# Shango

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Yoruba deity of thunder and 3rd Alaafin of the Oyo Empire

This article is about the deity and legendary figure. For other uses, see [Shango (disambiguation)](/source/Shango_(disambiguation)).

Shango Thunder Lightning Fire Justice Dance Virility Member of Irunmọlẹ Oriṣa Representation of Ṣàngó, National Museum of Brazil, Rio de Janeiro Other names Sango Ṣàngó Changó Xangô Jakuta Hevioso Siete Rayos Venerated in Yoruba religion, Dahomean religion, Batuque, West African Vodun, Santería, Umbanda, Candomblé, Haitian Vodou, Arará, Louisiana Voodoo, Folk Catholicism Major cult center Ọyọ Weapons Oṣé, thunderstone Day The fourth day of the Kọjọda week Wednesday Friday Color Red and White Region Nigeria, Benin, Togo, Ghana, Latin America Ethnic group Yoruba people, Fon people, Ewe people Temples Casa Branca Ilê Axé Opô Afonjá Festivals Sango Festival Genealogy Parents Ọranmiyan and Torosi Siblings Ajaka (brother) Spouse Ọba, Ọṣun, Ọya[a] Children Ibeji Equivalents Vodún Xɛvioso Catholicism Saint Barbara Igbo Amadioha

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**Shango** ([Yoruba](/source/Yoruba_language): *[Ṣàngó](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%B9%A2%C3%A0ng%C3%B3)*)[b] is the [Orisha](/source/Orisha) (or deity) of fire, thunder, lightning, virility, dance, drumming, strength and justice in the [Yoruba religion](/source/Yoruba_religion). Genealogically, Shango is a royal ancestor of the [Yoruba](/source/Yoruba_people) as he was the third [Alaafin](/source/Alaafin) of the [Oyo Empire](/source/Oyo_Empire) prior to his posthumous [deification](/source/Deification). Xangô, as he is called in Candomblé and various other Afro-Brazilian religions, is believed to have numerous manifestations as various historical and legendary figures, including Ayrá, Agodo, Afonja, Lubé, and Obomin. Ayrá is derived from another deity in [Yorùbáland](/source/Yor%C3%B9b%C3%A1land), the personification of thunder, that is often closely associated with Ṣàngó and is known variously as Àìrá, Àrá, Àrá-gbona etc.[3][4] Shango is known for his double-headed battle-axe (*[Oṣé](/source/O%E1%B9%A3%C3%A9)*) and is considered to be one of the most powerful rulers in Yoruba history.

In the [New World](/source/New_World), he is syncretized with either [Saint Barbara](/source/Saint_Barbara) or [Saint Jerome](/source/Saint_Jerome).

## Historical figure

Historically, Ṣàngó was the third Alaafin of Oyo, following [Oranmiyan](/source/Oranmiyan) and [Ajaka](/source/Ajaka).[4] He brought prosperity to the [Oyo Empire](/source/Oyo_Empire).[5] According to Professor Mason's *Mythological Account of Heroes and Kings*, unlike his peaceful brother Ajaka, he was a powerful, bellicose and violent ruler. He reigned for seven years which were marked by his continuous campaigns and many battles. His reign ended due to the inadvertent destruction of his palace by lightning. He had three wives, namely Queen [Oshun](/source/Oshun), Queen [Ọba](/source/%E1%BB%8Cba_(orisha)), and Queen [Ọya](/source/%E1%BB%8Cya).

Some of the slaves brought to the Americas were Yoruba, one of the various ethnic groups drawn into the [Atlantic slave trade](/source/Atlantic_slave_trade), and they brought the worship of Ṣàngó to the New World as a result. Strong devotion to Ṣàngó led to Yoruba religions in Trinidad and [Recife](/source/Recife), Brazil being named after the deity.[6]

## Veneration of Ṣàngó

Shango painting by Flavio Dutra.

