# September 18

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> Source revision: 1356765906
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

## Events

### Pre-1600

- [96](/source/AD_96) – Emperor [Domitian](/source/Domitian) is assassinated as a result of a plot by his wife Domitia and two Praetorian prefects. [Nerva](/source/Nerva) is then proclaimed as his successor.[1]
- [324](/source/324) – [Constantine the Great](/source/Constantine_the_Great) decisively defeats Licinius in the [Battle of Chrysopolis](/source/Battle_of_Chrysopolis), establishing Constantine's sole control over the Roman Empire.[2]
- [1048](/source/1048) – [Battle of Kapetron](/source/Battle_of_Kapetron) between a combined Byzantine-Georgian army and a [Seljuq](/source/Seljuq_Empire) army.[3]
- [1066](/source/1066) – Norwegian king [Harald Hardrada](/source/Harald_Hardrada) lands with [Tostig Godwinson](/source/Tostig_Godwinson) at the mouth of the Humber River and begins his invasion of England.[4]
- [1180](/source/1180) – [Philip Augustus](/source/Philip_Augustus) becomes king of France at the age of fifteen.[5]
- [1454](/source/1454) – [Thirteen Years' War](/source/Thirteen_Years'_War_(1454%E2%80%931466)): In the [Battle of Chojnice](/source/Battle_of_Chojnice_(1454)), the Polish army is defeated by the [Teutonic knights](/source/Teutonic_Order).
- [1544](/source/1544) – The expedition of [Juan Bautista Pastene](/source/Juan_Bautista_Pastene) makes landfall in [San Pedro Bay](/source/San_Pedro_Bay_(Chile)), [southern Chile](/source/Zona_Sur), claiming the territory for Spain.[6]

### 1601–1900

- [1618](/source/1618) – The twelfth [baktun](/source/Baktun) in the Mesoamerican Long Count calendar begins.
- [1714](/source/1714) – [George I](/source/George_I_of_Great_Britain) arrives in Great Britain after becoming king on August 1.
- [1739](/source/1739) – The [Treaty of Belgrade](/source/Treaty_of_Belgrade) is signed, whereby Austria cedes lands south of the Sava and Danube rivers to the Ottoman Empire.
- [1759](/source/1759) – [French and Indian War](/source/French_and_Indian_War): The [Articles of Capitulation of Quebec](/source/Articles_of_Capitulation_of_Quebec) are signed.
- [1793](/source/1793) – The first cornerstone of the [United States Capitol](/source/United_States_Capitol) is laid by George Washington.
- [1809](/source/1809) – The [Royal Opera House](/source/Royal_Opera_House) in London opens.
- [1810](/source/1810) – [First Government Junta](/source/Government_Junta_of_Chile_(1810)) in Chile. Though supposed to rule only during the [Peninsular War](/source/Peninsular_War) in Spain, it is in fact the first step towards independence from Spain, and is commemorated as such.
- [1812](/source/1812) – [The 1812 Fire of Moscow](/source/Fire_of_Moscow_(1812)) dies down after destroying more than three-quarters of the city. Napoleon returns from the [Petrovsky Palace](/source/Petrovsky_Palace) to the Moscow Kremlin, spared from the fire.
- [1837](/source/1837) – [Tiffany & Co.](/source/Tiffany_%26_Co.) (first named Tiffany & Young) is founded by [Charles Lewis Tiffany](/source/Charles_Lewis_Tiffany) and Teddy Young in New York City. The store is called a "stationery and fancy goods emporium".
- [1838](/source/1838) – The [Anti-Corn Law League](/source/Anti-Corn_Law_League) is established by [Richard Cobden](/source/Richard_Cobden).
- [1850](/source/1850) – The U.S. Congress passes the [Fugitive Slave Act of 1850](/source/Fugitive_Slave_Act_of_1850).
- [1851](/source/1851) – First publication of *The New-York Daily Times*, which later becomes *[The New York Times](/source/The_New_York_Times)*.
- [1860](/source/1860) – [Second Opium War](/source/Second_Opium_War): [Battle of Zhangjiawan](/source/Battle_of_Zhangjiawan): Now heading towards [Beijing](/source/Beijing) after having recently occupied [Tianjin](/source/Tianjin), the allied [Anglo](/source/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland)-[French](/source/Second_French_Empire) force engages and defeats a larger [Qing Chinese](/source/Qing_dynasty) army at [Zhangjiawan](/source/Battle_of_Zhangjiawan).[7]
- 1860 – [Wars of Italian Unification](/source/Italian_unification): [Battle of Castelfidardo](/source/Battle_of_Castelfidardo): [Royal Sardinian Army](/source/Royal_Sardinian_Army) defeats forces of the [Papal States](/source/Papal_States), resulting in the conquest of [Umbria](/source/Umbria) and [Marche](/source/Marche) by the [Kingdom of Italy](/source/Kingdom_of_Italy).[8]
- [1862](/source/1862) – The [Confederate States](/source/Confederate_States) celebrate for the first and only time a [Thanksgiving Day](/source/Thanksgiving_Day).[9]
- [1863](/source/1863) – [American Civil War](/source/American_Civil_War): The [Battle of Chickamauga](/source/Battle_of_Chickamauga) begins between Confederate and Union forces. It involves the second highest amount of casualties for any [American Civil War](/source/American_Civil_War) battle apart from [Gettysburg](/source/Battle_of_Gettysburg).[10]
- [1864](/source/1864) – American Civil War: [John Bell Hood](/source/John_Bell_Hood) begins the [Franklin–Nashville Campaign](/source/Franklin%E2%80%93Nashville_Campaign) in an unsuccessful attempt to draw [William Tecumseh Sherman](/source/William_Tecumseh_Sherman) back out of [Georgia](/source/Georgia_(U.S._state)).[11]
- [1867](/source/1867) – The first provincial election for the [Nova Scotia Legislative Assembly](/source/Nova_Scotia_Legislative_Assembly) after Canada's [Confederation](/source/Canadian_Confederation) returns a large majority for the [Anti-Confederation Party](/source/Anti-Confederation_Party), led by [William Annand](/source/William_Annand), who becomes Premier.[12]
- 1867 – The fourth and current [State Constitution of Maryland](/source/Constitution_of_Maryland) is ratified by voters.[13]
- [1870](/source/1870) – During an [expedition](/source/Washburn%E2%80%93Langford%E2%80%93Doane_Expedition) to the [Wyoming Territory](/source/Wyoming_Territory), [Henry D. Washburn](/source/Henry_D._Washburn) observes and names the [Old Faithful Geyser](/source/Old_Faithful_Geyser).[14]
- [1873](/source/1873) – The U.S. bank [Jay Cooke & Company](/source/Jay_Cooke_%26_Company) declares bankruptcy, contributing to the [Panic of 1873](/source/Panic_of_1873).
- [1879](/source/1879) – The [Blackpool Illuminations](/source/Blackpool_Illuminations) are switched on for the first time.[15]
- [1882](/source/1882) – The [Pacific Stock Exchange](/source/Pacific_Stock_Exchange) opens.
- [1885](/source/1885) – Five Chinese people [were lynched](/source/1885_Pierce_City_lynching) outside of [Pierce City](/source/Pierce,_Idaho) in the [Idaho Territory](/source/Idaho_Territory) of the United States.[16]
- [1897](/source/1897) – [Veal Oscar](/source/Veal_Oscar), a dish of veal, seafood, asparagus, and Bernaise sauce, is first served at the [Grand Hotel](/source/Grand_H%C3%B4tel_(Stockholm)) in [Stockholm](/source/Stockholm), in honour of the 25th anniversary of the reign of King [Oscar II](/source/Oscar_II) of [Sweden](/source/Sweden) and [Norway](/source/Norway).[17]
- [1898](/source/1898) – The [Fashoda Incident](/source/Fashoda_Incident) triggers the last war scare between Britain and France.[18]

