# Sharwin I

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{{Infobox royalty
| name            = Sharwin I
| title           = [Ispahbadh](/source/Ispahbadh) of the [Bavand dynasty](/source/Bavand_dynasty)
| image           = 
| image_size      = 
| caption         = 
| reign           = 772–817
| coronation      =
| full name       =
| predecessor     = [Surkhab II](/source/Surkhab_II)
| successor       = [Shahriyar I](/source/Shahriyar_I)
| spouse          =
| issue           = Qaren
| royal house     = [Bavand dynasty](/source/Bavand_dynasty)
| dynasty         =
| father          = [Surkhab II](/source/Surkhab_II)
| mother          =
| birth_date      = Unknown
| birth_place     = [Tabaristan](/source/Tabaristan)
| death_date      = 817
| death_place     = 
| religion        = [Zoroastrianism](/source/Zoroastrianism)
| date of burial  =
| place of burial =
}}
'''Sharwin I''' ([Persian](/source/Persian_language): شروین) was the fifth ruler of the [Bavand dynasty](/source/Bavand_dynasty) from 772 to 817. He was the son and successor of [Surkhab II](/source/Surkhab_II).

== Background ==
In 760, during the reign of Sharwin's father Surkhab II, [Khurshid](/source/Khurshid_of_Tabaristan), the head of the [Dabuyid dynasty](/source/Dabuyid_dynasty) that had ruled Tabaristan since the [Muslim conquest of Persia](/source/Muslim_conquest_of_Persia), revolted against the [Abbasid Caliphate](/source/Abbasid_Caliphate). Khurshid was defeated and poisoned himself after learning that his family had been captured by the Abbasids.<ref name="Madelung200">Madelung (1975), p. 200</ref><ref name="Pourshariati317">Pourshariati (2008), p. 317</ref> This marked the end of the Dabuyid dynasty, but other minor dynasties in the region such as the [Bavandids](/source/Bavandids), [Karenids](/source/House_of_Karen) and [Zarmihrids](/source/Zarmihrids), who were all formerly subject to the Dabuyids, continued to control parts of Tabaristan as tributary vassals of the Abbasid government.

== Biography ==

In 772, Surkhab II died, and was succeeded by Sharwin I. During the same period, [Khalid ibn Barmak](/source/Khalid_ibn_Barmak), the Abbasid governor of Tabaristan, left the region. Shortly after Khalid's departure, the Karenid ruler [Vandad Hormozd](/source/Vandad_Hormozd) sent Sharwin a letter which urged him to revolt against the Abbasids. Sharwin accepted,<ref name="IbnIsfandiyar911">Ibn Isfandiyar, p. 128-132</ref> and along with Vandad Hormozd and the Zarmihrid ruler revolted against the Abbasids. Sharwin then began destroying the cities built by the Muslims in the region, and in 782, along with Vandad Hormozd, exterminated all the Muslims in Tabaristan. During the same period, the Karenids assumed the former Dabuyid title of ''Gilgilan'',<ref>Madelung (1975), p. 201</ref> while Sharwin assumed the title of ''[Padashwargarshah](/source/Padishkhwargar)'' ("King of the Mountains").<ref name="MadelungBavand">Madelung (1984), pp. 747–753</ref>

Sharwin and the other rulers of Tabaristan managed to repel several Arab invasions of Tabaristan, until they were finally defeated in 785, and once again agreed to pay tribute to the Abbasid caliphs.

In 805, the Abbasid caliph [Harun al-Rashid](/source/Harun_al-Rashid) visited [Ray](/source/Ray%2C_Iran) where he met Sharwin and Vandad Hormozd, who reaffirmed their submission to him and promised to pay tax. In order to ensure their loyalty, Harun took Sharwin's grandson [Shahriyar I](/source/Shahriyar_I) and Vandad Hormozd's son Karin as hostages to [Baghdad](/source/Baghdad). The two princes were allowed to return to Tabaristan after Harun's death four years later.<ref>Madelung (1975), p. 204</ref>

Sharwin died in 817, and was succeeded by his grandson Shahriyar I.

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

== Sources ==
{{Portal|Religion}}
* {{Cambridge History of Iran | volume = 4 | last = Madelung | first = W. | author-link = Wilferd Madelung | chapter = The Minor Dynasties of Northern Iran | pages = 198–249 |chapter-page=198}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | article = ĀL-E BĀVAND (BAVANDIDS) | last = Madelung | first = W. | author-link = Wilferd Madelung | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. I, Fasc. 7 | publisher = Routledge & Kegan Paul | location = London u.a. | year = 1984 | isbn = 90-04-08114-3 | pages = 747–753 | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/al-e-bavand}}

{{s-start}}
{{succession box
| before=[Surkhab II](/source/Surkhab_II)
| title=Bavand ruler
| years=772&ndash;817
| after=[Shahriyar I](/source/Shahriyar_I)
}}
{{s-end}}

{{Bavand dynasty}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharwin I}}
Category:Bavand dynasty
Category:9th-century monarchs in Asia
Category:8th-century monarchs in Asia
Category:8th-century Iranian people
Category:9th-century Iranian people
Category:Rebels from the Abbasid Caliphate 
Category:817 deaths
Category:Year of birth unknown
Category:Zoroastrian monarchs
Category:Vassal rulers of the Abbasid Caliphate

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Sharwin I](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharwin_I) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharwin_I?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.