### Yorubaland

Ṣàngó is viewed as one of the most powerful members of the orisha pantheon and is often described in two differing narratives.[7] In the first narrative, Ṣàngó casts a "[thunderstone](/source/Thunderstone_(folklore))" to earth, which creates thunder and lightning, to anyone who offends him. Worshippers in [Yorubaland](/source/Yorubaland) in [Nigeria](/source/Nigeria) do not eat [cowpea](/source/Cowpea) because they believe that the wrath of the god of thunder and lightning would descend on them.[8] In the second narrative, Ṣàngó is gifted with the ability to breathe fire and smoke through his nostrils and is known for being angered by his quarrelsome wives. These narratives also encapsulate the virility, bravery, and governance of Ṣàngó.[7] While he was feared for tyranny and destructive powers, he was also highly revered for his bravery, fairness, and tremendous powers.[7]

The Ṣàngó god necklaces are composed of varying patterns of red and white beads, usually in groupings of four or six, which are his sacred numbers. Rocks created by lightning strikes are venerated by Ṣàngó worshipers; these stones, if found, are maintained at sacred sites and used in rituals. Ṣàngó is called on during coronation ceremonies in Nigeria to the present day.[9][10][6]

In Yorubaland, Ṣàngó is worshipped on the fifth day of the week, which is named Ojo Jakuta. Ritual worship foods include guguru, bitter cola, [àmàlà](/source/Amala_(food)), and gbegiri soup. Also, he is worshipped with the Bata drum. One significant thing about this deity is that he is worshipped using red clothing, just as he is said to have admired red attire during his lifetime.[11]

### The Americas

Ṣàngó is venerated in [Santería](/source/Santer%C3%ADa) as "Changó". As in the Yoruba religion, Changó is one of the most feared gods in Santería.[9]

In Haïti, he is from the "Nago" Nation, and is known as Ogou Chango. [Palo](/source/Palo_(religion)) recognizes him as "Siete Rayos".

#### Candomblé

Ṣàngó is known as Xangô in the [Candomblé](/source/Candombl%C3%A9) pantheon. He is said to be the son of [Oranyan](/source/Oranyan), and his wives include [Oya](/source/Oya), [Oshun](/source/Oshun), and [Oba](/source/Oba_(Orisha)), as in the Yoruba tradition. Xangô took on strong importance among slaves in Brazil for his qualities of strength, resistance, and aggression. He is noted as the god of lightning and thunder. He became the patron [orixa](/source/Orisha) of plantations and many Candomblé terreiros. In contrast [Oko](/source/Oko_(Orisha)), the orixá of agriculture, found little favor among slaves in Brazil and has few followers in the Americas. This is likely because the enslaved had no interest in praying to Oko for bountiful harvest for their enslavers. The main barracão of [Ilê Axé Iyá Nassô Oká](/source/Il%C3%AA_Ax%C3%A9_Iy%C3%A1_Nass%C3%B4_Ok%C3%A1), or the terreiro Casa Branca, is dedicated to Xangô. Xangô is depicted with an *[oxê](/source/Ox%C3%AA)*, or double-sided ax similar to a [labrys](/source/Labrys); and a brass crown.[12][6][13]

#### Characteristics

- Consecrated day: Wednesday. December 4th

- Colors: white and red

- Elements: thunder, lightning, fire

- Sacred food: amalá (a swallow food made of yam, cassava flour, or unripe plantain flour called èlùbọ́)

- Instruments: oxê, a double ax; bangles; brass crown; Thunder Stones, or objects struck by lightning

- Garment: red cloth with printed white squares or cowrie shells

- Necklace or Elekes: white and red beads

- Archetype: power, dominance

- Sacred dance: *alujá*, the *roda de Xangô*. It speaks of his achievements, deeds, consorts, power, and dominion

- Sacrificial animals: fresh water turtle, male goat, sheep[13][12][14]

Amalá, also known as *amalá de Xangô*, is the ritual dish offered to the orixá. It is a stew made of chopped okra, onion, dried shrimp, and palm oil. Amalá is served on Wednesday at the *pegi*, or altar, on a large tray, traditionally decorated with 12 upright uncooked okra. Due to ritual prohibitions, the dish may not be offered on a wooden tray or accompanied by [bitter kola](/source/Garcinia_kola). Amalá de Xangô may also be prepared with the addition of beef, specifically an ox tail. Amalá de Xangô is different than [àmàlà](/source/Amala_(food)), a dish common to Yoruba areas of Nigeria.[12]

## In popular culture

Shango float at the Parade of Champions, [Rio Carnival](/source/Rio_Carnival), Sapucaí.

- "Shango (Chant to the God of Thunder)" is a track from *[Drums of Passion](/source/Drums_of_Passion)*, an album released by [Nigerian](/source/Nigeria) [percussionist](/source/Percussion) [Babatunde Olatunji](/source/Babatunde_Olatunji) in 1960.