### 1901–present

- [1906](/source/1906) – The [1906 Hong Kong typhoon](/source/1906_Hong_Kong_typhoon) kills an estimated 10,000 people.[19]
- [1910](/source/1910) – In Washington, D.C., [George Owen Squier](/source/George_Owen_Squier) demonstrated the first system to allow [multiplexing](/source/Multiplexing) of telephone transmissions, sending a message between two laboratories of the [U.S. Signal Corps](/source/U.S._Signal_Corps).[20]
- [1914](/source/1914) – The [Irish Home Rule Act](/source/Government_of_Ireland_Act_1914) becomes law, but is delayed until after World War I.
- [1915](/source/1915) – The *[Saturday Evening Post](/source/Saturday_Evening_Post)* publishes the short story "[Extricating Young Gussie](/source/Extricating_Young_Gussie)" by [P.G. Wodehouse](/source/P.G._Wodehouse), featuring the first appearance of [Bertie Wooster](/source/Bertie_Wooster) and his valet [Jeeves](/source/Jeeves).[21]
- [1919](/source/1919) – [Fritz Pollard](/source/Fritz_Pollard) becomes the first African American to play professional football for a major team, the Akron Pros.
- 1919 – In the [Netherlands](/source/Netherlands), a law granting full [voting rights to women](/source/Feminism_in_the_Netherlands) is granted royal assent by [Queen Wilhelmina](/source/Queen_Wilhelmina).[22]
- [1921](/source/1921) – [Rif War](/source/Rif_War): In [Ajdir](/source/Ajdir), [Spanish Morocco](/source/Spanish_Morocco), a secessionist group of [Berbers](/source/Berber_people) led by [Abd el-Krim](/source/Abd_el-Krim) proclaim the [Republic of the Rif](/source/Republic_of_the_Rif), in rebellion against the Sultan of Morocco and the Spanish Army. French and Spanish forces suppress the Republic by May 1926.[23]
- [1922](/source/1922) – The [Kingdom of Hungary](/source/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1920%E2%80%931946)) is admitted to the [League of Nations](/source/League_of_Nations).
- [1924](/source/1924) – The U.S. ends its [military occupation of the Dominican Republic](/source/United_States_occupation_of_the_Dominican_Republic_(1916%E2%80%931924)), after invading in May 1916 to force the Dominican government to pay its debts to European creditors.[24]
- [1926](/source/1926) – A [hurricane](/source/1926_Miami_hurricane) devastates [Miami](/source/Miami), [Florida](/source/Florida), killing 372 people.[25]
- [1927](/source/1927) – The [Columbia Broadcasting System](/source/Columbia_Broadcasting_System) goes on the air.
- [1928](/source/1928) – [Juan de la Cierva](/source/Juan_de_la_Cierva) makes the first [Autogyro](/source/Autogyro) crossing of the English Channel.
- [1931](/source/1931) – Imperial Japan instigates the [Mukden incident](/source/Mukden_incident) as a pretext to [invade and occupy Manchuria](/source/Japanese_invasion_of_Manchuria).
- [1932](/source/1932) – The body of actress [Peg Entwistle](/source/Peg_Entwistle) is discovered by police, two days after her [suicide](/source/Suicide) by jumping off of the [Hollywoodland sign](/source/Hollywood_sign).[26]
- [1934](/source/1934) – The [Soviet Union](/source/Soviet_Union) is admitted to the [League of Nations](/source/League_of_Nations).
- [1939](/source/1939) – [World War II](/source/World_War_II): The Polish government of [Ignacy Mościcki](/source/Ignacy_Mo%C5%9Bcicki) flees to Romania.
- 1939 – World War II: The radio show *[Germany Calling](/source/Germany_Calling)* begins transmitting Nazi propaganda.
- [1941](/source/1941) – World War II: The Soviet Union introduces conscription for all males between the ages of 16 and 50.[27]
- [1943](/source/1943) – World War II: Adolf Hitler orders the deportation of [Danish Jews](/source/History_of_the_Jews_in_Denmark#The_Nazi_era).
- [1944](/source/1944) – World War II: The British submarine [HMS *Tradewind*](/source/HMS_Tradewind_(P329)) torpedoes *[Jun'yō Maru](/source/Jun'y%C5%8D_Maru)*, killing 5,600, mostly slave labourers and POWs.
- 1944 – World War II: [Operation Market Garden](/source/Operation_Market_Garden) results in the liberation of [Eindhoven](/source/Eindhoven).[28][29]
- 1944 – World War II: The [Battle of Arracourt](/source/Battle_of_Arracourt) begins.[30]
- [1945](/source/1945) – General [Douglas MacArthur](/source/Douglas_MacArthur) moves his general headquarters from Manila to Tokyo.
- [1947](/source/1947) – The [National Security Act](/source/National_Security_Act_of_1947) reorganizes the United States government's military and intelligence services.
- [1948](/source/1948) – [Operation Polo](/source/Operation_Polo) is terminated after the Indian Army accepts the surrender of the army of Hyderabad.
- 1948 – [Margaret Chase Smith](/source/Margaret_Chase_Smith) of Maine becomes the first woman [elected](/source/1948_United_States_Senate_election_in_Maine) to the [United States Senate](/source/United_States_Senate) without completing another senator's term.
- [1950](/source/1950) – [Korean War](/source/Korean_War): [U.S. Eighth Army](/source/U.S._Eighth_Army) and United Nations forces break out of the [Pusan Perimeter](/source/Battle_of_Pusan_Perimeter) in southeast Korea.[31]
- 1950 – [TV Tupi Difusora](/source/Rede_Tupi), the first television station to broadcast in [Brazil](/source/Brazil), begins transmissions on Channel 3 in [São Paulo](/source/S%C3%A3o_Paulo).[32]
- [1954](/source/1954) – Finnish president [J. K. Paasikivi](/source/J._K._Paasikivi) becomes the first Western head of state to be awarded the highest honor of the [Soviet Union](/source/Soviet_Union), the [Order of Lenin](/source/Order_of_Lenin).[33][34]
- [1955](/source/1955) – A four-person landing party, led by Lt.-Cdr. Desmond Scott RN, disembarks from a [Royal Navy](/source/Royal_Navy) helicopter and raises the [Union Flag](/source/Union_Flag) on [Rockall](/source/Rockall), claiming the uninhabited Atlantic island for the [United Kingdom](/source/United_Kingdom).[35]
- [1958](/source/1958) – The [Bank of America](/source/Bank_of_America) introduces its first [credit card](/source/Credit_card), the [BankAmericard](/source/BankAmericard) (later renamed the [VISA Card](/source/Visa_Inc.)), in a [test market](/source/Test_market) in [Fresno County, California](/source/Fresno_County,_California).[36]
- [1960](/source/1960) – [Fidel Castro](/source/Fidel_Castro) arrives in New York City as the head of the Cuban delegation to the [United Nations](/source/United_Nations).
