (d. 1615) Ahmad Sirhindi (d. 1624) Mahmud Hudayi (d. 1628) 'Abd al-Haqq al-Dehlawi (d. 1642) Mulla Mahmud Jaunpuri (d. 1651) 'Abd al-Hakim al-Siyalkoti (d. 1656) Wang Daiyu (d. around 1660) Kâtip Çelebi (d. 1657) Shihab al-Din al-Khafaji (d. 1659) Khayr al-Din al-Ramli (d. 1671) 11th AH/17th AD Aurangzeb (d. 1707) Ma Zhu (d. around 1710) Shah Abdur Rahim (d. 1719) Ismail Haqqi Bursevi (d. 1725) 'Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi (d. 1731) Liu Zhi of Nanjing (d. around 1739) Nizamuddin Sihalivi (d. 1748) Makhdoom Muhammad Hashim Thattvi (d. 1761) Shah Waliullah Dehlawi (d. 1762) İbrahim Hakkı Erzurumi (d. 1780) Mirza Mazhar Jan-e-Janaan (d. 1781) 12th AH/18th AD Murtada al-Zabidi (d. 1790) Gelenbevi Ismail Efendi (d. 1790 or 91) Ghabdennasir Qursawi (d. 1812) Ghulam Ali Dehlavi (d. 1824) Shah Abdul Aziz (d. 1824) Shah Ismail Dehlvi (d. 1831) Syed Ahmad Barelvi (d. 1831) Ibn 'Abidin (d. 1836) Muhammad 'Abid al-Sindi (d. 1841) Sanaullah Panipati (d. 1847) Mamluk Ali Nanautawi (d. 1851) Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi (d. 1861) Yusuf Ma Dexin (d. 1874) Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi (d. 1880) Naqi Ali Khan (d. 1880) 'Abd al-Ghani al-Maydani (d. 1881) 13th AH/19th AD 'Abd al-Hayy al-Lucknawi (d. 1886) Shihab al-Din al-Marjani (d. 1889) Rahmatullah al-Kairanawi (d. 1891) Giritli Sırrı Pasha (d. 1895) Ahmed Cevdet Pasha (d. 1895) Imdadullah Muhajir Makki (d. 1899) Abai Qunanbaiuly (d. 1904) Rashid Ahmad Gangohi (d. 1905) Ahmad Hasan Amrohi (d. 1912) Muhammad Anwaarullah Farooqui (d. 1917) Mahmud Hasan Deobandi (d. 1920) Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi (d. 1921) Muhammad Ali Mungeri (d. 1927) Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri (d. 1927) Shakarim Qudayberdiuli (d. 1931) Anwar Shah Kashmiri (d. 1933) Muhammad Bakhit al-Muti'i (d. 1935) Fatma Aliye Topuz (d. 1936) Meher Ali Shah (d. 1937) Muhammed Hamdi Yazır (d. 1942) Ashraf Ali Thanwi (d. 1943) Ubaidullah Sindhi (d. 1944) Shabbir Ahmad Usmani (d. 1949) Musa Bigiev (d. 1949) Al-Kawthari (d. 1952) Kifayatullah Dehlawi (d. 1952) Mustafa Sabri (d. 1954) Husayn Ahmad al-Madani (d. 1957) Süleyman Hilmi Tunahan (d. 1959) Ömer Nasuhi Bilmen (d. 1971) Muhammad Abu Zahra (d. 1974) Abul Wafa Al Afghani (d. 1975) Muhammad Shafi (d. 1976) Abdul Majid Daryabadi (d. 1977) 14th AH/20th AD Zakariyya Kandhlawi (d. 1982) Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi (d. 1983) Abdul Haq Akorwi (d. 1988) Habib al-Rahman al-'Azmi (d. 1992) Muhammad Ayyub Ali (d. 1995) Anzar Shah Kashmiri (d. 2008) Wahbah al-Zuhayli (d. 2015) Muhammad Salim Qasmi (d. 2018) Saeed Ahmad Palanpuri (d. 2020) Nur Hossain Kasemi (d. 2020) Muhammad Ali al-Sabuni (d. 2021) Usmankhan Alimov (d. 2021) Muhammad Rafi' Usmani (d. 2022) Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri Taqi Usmani Mustafa Cerić Husein Kavazović Salah Mezhiev Theology books Al-Fiqh al-Akbar Kitab al-Tawhid Tafsir al-Maturidi Al-'Aqida al-Tahawiyya Al-Sawad al-A'zam Tabsirat al-Adilla 'Aqa'id al-Nasafi Talkhis al-Adilla Masnavi Fihi Ma Fihi Han Kitab Qingzhen Zhinan Kutadgu Bilig Tafsir al-Mazhari Izhar ul-Haqq Al-Muhannad ala al-Mufannad Hak Dīni Kur'an Dili See also 2016 international conference on Sunni Islam in Grozny 2020 International Maturidi Conference Ahl al-Ra'y Kalam Tawhid Gedimu Firangi Mahal Deobandi Barelvi Maturidi-related templates Hanafi Ash'ari Sufi Islamic theology

Authority control databases International ISNI VIAF GND FAST WorldCat National United States Netherlands Sweden Israel Other IdRef İslâm Ansiklopedisi Yale LUX

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Sheikh Ahmad-e Jami](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheikh_Ahmad-e_Jami) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheikh_Ahmad-e_Jami?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.