- "Shango" is the title of a [Hugh Masekela](/source/Hugh_Masekela) track on his 2016 album *[No Borders](/source/No_Borders)*.

- The song "Que Viva Chango" by [Celina y Reutilio](/source/Celina_Gonz%C3%A1lez) refers both to Chango and to Santa Barbara.[15][16]

- [Shangó](/source/Shang%C3%B3_(Santana_album)) is the thirteenth album released by the American rock band [Santana](/source/Santana_(band)).

- Shango is the main protagonist of the famous 1963 play, [Ọba kò so](/source/%E1%BB%8Cba_k%C3%B2_so) by [Duro Ladipo](/source/Duro_Ladipo).

- The story of Shango was reimagined through a female protagonist in the 2022 fantasy novel *[Sànyà](/source/Sanya_(novel))* by [Oyin Olugbile](/source/Oyin_Olugbile). The book became critically acclaimed and went on to win the [2025 Nigeria Prize for Literature](/source/2025_Nigeria_Prize_for_Literature).[17]

- Shango is a large theme in the [Mighty Sparrow](/source/Mighty_Sparrow) song "Congo Man".

- Caliban invokes Shango in [Aimé Césaire](/source/Aim%C3%A9_C%C3%A9saire)'s play *[Une Tempête](/source/Une_Temp%C3%AAte)* (*A Tempest*).[18]

- The graffiti "CHANGO", written in large red letters in [Herman Braun-Vega](/source/Herman_Braun-Vega)'s portrait of [Wifredo Lam](/source/Wifredo_Lam) (collection of the [Centre National des Arts Plastiques](/source/Centre_national_des_arts_plastiques)),[19] refers to Lam's African cultural heritage.[20]

- Shango appears as a minor character in *[The Iron Druid Chronicles](/source/The_Iron_Druid_Chronicles)* by [Kevin Hearne](/source/Kevin_Hearne).

- Xango is depicted as a major antagonist in the comic series *[The Mummy: The Rise and Fall of Xango's Ax](/source/The_Mummy_(franchise)#Comic_books)*.

- "Shango" is a bonus track on [Guadalcanal Diary](/source/Guadalcanal_Diary_(band))'s album *[2x4](/source/2%C3%974_(Guadalcanal_Diary_album))*.

- Chango is portrayed by [Wale](/source/Wale_(rapper)) in season 3 of *[American Gods](/source/American_Gods_(TV_series))*.[21]

- FC Shango is an American men's recreational football club based in Minnesota and was formed in 1992. Competing in the highest division in amateur soccer in Minnesota, FC Shango won the state amateur soccer tournament in 2017, and currently has three teams: MASL D2, MSSL O40, and O50. They are the 2023 over 50 Masters League champions of the Minnesota Senior Soccer League MSSL. [\[1\]](https://minnesotaseniorsoccer.com/).

- *Shango* is the fifth album released by the multi-genre trance group [Juno Reactor](/source/Juno_Reactor).

## See also

- [Traditional African religion portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Traditional_African_religion)

- [Oya](/source/Oya)

- [Ogun](/source/Ogun)

- [Oshé](/source/Osh%C3%A9)

- [Oriṣa](/source/Ori%E1%B9%A3a)

## Notes

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** Ọba is generally considered the first wife of Ṣango, as well as the oldest. Ọṣun is the youngest wife, but was the second to be married to him, and Ọya was the third but was older than Ọṣun and younger than Ọba.[1]

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Also known as **Changó** or **Xangô** in [Latin America](/source/Latin_America); as **Jakuta** or **Badé**; and as **Ṣangó** in [Trinidad Orisha](/source/Trinidad_Orisha)**[2]**)