- [1961](/source/1961) – United Nations Secretary-General [Dag Hammarskjöld](/source/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld) dies in an [air crash](/source/1961_Ndola_United_Nations_DC-6_crash) while attempting to negotiate peace in the Katanga region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
- [1962](/source/1962) – [Burundi](/source/Burundi), [Jamaica](/source/Jamaica), [Rwanda](/source/Rwanda) and [Trinidad and Tobago](/source/Trinidad_and_Tobago) are admitted to the United Nations.
- 1962 – [Aeroflot Flight 213](/source/Aeroflot_Flight_213) crashes into a mountain near [Chersky Airport](/source/Chersky_Airport), killing 32 people.[37]
- [1964](/source/1964) – The [wedding of Constantine II of Greece and Princess Anne-Marie of Denmark](/source/Wedding_of_Constantine_II_and_Princess_Anne-Marie) takes place in Athens.[38]
- 1964 – The first [television adaptation](/source/The_Addams_Family_(1964_TV_series)) of [Charles Addams](/source/Charles_Addams)'s "[The Addams Family](/source/The_Addams_Family)" premieres on [ABC Television](/source/American_Broadcasting_Company).[39]
- [1965](/source/1965) – [Mel Brooks](/source/Mel_Brooks) and [Buck Henry](/source/Buck_Henry)'s spy-comedy series *[Get Smart](/source/Get_Smart)* premieres on [NBC Television](/source/NBC).[40]
- [1973](/source/1973) – [The Bahamas](/source/The_Bahamas), [East Germany](/source/East_Germany) and [West Germany](/source/West_Germany) are admitted to the United Nations.
- [1974](/source/1974) – [Hurricane Fifi](/source/Hurricane_Fifi) strikes Honduras with 110 mph winds, killing 5,000 people.
- [1977](/source/1977) – [Voyager I](/source/Voyager_I) takes the first distant photograph of the Earth and the Moon together.
- [1980](/source/1980) – [Soyuz 38](/source/Soyuz_38) carries two cosmonauts (including one Cuban) to the [Salyut 6](/source/Salyut_6) space station.
- 1980 – A fuel leak from a [Titan II](/source/LGM-25C_Titan_II) [intercontinental ballistic missile](/source/Intercontinental_ballistic_missile) at a USAF base near [Damascus, Arkansas](/source/Damascus,_Arkansas), results in an [explosion in a missile silo](/source/1980_Damascus_Titan_missile_explosion), killing one person and injuring 21 others.[41]
- [1981](/source/1981) – The *[Assemblée Nationale](/source/National_Assembly_(France))* votes to abolish [capital punishment in France](/source/Capital_punishment_in_France).
- [1984](/source/1984) – [Joe Kittinger](/source/Joe_Kittinger) completes the first solo balloon crossing of the Atlantic.
- [1988](/source/1988) – The [8888 Uprising](/source/8888_Uprising) in Myanmar comes to an end.
- 1988 – General [Henri Namphy](/source/Henri_Namphy), president of Haiti, is ousted from power in a [coup d'état](/source/September_1988_Haitian_coup_d'%C3%A9tat) led by General [Prosper Avril](/source/Prosper_Avril).[42]
- 1988 – The [Magna Charta Universitatum](/source/Magna_Charta_Universitatum), asserting key principles essential to the free operation of universities, is signed in [Bologna](/source/Bologna) by the rectors of 388 institutions of higher learning, to commemorate the 900th anniversary of the [University of Bologna](/source/University_of_Bologna).[43]
- [1989](/source/1989) – An [attempted coup d'état](/source/1989_Burkina_Faso_coup_attempt) against [Burkina Faso](/source/Burkina_Faso) president [Blaise Compaoré](/source/Blaise_Compaor%C3%A9) is uncovered and foiled.[44]
- [1990](/source/1990) – [Liechtenstein](/source/Liechtenstein) becomes a member of the United Nations.
- [1992](/source/1992) – An explosion rocks [Giant Mine](/source/Giant_Mine) at the height of a labor dispute, killing nine replacement workers in Yellowknife, Canada.
- [1997](/source/1997) – United States media magnate [Ted Turner](/source/Ted_Turner) donates US$1 billion to the United Nations.
- 1997 – The [Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention](/source/Ottawa_Treaty) is adopted.
- [2001](/source/2001) – First mailing of [anthrax](/source/Anthrax) letters from [Trenton, New Jersey](/source/Trenton,_New_Jersey) in the [2001 anthrax attacks](/source/2001_anthrax_attacks).
- [2006](/source/2006) – [The CW Television Network](/source/The_CW_Television_Network) debuts in the US, following the merger of [UPN](/source/UPN) and [The WB](/source/The_WB).[45]
- [2007](/source/2007) – Buddhist monks join anti-government protesters in Myanmar, starting what some call the [Saffron Revolution](/source/Saffron_Revolution).
- [2009](/source/2009) – After 72 years on radio and television, [CBS Television](/source/CBS_Television) broadcasts the final episode of *[Guiding Light](/source/Guiding_Light)*, the longest-running [soap opera](/source/Soap_opera) in American history.[46]
- [2010](/source/2010) – [Philippe Croizon](/source/Philippe_Croizon) becomes the first quadruple amputee to swim across the [English Channel](/source/English_Channel).[47]
- [2011](/source/2011) – The [2011 Sikkim earthquake](/source/2011_Sikkim_earthquake) is felt across northeastern India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and southern Tibet.
- [2013](/source/2013) – A [VIA Rail](/source/VIA_Rail) train [crashes into a double-decker bus](/source/2013_Ottawa_bus%E2%80%93train_crash) at a train station in [Ottawa, Canada](/source/Ottawa,_Canada), killing six people and injuring 35 others.[48]
- [2014](/source/2014) – Scotland [votes against](/source/2014_Scottish_independence_referendum) independence from the United Kingdom, by 55% to 45%.
- [2015](/source/2015) – Two security personnel, 17 worshippers in a mosque, and 13 militants are killed during a Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan [attack](/source/2015_Camp_Badaber_attack) on a Pakistan Air Force base on the outskirts of Peshawar.
- [2016](/source/2016) – The [2016 Uri attack](/source/2016_Uri_attack) in [Jammu and Kashmir, India](/source/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)) by terrorist group [Jaish-e-Mohammed](/source/Jaish-e-Mohammed) results in the deaths of nineteen Indian Army soldiers and all four attackers.
- [2017](/source/2017) – Toy retail chain [Toys "R" Us](/source/Toys_%22R%22_Us) files for bankruptcy protection in the United States and Canada.[49]
- [2018](/source/2018) – [Cannabis](/source/Cannabis) is [legalized](/source/Cannabis_in_South_Africa) in [South Africa](/source/South_Africa), through a ruling of the [Constitutional Court](/source/Constitutional_Court_of_South_Africa).[50]

## Births

### Pre-1600

- [AD 53](/source/AD_53) – [Trajan](/source/Trajan), Roman emperor (died 117)[51]
- [524](/source/524) – [Kan Bahlam I](/source/Kan_Bahlam_I), ruler of [Palenque](/source/Palenque) (died 583)
- [1091](/source/1091) – [Andronikos Komnenos](/source/Andronikos_Komnenos_(son_of_Alexios_I)), Byzantine prince and general (died 1130/31)
- [1344](/source/1344) – [Marie of France, Duchess of Bar](/source/Marie_of_France,_Duchess_of_Bar) (died 1404)
- [1434](/source/1434) – [Eleanor of Portugal, Holy Roman Empress](/source/Eleanor_of_Portugal,_Holy_Roman_Empress) (died 1467)
- [1501](/source/1501) – [Henry Stafford, 1st Baron Stafford](/source/Henry_Stafford,_1st_Baron_Stafford) (died 1563)
- [1554](/source/1554) – [Haydar Mirza Safavi](/source/Haydar_Mirza_Safavi), Safavid prince (died 1576)
- [1587](/source/1587) – [Francesca Caccini](/source/Francesca_Caccini), Italian singer-songwriter and [lute](/source/Lute) player (died 1640)[52]

### 1601–1900

- [1606](/source/1606) – [Zhang Xianzhong](/source/Zhang_Xianzhong), Chinese rebel leader (died 1647)
- [1643](/source/1643) – [Gilbert Burnet](/source/Gilbert_Burnet), Scottish bishop, historian, and theologian (died 1715)[53]
- [1676](/source/1676) – [Eberhard Louis, Duke of Württemberg](/source/Eberhard_Louis,_Duke_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg) (died 1733)
- [1684](/source/1684) – [Johann Gottfried Walther](/source/Johann_Gottfried_Walther), German organist and composer (died 1748)
- [1709](/source/1709) – [Samuel Johnson](/source/Samuel_Johnson), English lexicographer and poet (died 1784)[54]
- [1711](/source/1711) – [Ignaz Holzbauer](/source/Ignaz_Holzbauer), Austrian composer and educator (died 1783)
- [1733](/source/1733) – [George Read](/source/George_Read_(U.S._statesman)), American lawyer and politician, 3rd [Governor of Delaware](/source/List_of_Governors_of_Delaware) (died 1798)
- [1750](/source/1750) – [Tomás de Iriarte y Oropesa](/source/Tom%C3%A1s_de_Iriarte_y_Oropesa), Spanish poet and playwright (died 1791)[55]
- [1752](/source/1752) – [Adrien-Marie Legendre](/source/Adrien-Marie_Legendre), French mathematician and theorist (died 1833)[56]
- [1765](/source/1765) – [Pope Gregory XVI](/source/Pope_Gregory_XVI) (died 1846)
- [1779](/source/1779) – [Joseph Story](/source/Joseph_Story), American lawyer, jurist, and politician (died 1845)
- [1786](/source/1786) – [Christian VIII of Denmark](/source/Christian_VIII_of_Denmark) (died 1848)[57]
- 1786 – [Justinus Kerner](/source/Justinus_Kerner), German poet and author (died 1862)
- [1812](/source/1812) – [Herschel Vespasian Johnson](/source/Herschel_Vespasian_Johnson), American lawyer and politician, 41st [Governor of Georgia](/source/Governor_of_Georgia) (died 1880)
- [1819](/source/1819) – [Léon Foucault](/source/L%C3%A9on_Foucault), French physicist and academic (died 1868)[58]
- [1837](/source/1837) – [Aires de Ornelas e Vasconcelos](/source/Aires_de_Ornelas_e_Vasconcelos), Portuguese archbishop (died 1880)
- [1838](/source/1838) – [Anton Mauve](/source/Anton_Mauve), Dutch painter and educator (died 1888)[59]
- [1844](/source/1844) – [Cassius Marcellus Coolidge](/source/Cassius_Marcellus_Coolidge), American artist (died 1934)[60]
- [1846](/source/1846) – [Richard With](/source/Richard_With), Norwegian captain, businessman, and politician, founded [Vesteraalens Dampskibsselskab](/source/Vesteraalens_Dampskibsselskab) (died 1930)
- [1848](/source/1848) – [Francis Grierson](/source/Francis_Grierson), English-American pianist and composer (died 1927)
- [1857](/source/1857) – [John Hessin Clarke](/source/John_Hessin_Clarke), American lawyer and judge (died 1945)
- [1858](/source/1858) – [Kate Booth](/source/Kate_Booth), English [Salvation Army](/source/Salvation_Army) officer (died 1955)
- [1859](/source/1859) – [John L. Bates](/source/John_L._Bates), American lawyer and politician, 41st [Governor of Massachusetts](/source/Governor_of_Massachusetts) (died 1946)
- 1859 – [Lincoln Loy McCandless](/source/Lincoln_Loy_McCandless), American businessman and politician (died 1940)
- [1860](/source/1860) – [Alberto Franchetti](/source/Alberto_Franchetti), Italian-American composer and educator (died 1942)
- [1870](/source/1870) – [Clark Wissler](/source/Clark_Wissler), American anthropologist, author, and educator (died 1947)
- [1872](/source/1872) – [Carl Friedberg](/source/Carl_Friedberg), German-Italian pianist and educator (died 1955)
- 1872 – [Adolf Schmal](/source/Adolf_Schmal), Austrian fencer and cyclist (died 1919)
- [1875](/source/1875) – [Tomás Burgos](/source/Tom%C3%A1s_Burgos), Chilean philanthropist (died 1945)
- [1876](/source/1876) – [James Scullin](/source/James_Scullin), Australian journalist and politician, 9th [Prime Minister of Australia](/source/Prime_Minister_of_Australia) (died 1953)
- [1878](/source/1878) – [James O. Richardson](/source/James_O._Richardson), American admiral (died 1974)
- [1883](/source/1883) – [Gerald Tyrwhitt-Wilson, 14th Baron Berners](/source/Gerald_Tyrwhitt-Wilson,_14th_Baron_Berners), English composer, painter, and author (died 1950)
- 1883 – [Andre Morize](/source/Andre_Morize), professor of French literature at [Harvard University](/source/Harvard_University) (died 1957)[61]
- [1885](/source/1885) – [Uzeyir Hajibeyov](/source/Uzeyir_Hajibeyov), Azerbaijani composer, conductor, and playwright (died 1948)
- [1886](/source/1886) – [Powel Crosley Jr.](/source/Powel_Crosley_Jr.), American entrepreneur (died 1961)[62]
- [1888](/source/1888) – [Grey Owl](/source/Grey_Owl), English-Canadian environmentalist and author (died 1938)
- 1888 – [Toni Wolff](/source/Toni_Wolff), Swiss psychologist and author (died 1953)
- [1889](/source/1889) – [Doris Blackburn](/source/Doris_Blackburn), Australian activist and politician (died 1970)
- 1889 – [Leslie Morshead](/source/Leslie_Morshead), Australian general, businessman, and educator (died 1959)
- [1891](/source/1891) – [Rafael Pérez y Pérez](/source/Rafael_P%C3%A9rez_y_P%C3%A9rez), Spanish author (died 1984)
- [1893](/source/1893) – [Arthur Benjamin](/source/Arthur_Benjamin), Australian pianist, composer, and conductor (died 1960)
- 1893 – [William March](/source/William_March), American soldier and author (died 1954)
- [1894](/source/1894) – [Fay Compton](/source/Fay_Compton), English actress (died 1978)[63]
- [1895](/source/1895) – [Jean Batmale](/source/Jean_Batmale), French footballer and manager (died 1973)
- 1895 – [John Diefenbaker](/source/John_Diefenbaker), Canadian lawyer and politician, 13th [Prime Minister of Canada](/source/Prime_Minister_of_Canada) (died 1979)
- 1895 – [Walter Koch](/source/Walter_Koch_(astrologer)), German astrologer and author (died 1970)
- [1897](/source/1897) – [Pablo Sorozábal](/source/Pablo_Soroz%C3%A1bal), Spanish composer and conductor (died 1988)
- [1900](/source/1900) – [Willis Laurence James](/source/Willis_Laurence_James), American violinist and educator (died 1966)
- 1900 – [Seewoosagur Ramgoolam](/source/Seewoosagur_Ramgoolam), Mauritian philanthropist and politician, 1st [Prime Minister of Mauritius](/source/Prime_Minister_of_Mauritius) (died 1985)