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** Johnson, Samuel. [*The History of the Yorubas from the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the British Protectorate*](https://www.google.com.ng/books/edition/The_History_of_the_Yorubas_from_the_Earl/RL7WAAAAMAAJ?hl=en).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-:03_3-0)** Salamone, Frank A. (2004). Levinson, David (ed.). *Encyclopedia of Religious Rites, Rituals, and Festivals*. New York: [Routledge](/source/Routledge). p. 24. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-415-94180-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-94180-6).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-a_5-0)** Adeoye, C. L. (1989). *Ìgbàgbọ́ àti ẹ̀sìn Yorùba* (in Yoruba). Ibadan: Evans Bros. Nigeria Publishers. pp. 285–302. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9781675098](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781675098).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-William_6-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-William_6-1) Bascom, William Russell (1980). [*Sixteen Cowries: Yoruba Divination from Africa to the New World*](https://books.google.com/books?id=CfmDsiI7TbgC&pg=PA44). [Indiana University Press](/source/Indiana_University_Press). p. 44. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-253-20847-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-253-20847-5).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Anthony_7-0)** Lum, Kenneth Anthony (2000). [*Praising His Name in the Dance*](https://books.google.com/books?id=OvLBLzXQ1eYC&pg=PA231). [Routledge](/source/Routledge). p. 231. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [90-5702-610-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-5702-610-4).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-v_8-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-v_8-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-v_8-2) Voeks, Robert (1997). [*Sacred leaves of Candomblé: African magic, medicine, and religion in Brazil*](https://archive.org/details/sacredleavesofca00voek/page/55). Austin: [University of Texas Press](/source/University_of_Texas_Press). p. [55](https://archive.org/details/sacredleavesofca00voek/page/55). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9780292787315](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780292787315).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:0_9-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:0_9-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:0_9-2) Tishken, Joel E., ed. (2009). *Sango in Africa and the African Diaspora*. Indiana: Indiana University Press. pp. 218–219. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9780253220943](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780253220943).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** ["Sango spit fire in Oyo @ World Sango Festival 2016 Mp3 İndir"](https://mp3indir.icu/sango-spit-fire-in-oyo-world-sango-festival-2016-mp3-indir_IEhWngH8OfU.html). *mp3indir.icu*. Retrieved 2019-06-10.[*[dead link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot)*]

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-mu_11-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-mu_11-1) Murrell, Nathaniel Samuel (2010). *Afro-Caribbean Religions : an Introduction to Their Historical, Cultural, and Sacred Traditions*. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. pp. 32–33. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9781439900406](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781439900406).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Onifade_12-0)** Onifade, Olasunkanmi Adeoye (2006). [". Perception of Health educator about the effects of food taboos and fallacies on the health of Nigerians"](https://web.archive.org/web/20160604092215/http://www.unilorin.edu.ng/publications/onifadeoa/perception%20of%20Health%20Educators.pdf) (PDF). *Educational Research and Development*: 44–50. Archived from [the original](http://www.unilorin.edu.ng/publications/onifadeoa/perception%20of%20Health%20Educators.pdf) (PDF) on 4 June 2016. Retrieved 13 May 2016.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-j_13-0)** Johnson, [*History of the Yorubas*](https://books.google.com/books?id=7XSiGw4_qlAC&q=johnson,+history+of+the+yorubas), 149-152.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-l_14-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-l_14-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-l_14-2) Lody, Raul (2003). *Dicionário de arte sacra & técnicas afro-brasileiras*. Rio de Janeiro: Pallas. pp. 38, 195–197. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9788534701877](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788534701877).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-abril_15-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-abril_15-1) Hargreaves, Patricia, ed. (2018). *Religiões Afro: as origens, as divindades, os rituais*. São Paulo: Abril. p. 28. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9788569522492](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788569522492).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-m_16-0)** Magalhães, Elyette Guimarães de (2003). *Orixás da Bahia* (8a ed.). Salvador, Bahia: Secretaria da Cultura e Turismo. pp. 155–156.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-17)** ["- YouTube"](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K0_0frqtOok&list=RDK0_0frqtOok&start_radio=1%3C%2Fref%3E%3Cref%3Ehttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.paroles-musique.com%2Feng%2FCelina_feat_Reutilio-Que_Viva_Chango-lyrics%2Cp036582493%3C%2Fref). [YouTube](/source/YouTube).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-18)** ["Que Viva Chango lyrics by Celina & Reutilio"](https://www.paroles-musique.com/eng/Celina_feat_Reutilio-Que_Viva_Chango-lyrics,p036582493).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-19)** Kan, Toni (October 10, 2025). ["Oyin Olugbile's "Sanya" wins $100k Nigeria Prize for Literature"](https://thelagosreview.ng/oyin-olugbiles-sanya-wins-100k-nigeria-prize-for-literature/). *The Lagos Review*. Retrieved October 12, 2025.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-20)** Césaire, Aimé (2010). [*A tempest*](http://www.aspresolver.com/aspresolver.asp?BLD2;PL005436). Alexandria, VA: [Alexander Street Press](/source/Alexander_Street_Press).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-21)** Braun-Vega, Herman (1979). ["Portrait de Wifredo Lam"](https://web.archive.org/web/20260113143024/https://www.cnap.fr/collection-en-ligne#/artwork/herman-braun-vega-german-braun-vega-dit-portrait-de-wifredo-lam-140000000014522). *cnap.fr*. Archived from [the original](https://www.cnap.fr/collection-en-ligne#/artwork/herman-braun-vega-german-braun-vega-dit-portrait-de-wifredo-lam-140000000014522) on 2026-01-13. Retrieved 2026-02-06.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-22)** Morice, Nathalie (September 2004). "Estudio del retrato de Wifredo Lam". [*La memoria cultural y la memoria politico-social en la pintura de Herman Braun-Vega*](https://braunvega.com/picture?/5072/category/672-la_memoria_cultural_y_la_memoria_politico_social_en_la_pintura_de_herman_braun_vega) [*Cultural Memory and Politico-Social Memory in Herman Braun-Vega's Painting*] (in Spanish). Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis. pp. 59–63.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-23)** Abbey White (2021-01-31). ["Why Chango From American Gods Season 3 Looks So Familiar"](https://www.looper.com/323792/why-chango-from-american-gods-season-3-looks-so-familiar/). *Looper.com*. Retrieved 2021-02-01.