### 1901–present

- [1901](/source/1901) – [Harold Clurman](/source/Harold_Clurman), American director and producer (died 1980)
- [1904](/source/1904) – [Bun Cook](/source/Bun_Cook), Canadian ice hockey player and coach (died 1988)
- 1904 – [David Eccles, 1st Viscount Eccles](/source/David_Eccles,_1st_Viscount_Eccles), English businessman and politician, [Secretary of State for Education](/source/Secretary_of_State_for_Education) (died 1999)[64]
- [1905](/source/1905) – [Eddie "Rochester" Anderson](/source/Eddie_%22Rochester%22_Anderson), American actor (died 1977)
- 1905 – [Agnes de Mille](/source/Agnes_de_Mille), American dancer and choreographer (died 1993)
- 1905 – [Greta Garbo](/source/Greta_Garbo), Swedish-American actress (died 1990)[65]
- [1906](/source/1906) – [Kaka Hathrasi](/source/Kaka_Hathrasi), Indian poet and author (died 1995)[66]
- 1906 – [Maurice Maillot](/source/Maurice_Maillot), French actor (died 1968)
- 1906 – [Julio Rosales](/source/Julio_Rosales), Filipino cardinal (died 1983)[67]
- [1907](/source/1907) – [Leon Askin](/source/Leon_Askin), Austrian actor (died 2005)
- 1907 – [Edwin McMillan](/source/Edwin_McMillan), American physicist and chemist, [Nobel Prize](/source/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry) laureate (died 1991)
- [1908](/source/1908) – [Victor Ambartsumian](/source/Victor_Ambartsumian), Georgian-Armenian astrophysicist, astronomer, and academic (died 1996)
- [1910](/source/1910) – [Josef Tal](/source/Josef_Tal), Israeli pianist and composer (died 2008)[68]
- 1910 – [Joseph F. Enright](/source/Joseph_F._Enright), American submarine captain in the [United States Navy](/source/United_States_Navy)[69]
- [1911](/source/1911) – [Syd Howe](/source/Syd_Howe), Canadian ice hockey player (died 1976)
- [1912](/source/1912) – [María de la Cruz](/source/Mar%C3%ADa_de_la_Cruz), Chilean journalist and activist (died 1995)
- [1914](/source/1914) – [Jack Cardiff](/source/Jack_Cardiff), English director, cinematographer, and photographer (died 2009)[70]
- [1916](/source/1916) – [Rossano Brazzi](/source/Rossano_Brazzi), Italian actor (died 1994)[71]
- 1916 – [John Jacob Rhodes](/source/John_Jacob_Rhodes), American lawyer and politician (died 2003)
- [1917](/source/1917) – [June Foray](/source/June_Foray), American actress and voice artist (died 2017)
- 1917 – [Phil Taylor](/source/Phil_Taylor_(footballer,_born_1917)), English footballer and manager (died 2012)
- 1917 – [Francis Parker Yockey](/source/Francis_Parker_Yockey), American lawyer and philosopher (died 1960)[72]
- [1918](/source/1918) – [Johnny Mantz](/source/Johnny_Mantz), American race car driver (died 1972)
- 1918 – [Henry Wittenberg](/source/Henry_Wittenberg), American wrestler (died 2010)[73]
- [1920](/source/1920) – [Jack Warden](/source/Jack_Warden), American actor (died 2006)
- [1922](/source/1922) – [Hank Bagby](/source/Hank_Bagby), American saxophonist (died 1993)[74]
- [1923](/source/1923) – [Queen Anne of Romania](/source/Queen_Anne_of_Romania) (died 2016)[75]
- 1923 – [Al Quie](/source/Al_Quie), American politician, 35th [Governor of Minnesota](/source/Governor_of_Minnesota) (died 2023)[76]
- 1923 – [Bertha Wilson](/source/Bertha_Wilson), Scottish-Canadian lawyer and jurist, 60th [Puisne Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada](/source/List_of_Justices_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_Canada) (died 2007)
- [1924](/source/1924) – [J. D. Tippit](/source/J._D._Tippit), American police officer (died 1963)
- 1924 – [Eloísa Mafalda](/source/Elo%C3%ADsa_Mafalda), Brazilian actress (died 2018)
- [1925](/source/1925) – [Dorothy Wedderburn](/source/Dorothy_Wedderburn), English economist and academic (died 2012)
- [1926](/source/1926) – [Bud Greenspan](/source/Bud_Greenspan), American director, producer, and screenwriter (died 2010)[77]
- 1926 – [Joe Kubert](/source/Joe_Kubert), American author and illustrator, founded [The Kubert School](/source/The_Kubert_School) (died 2012)[78]
- [1927](/source/1927) – [Phyllis Kirk](/source/Phyllis_Kirk), American actress (died 2006)
- 1927 – [Muriel Turner, Baroness Turner of Camden](/source/Muriel_Turner,_Baroness_Turner_of_Camden), English politician (died 2018)
- [1929](/source/1929) – [Nancy Littlefield](/source/Nancy_Littlefield), American director and producer (died 2007)
- [1930](/source/1930) – [John Tolos](/source/John_Tolos), Greek-Canadian wrestler (died 2009)
- [1931](/source/1931) – [Julio Grondona](/source/Julio_Grondona), Argentinian businessman (died 2014)
- [1932](/source/1932) – [Nikolay Rukavishnikov](/source/Nikolay_Rukavishnikov), Russian physicist and astronaut (died 2002)
- [1933](/source/1933) – [Bob Bennett](/source/Bob_Bennett_(politician)), American soldier and politician (died 2016)
- 1933 – [Robert Blake](/source/Robert_Blake_(actor)), American actor, producer, and screenwriter (died 2023)[79]
- 1933 – [Scotty Bowman](/source/Scotty_Bowman), Canadian ice hockey player and coach
- 1933 – [Leonid Kharitonov](/source/Leonid_Kharitonov_(singer)), Russian actor and singer (died 2017)
- 1933 – [Charles Roach](/source/Charles_Roach), Trinidadian-Canadian lawyer and activist (died 2012)
- 1933 – [Jimmie Rodgers](/source/Jimmie_Rodgers_(pop_singer)), American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2021)
- 1933 – [Fred Willard](/source/Fred_Willard), American actor and comedian (died 2020)[80]
- [1935](/source/1935) – [Peter Clarke](/source/Peter_Clarke_(cartoonist)), English cartoonist (died 2012)
- 1935 – [John Spencer](/source/John_Spencer_(snooker_player)), English snooker player and sportscaster (died 2006)
- [1936](/source/1936) – [Big Tom](/source/Big_Tom), Irish singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2018)
- [1937](/source/1937) – [Ralph Backstrom](/source/Ralph_Backstrom), Canadian ice hockey player and coach (died 2021)[81]
- 1937 – [Ivy Matsepe-Casaburri](/source/Ivy_Matsepe-Casaburri), South African politician (died 2009)[82]
- [1938](/source/1938) – [Billy Robinson](/source/Billy_Robinson), English-American wrestler and trainer (died 2014)
- [1939](/source/1939) – [Gerry Harvey](/source/Gerry_Harvey), Australian businessman, co-founded [Harvey Norman](/source/Harvey_Norman)
- 1939 – [Jorge Sampaio](/source/Jorge_Sampaio), Portuguese lawyer and politician, 18th [President of Portugal](/source/President_of_Portugal) (died 2021)
- [1940](/source/1940) – [Frankie Avalon](/source/Frankie_Avalon), American singer and actor[79]
- [1942](/source/1942) – [Şenes Erzik](/source/%C5%9Eenes_Erzik), Turkish businessman
- [1944](/source/1944) – [Rocío Jurado](/source/Roc%C3%ADo_Jurado), Spanish singer and actress (died 2006)
- 1944 – [Charles L. Veach](/source/Charles_L._Veach), American colonel, pilot, and astronaut (died 1995)
- [1945](/source/1945) – [P. F. Sloan](/source/P._F._Sloan), American singer-songwriter and producer (died 2015)
- 1945 – [John McAfee](/source/John_McAfee), British-American computer programmer and businessman, founded [McAfee](/source/McAfee) (died 2021)[83]
- [1946](/source/1946) – [Benjamín Brea](/source/Benjam%C3%ADn_Brea), Spanish-Venezuelan saxophonist, clarinet player, and conductor (died 2014)
- 1946 – [Nicholas Clay](/source/Nicholas_Clay), English actor (died 2000)
- 1946 – [Kelvin Coe](/source/Kelvin_Coe), Australian ballet dancer (died 1992)
- 1946 – [Gailard Sartain](/source/Gailard_Sartain), American actor (died 2025)[84]
- [1947](/source/1947) – [Drew Gilpin Faust](/source/Drew_Gilpin_Faust), American historian and academic[85]
- 1947 – [Giancarlo Minardi](/source/Giancarlo_Minardi), Italian businessman, founded the [Minardi Racing Team](/source/Minardi)
- [1948](/source/1948) – [Lynn Abbey](/source/Lynn_Abbey), American computer programmer and author
- [1949](/source/1949) – [Beth Grant](/source/Beth_Grant), American actress[79]
- 1949 – [Kerry Livgren](/source/Kerry_Livgren), American guitarist and songwriter[79]
- 1949 – [Mo Mowlam](/source/Mo_Mowlam), English academic and politician, [Minister for the Cabinet Office](/source/Minister_for_the_Cabinet_Office) (died 2005)
- 1949 – [Peter Shilton](/source/Peter_Shilton), English footballer and manager
- [1950](/source/1950) – [Siobhan Davies](/source/Siobhan_Davies), English dancer and choreographer
- 1950 – [Vishnuvardhan](/source/Vishnuvardhan_(actor)), Indian actor (died 2009)
- 1950 – [Chris Heister](/source/Chris_Heister), Swedish politician, [Governor of Stockholm County](/source/Governor_of_Stockholm_County)
- 1950 – [Darryl Sittler](/source/Darryl_Sittler), Canadian ice hockey player
- 1950 – [Anna Deavere Smith](/source/Anna_Deavere_Smith), American actress and playwright[79]
- [1951](/source/1951) – [Ben Carson](/source/Ben_Carson), American neurosurgeon, author, and politician[77]
- 1951 – [Dee Dee Ramone](/source/Dee_Dee_Ramone), American singer-songwriter and bass player (died 2002)[77]
- 1951 – [Marc Surer](/source/Marc_Surer), Swiss racing driver and sportscaster
- [1952](/source/1952) – [Giorgos Dimitrakopoulos](/source/Giorgos_Dimitrakopoulos), Greek politician
- 1952 – [Rick Pitino](/source/Rick_Pitino), American basketball player and coach[77]
- [1954](/source/1954) – [Murtaza Bhutto](/source/Murtaza_Bhutto), Pakistani politician (died 1996)
- 1954 – [Takao Doi](/source/Takao_Doi), Japanese engineer and astronaut[86]
- 1954 – [Dennis Johnson](/source/Dennis_Johnson), American basketball player and coach (died 2007)
- 1954 – [Steven Pinker](/source/Steven_Pinker), Canadian-American psychologist, linguist, and author
- 1954 – [Tommy Tuberville](/source/Tommy_Tuberville), American football player, coach, and Senator
- [1955](/source/1955) – [Keith Morris](/source/Keith_Morris), American singer-songwriter
- [1956](/source/1956) – [Chris Hedges](/source/Chris_Hedges), American journalist and author[77]
- 1956 – [Peter Šťastný](/source/Peter_%C5%A0%C5%A5astn%C3%BD), Slovak ice hockey player and politician
- 1956 – [Anant Gadgil](/source/Anant_Gadgil), Indian politician[87]
- [1958](/source/1958) – [John Aldridge](/source/John_Aldridge), English-Irish footballer and manager
- 1958 – [Jeff Bostic](/source/Jeff_Bostic), American football player and commentator[88]
- 1958 – [Winston Davis](/source/Winston_Davis), Vincentian cricketer
- 1958 – [Derek Pringle](/source/Derek_Pringle), Kenyan-English cricketer and journalist
- [1959](/source/1959) – [Mark Romanek](/source/Mark_Romanek), American director and screenwriter[79]
- 1959 – [Ryne Sandberg](/source/Ryne_Sandberg), American baseball player, coach, and manager (died 2025)[77]
- [1960](/source/1960) – [Stephen Flaherty](/source/Stephen_Flaherty), American composer
- 1960 – [Carolyn Harris](/source/Carolyn_Harris_(politician)), British politician
- 1960 – [Ian Lucas](/source/Ian_Lucas), English lawyer and politician
- 1960 – [Blue Panther](/source/Blue_Panther), Mexican wrestler
- [1961](/source/1961) – [James Gandolfini](/source/James_Gandolfini), American actor and producer (died 2013)[77]
- 1961 – [Konstantin Kakanias](/source/Konstantin_Kakanias), Greek-American painter and illustrator
- 1961 – [Mark Olson](/source/Mark_Olson_(musician)), American singer-songwriter and guitarist[79]
- [1962](/source/1962) – [Joanne Catherall](/source/Joanne_Catherall), English singer[79]
- 1962 – [John Fashanu](/source/John_Fashanu), English footballer
- [1964](/source/1964) – [Jens Henschel](/source/Jens_Henschel), German footballer
- 1964 – [Marco Masini](/source/Marco_Masini), Italian singer-songwriter
- 1964 – [Holly Robinson Peete](/source/Holly_Robinson_Peete), American actress and singer[79]
- 1964 – [Steffen Peters](/source/Steffen_Peters), German-American equestrian[89]
- [1966](/source/1966) – [Tom Chorske](/source/Tom_Chorske), American ice hockey player and sportscaster
- [1967](/source/1967) – [Tara Fitzgerald](/source/Tara_Fitzgerald), English actress
- [1968](/source/1968) – [Toni Kukoč](/source/Toni_Kuko%C4%8D), Croatian basketball player
- 1968 – [Upendra Rao](/source/Upendra_Rao), Indian actor, director, and politician
- [1969](/source/1969) – [Brad Beven](/source/Brad_Beven), Australian triathlete
- 1969 – [Cappadonna](/source/Cappadonna), American rapper
- [1970](/source/1970) – [Darren Gough](/source/Darren_Gough), English cricketer
- 1970 – [Aisha Tyler](/source/Aisha_Tyler), American actress, television host, and author[79]
- [1971](/source/1971) – [Lance Armstrong](/source/Lance_Armstrong), American cyclist[90]
- 1971 – [Anna Netrebko](/source/Anna_Netrebko), Russian-Austrian soprano and actress
- 1971 – [Jada Pinkett Smith](/source/Jada_Pinkett_Smith), American actress[91]
- [1972](/source/1972) – [Brigitte Becue](/source/Brigitte_Becue), Belgian swimmer[92]
- 1972 – [Adam Cohen](/source/Adam_Cohen_(musician)), Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1972 – [David Jefferies](/source/David_Jefferies), English motorcycle racer (died 2003)
- 1972 – [Iain Stewart](/source/Iain_Stewart_(politician)), Scottish accountant and politician
- [1973](/source/1973) – [Paul Brousseau](/source/Paul_Brousseau), Canadian ice hockey player
- 1973 – [Mário Jardel](/source/M%C3%A1rio_Jardel), Brazilian footballer
- 1973 – [Aitor Karanka](/source/Aitor_Karanka), Spanish footballer and manager
- 1973 – [James Marsden](/source/James_Marsden), American actor[79]
- 1973 – [Louise Sauvage](/source/Louise_Sauvage), Australian wheelchair racer[93]
- 1973 – [Mark Shuttleworth](/source/Mark_Shuttleworth), South African-English businessman[94]
- [1974](/source/1974) – [Sol Campbell](/source/Sol_Campbell), English footballer and politician
- 1974 – [Damon Jones](/source/Damon_Jones_(American_football)), American football player and coach
- 1974 – [Ticha Penicheiro](/source/Ticha_Penicheiro), Portuguese-American basketball player and agent
- 1974 – [Emily Rutherfurd](/source/Emily_Rutherfurd), American actress[79]
- 1974 – [Travis Schuldt](/source/Travis_Schuldt), American actor[79]
- 1974 – [Xzibit](/source/Xzibit), American rapper, actor, and television host[77]
- [1975](/source/1975) – [Kanstantsin Lukashyk](/source/Kanstantsin_Lukashyk), Belarusian target shooter
- 1975 – [Jason Sudeikis](/source/Jason_Sudeikis), American actor and comedian[79]
- 1975 – [Guillermo Vargas](/source/Guillermo_Vargas), Costa Rican photographer and painter
- [1976](/source/1976) – [Sophina Brown](/source/Sophina_Brown), American actress[79]
- 1976 – [Gabriel Gervais](/source/Gabriel_Gervais), Canadian soccer player
- 1976 – [Ronaldo](/source/Ronaldo_(Brazilian_footballer)), Brazilian footballer
- [1977](/source/1977) – [Barrett Foa](/source/Barrett_Foa), American actor, singer, and dancer[79]
- 1977 – [Kieran West](/source/Kieran_West), English rower
- [1978](/source/1978) – [Billy Eichner](/source/Billy_Eichner), American actor and comedian[79]
- 1978 – [Iain Lees-Galloway](/source/Iain_Lees-Galloway), New Zealand politician[95]
- 1978 – [Augustine Simo](/source/Augustine_Simo), Cameroonian footballer
- [1979](/source/1979) – [Daniel Aranzubia](/source/Daniel_Aranzubia), Spanish footballer
- 1979 – [Robert Pruett](/source/Robert_Lynn_Pruett), American criminal (died 2017)
- [1980](/source/1980) – [Mickey Higham](/source/Mickey_Higham), English rugby league player
- 1980 – [Avi Strool](/source/Avi_Strool), Israeli footballer
- 1980 – [Petri Virtanen](/source/Petri_Virtanen), Finnish basketball player
- [1981](/source/1981) – [Elke Hanel-Torsch](/source/Elke_Hanel-Torsch), Austrian politician[96]
- 1981 – [Lasse Kukkonen](/source/Lasse_Kukkonen), Finnish ice hockey player[97]
- 1981 – [Jennifer Tisdale](/source/Jennifer_Tisdale), American actress and singer
- 1981 – [Kristaps Valters](/source/Kristaps_Valters), Latvian basketball player[98]
- 1981 – [Han Ye-seul](/source/Han_Ye-seul), South Korean actress
- [1982](/source/1982) – [Peter Budaj](/source/Peter_Budaj), Slovak ice hockey player[99]
- 1982 – [Alessandro Cibocchi](/source/Alessandro_Cibocchi), Italian footballer
- 1982 – [Arvydas Eitutavičius](/source/Arvydas_Eitutavi%C4%8Dius), Lithuanian basketball player
- 1982 – [Leono](/source/Leono), Mexican wrestler
- 1982 – [Alfredo Talavera](/source/Alfredo_Talavera), Mexican footballer[100]
- [1984](/source/1984) – [Anthony Gonzalez](/source/Anthony_Gonzalez_(politician)), American football player and politician[101]
- 1984 – [Travis Outlaw](/source/Travis_Outlaw), American basketball player[102]
- 1984 – [Dizzee Rascal](/source/Dizzee_Rascal), British hip hop musician[103]
- [1985](/source/1985) – [Mirza Teletović](/source/Mirza_Teletovi%C4%87), Bosnian basketball player[104]
- [1987](/source/1987) – [Marwin Hitz](/source/Marwin_Hitz), Swiss footballer[105]
- 1987 – [Seiko Oomori](/source/Seiko_Oomori), Japanese singer-songwriter[106]
- [1989](/source/1989) – [Serge Ibaka](/source/Serge_Ibaka), Congolese-Spanish basketball player
- [1990](/source/1990) – [Lewis Holtby](/source/Lewis_Holtby), German footballer
- [1993](/source/1993) – [Patrick Schwarzenegger](/source/Patrick_Schwarzenegger), American-Austrian actor and model[79]
- [1995](/source/1995) – [Max Meyer](/source/Max_Meyer_(footballer)), German footballer[107]
- 1995 – [Matt Targett](/source/Matt_Targett), English footballer[108]
- [1997](/source/1997) – [Viktor Hovland](/source/Viktor_Hovland), Norwegian professional golfer[109]
- [1998](/source/1998) – [Christian Pulisic](/source/Christian_Pulisic), American soccer player[110]
- 1998 – [Conor Timmins](/source/Conor_Timmins), Canadian ice hockey player[111]
- [2002](/source/2002) – [Hugo Bueno](/source/Hugo_Bueno_(footballer,_born_2002)), Spanish footballer[112]
- [2003](/source/2003) – [Aidan Gallagher](/source/Aidan_Gallagher), American actor and musician[77]
- [2004](/source/2004) – [Santiago Castro](/source/Santiago_Castro_(footballer,_born_2004)), Argentine footballer[113]
- [2008](/source/2008) – [Jackson Robert Scott](/source/Jackson_Robert_Scott), American actor[77]