## Bibliography

- Johnson, Samuel, [*History of the Yorubas*](https://books.google.com/books?id=7XSiGw4_qlAC&q=johnson,+history+of+the+yorubas), London 1921 (pp. 149–152).

- Law, Robin: *The Oyo Empire c. 1600 – c. 1836*, Oxford 1977.

- Seux, M.-J., *Épithètes royales akkadiennes et sumériennes*, Paris 1967.

- Tishken,Joel E., Tóyìn Fálọlá, and Akíntúndéí Akínyẹmí (eds), *Sàngó in Africa and the African Diaspora*, Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 2009.

## Further reading

- Charles Spencer King, "Nature's Ancient Religion: Orisha Worship & IFA" [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [1-4404-1733-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4404-1733-4)

- Charles Spencer King, "IFA Y Los Orishas: La Religion Antigua De LA Naturaleza" [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [1-4610-2898-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4610-2898-1)

## External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to [Shango](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Shango).

- [Santeria.fr: All about Shango](http://www.en.santeria.fr/?s=shango) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160917233601/http://www.en.santeria.fr/?s=shango) 2016-09-17 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine)

- [Santeria.fr: Todo sobre Shango](http://www.es.santeria.fr/?s=shango) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20150924001936/http://www.es.santeria.fr/?s=shango) 2015-09-24 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine)

- [Santeria.fr: Tout sur Shango](http://www.santeria.fr/?s=shango)

v t e Alaafins of the Oyo Empire Oyo Empire Oranyan Ajaka Shango Ajaka (restored) Aganju Kori Oluaso Onigbogi Ofirin Eguguojo Orompoto Abipa Obalokun Oluodo Ajagbo Odarawu Kanran Jayin Ayibi Osiyago Ojigi Gberu Amuniwaiye Onisile Labisi Awonbioju Agboluaje Majeogbe Abiodun Awole Arogangan Adebo Makua Majotu Amodo Oluewu Atiba Atobatele Adelu Adeyemi I Alowolodu Under British rule Adeyemi I Alowolodu Lawani Agogoja Siyanbola Onikepe Oladigbolu I Adeyemi II Adeniran Bello Gbadegesin Oladigbolu II Under Nigerian rule Bello Gbadegesin Oladigbolu II Lamidi Adeyemi III Abimbola Owoade

v t e Yoruba religion (Orisa-Ifá) Spirits Supreme Creator (God) Olodumare Ọlọrun Olofi Orishas/Irunmole Elegua Eṣu Ogun Ọṣọọsi Ọṣun Ori Ọrunmila Ọbatala Shango Aganju Agemo Yemọja Ọya Ọba Ọsanyin Babalu Aye Olokun Orisha Oko Erinlẹ Oshunmare Ibeji Yewa Sopona Countries of development Nigeria Cuba Brazil Trinidad Topics Medicine Music Itan Art Ogboni Gelede Ifá Iyami Aje Egungun Babalawo Iyalawo Calendar Letra del año Sacred sites Ile Ife Oyo Osun-Osogbo Yorubaland Legendary figures Oduduwa Ọranyan Moremi Ajasoro

Authority control databases International VIAF National United States Israel

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Shango](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shango) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shango?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.