## Deaths

### Pre-1600

- [96](/source/AD_96) – [Domitian](/source/Domitian), Roman emperor (born AD 51)
- [411](/source/AD_411) – [Constantine III](/source/Constantine_III_(Western_Roman_emperor)), Roman usurper
- [869](/source/869) – [Wenilo](/source/Wenilo_(archbishop_of_Rouen)), Frankish archbishop
- [887](/source/887) – [Pietro I Candiano](/source/Pietro_I_Candiano), doge of Venice (born 842)
- [893](/source/893) – [Zhang Xiong](/source/Zhang_Xiong), Chinese warlord
- [958](/source/958) – [Liu Sheng](/source/Liu_Sheng_(Southern_Han)), Chinese emperor (born 920)
- [1137](/source/1137) – [Eric II](/source/Eric_II_of_Denmark), king of Denmark
- [1180](/source/1180) – [Louis VII](/source/Louis_VII_of_France), king of France (born 1120)
- [1261](/source/1261) – [Konrad von Hochstaden](/source/Konrad_von_Hochstaden), archbishop of Cologne
- [1302](/source/1302) – [Eudokia Palaiologina](/source/Eudokia_Palaiologina), empress of Trebizond (born c. 1265)
- [1345](/source/1345) – [Andrew, Duke of Calabria](/source/Andrew,_Duke_of_Calabria) (born 1327)
- [1361](/source/1361) – [Louis V](/source/Louis_V,_Duke_of_Bavaria), duke of Bavaria (born 1315)
- [1385](/source/1385) – [Balša II](/source/Bal%C5%A1a_II), ruler of Zeta
- [1443](/source/1443) – [Lewis of Luxembourg](/source/Lewis_of_Luxembourg), archbishop of Rouen
- [1598](/source/1598) – [Toyotomi Hideyoshi](/source/Toyotomi_Hideyoshi), Japanese daimyō (born 1536)

### 1601–1900

- [1630](/source/1630) – [Melchior Klesl](/source/Melchior_Klesl), Austrian cardinal (born 1552)
- [1675](/source/1675) – [Charles IV, Duke of Lorraine](/source/Charles_IV,_Duke_of_Lorraine) (born 1604)[114]
- [1721](/source/1721) – [Matthew Prior](/source/Matthew_Prior), English poet, politician, and diplomat, [British Ambassador to France](/source/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_Kingdom_to_France) (born 1664)
- [1722](/source/1722) – [André Dacier](/source/Andr%C3%A9_Dacier), French scholar and academic (born 1651)
- [1783](/source/1783) – [Leonhard Euler](/source/Leonhard_Euler), Swiss mathematician and physicist (born 1707)
- 1783 – [Benjamin Kennicott](/source/Benjamin_Kennicott), English theologian and scholar (born 1718)
- [1792](/source/1792) – [August Gottlieb Spangenberg](/source/August_Gottlieb_Spangenberg), German bishop and theologian (born 1704)
- [1812](/source/1812) – [Safranbolulu Izzet Mehmet Pasha](/source/Safranbolulu_Izzet_Mehmet_Pasha), Ottoman politician, 186th [Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire](/source/List_of_Ottoman_Grand_Viziers) (born 1743)
- [1830](/source/1830) – [William Hazlitt](/source/William_Hazlitt), English philosopher, painter, and critic (born 1778)
- [1857](/source/1857) – [Karol Kurpiński](/source/Karol_Kurpi%C5%84ski), Polish composer and conductor (born 1785)
- [1860](/source/1860) – [Joseph Locke](/source/Joseph_Locke), English engineer and politician (born 1805)
- [1862](/source/1862) – [Joseph K. Mansfield](/source/Joseph_K._Mansfield), American general (born 1803)[115]
- [1872](/source/1872) – [Charles XV of Sweden](/source/Charles_XV_of_Sweden) (born 1826)
- [1881](/source/1881) – [Joseph Higginson](/source/Joseph_Higginson), The last surviving veteran of the Invasion of Java in 1811 (born 1792)[116]
- [1890](/source/1890) – [Dion Boucicault](/source/Dion_Boucicault), Irish-American actor and playwright (born 1820)
- [1896](/source/1896) – [Hippolyte Fizeau](/source/Hippolyte_Fizeau), French physicist and academic (born 1819)

### 1901–present

- [1905](/source/1905) – [George MacDonald](/source/George_MacDonald), Scottish minister, author, and poet (born 1824)
- [1909](/source/1909) – [Grigore Tocilescu](/source/Grigore_Tocilescu), Romanian archaeologist and historian (born 1850)
- [1911](/source/1911) – [Pyotr Stolypin](/source/Pyotr_Stolypin), Russian lawyer and politician, 3rd [Prime Minister of Russia](/source/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Russia) (born 1862)
- [1915](/source/1915) – [Susan La Flesche Picotte](/source/Susan_La_Flesche_Picotte), doctor, teacher, and social reformer, first [Native American](/source/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States) to earn a medical degree (born 1865)
- [1924](/source/1924) – [F. H. Bradley](/source/F._H._Bradley), English philosopher and author (born 1846)
- [1939](/source/1939) – [Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz](/source/Stanis%C5%82aw_Ignacy_Witkiewicz), Polish author, painter, and photographer (born 1885)
- [1941](/source/1941) – [Fred Karno](/source/Fred_Karno), English actor and screenwriter (born 1866)
- [1944](/source/1944) – [Robert G. Cole](/source/Robert_G._Cole), American colonel, [Medal of Honor](/source/Medal_of_Honor) recipient (born 1915)
- [1945](/source/1945) – [Volin](/source/Volin), Russian anarchist intellectual (born 1882)[117]
- [1949](/source/1949) – [Frank Morgan](/source/Frank_Morgan), American actor (born 1890)
- [1951](/source/1951) – [Gelett Burgess](/source/Gelett_Burgess), American author and poet (born 1866)
- [1952](/source/1952) – [Frances Alda](/source/Frances_Alda), New Zealand-Australian soprano and actress (born 1879)
- [1953](/source/1953) – [Charles de Tornaco](/source/Charles_de_Tornaco), Belgian racing driver (born 1927)
- [1956](/source/1956) – [Adélard Godbout](/source/Ad%C3%A9lard_Godbout), Canadian agronomist and politician, 15th [Premier of Quebec](/source/List_of_Quebec_premiers) (born 1892)
- [1958](/source/1958) – [Olaf Gulbransson](/source/Olaf_Gulbransson), Norwegian painter and illustrator (born 1873)
- [1959](/source/1959) – [Benjamin Péret](/source/Benjamin_P%C3%A9ret), French poet and journalist (born 1899)
- [1961](/source/1961) – [Dag Hammarskjöld](/source/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld), Swedish economist and diplomat, 2nd [Secretary-General of the United Nations](/source/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations), [Nobel Prize](/source/Nobel_Peace_Prize) laureate (born 1905)
- [1962](/source/1962) – [Therese Neumann](/source/Therese_Neumann), [German mystic](/source/German_mystic) (born 1898)
- [1964](/source/1964) – [Seán O'Casey](/source/Se%C3%A1n_O'Casey), Irish dramatist and memoirist (born 1880)
- [1967](/source/1967) – [John Cockcroft](/source/John_Cockcroft), English physicist and academic, [Nobel Prize](/source/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics) laureate (born 1897)
- [1968](/source/1968) – [Franchot Tone](/source/Franchot_Tone), American actor, singer, and producer (born 1905)
- [1970](/source/1970) – [Jimi Hendrix](/source/Jimi_Hendrix), American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (born 1942)
- [1974](/source/1974) – [Amanat Ali Khan](/source/Amanat_Ali_Khan), Pakistani classical singer (born 1922)
- [1975](/source/1975) – [Fairfield Porter](/source/Fairfield_Porter), American painter and critic (born 1907)
- [1977](/source/1977) – [Paul Bernays](/source/Paul_Bernays), English-Swiss mathematician and philosopher (born 1888)
- [1980](/source/1980) – [Katherine Anne Porter](/source/Katherine_Anne_Porter), American short story writer, novelist, and essayist (born 1890)
- [1987](/source/1987) – [Américo Tomás](/source/Am%C3%A9rico_Tom%C3%A1s), Portuguese admiral and politician, 14th [President of Portugal](/source/President_of_Portugal) (born 1894)
- [1988](/source/1988) – [Alan Watt](/source/Alan_Watt_(diplomat)), Australian public servant and diplomat, [Australian Ambassador to Japan](/source/List_of_Australian_Ambassadors_to_Japan) (born 1901)
- [1992](/source/1992) – [Mohammad Hidayatullah](/source/Mohammad_Hidayatullah), Indian lawyer, judge, and politician, 6th [Vice President of India](/source/Vice_President_of_India) (born 1905)
- [1997](/source/1997) – [Jimmy Witherspoon](/source/Jimmy_Witherspoon), American singer (born 1920)
- [1998](/source/1998) – [Charlie Foxx](/source/Charlie_Foxx), American singer and guitarist ([Inez and Charlie Foxx](/source/Inez_and_Charlie_Foxx)) (born 1939)
- [2001](/source/2001) – [Ernie Coombs](/source/Ernie_Coombs), American-Canadian television host (born 1927)
- [2002](/source/2002) – [Bob Hayes](/source/Bob_Hayes), American sprinter and football player (born 1942)
- 2002 – [Mauro Ramos](/source/Mauro_Ramos), Brazilian footballer and manager (born 1930)
- 2002 – [Margita Stefanović](/source/Margita_Stefanovi%C4%87), Serbian keyboard player (born 1959)
- [2003](/source/2003) – [Emil Fackenheim](/source/Emil_Fackenheim), German rabbi and philosopher (born 1916)
- 2003 – [Bob Mitchell](/source/Bob_Mitchell_(British_politician)), English educator and politician (born 1927)
- [2004](/source/2004) – [Norman Cantor](/source/Norman_Cantor), Canadian-American historian and educator (born 1929)
- 2004 – [Russ Meyer](/source/Russ_Meyer), American director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1922)
- [2005](/source/2005) – [Michael Park](/source/Michael_Park_(co-driver)), English racing driver (born 1966)
- 2005 – [Clint C. Wilson, Sr.](/source/Clint_C._Wilson,_Sr.), American cartoonist (born 1914)
- [2006](/source/2006) – [Edward J. King](/source/Edward_J._King), American football player, lawyer, and politician, 66th [Governor of Massachusetts](/source/Governor_of_Massachusetts) (born 1925)
- [2007](/source/2007) – [Pepsi Tate](/source/Pepsi_Tate), Welsh bass player and producer (born 1965)
- [2008](/source/2008) – [Leo de Berardinis](/source/Leo_de_Berardinis), Italian actor and director (born 1940)
- 2008 – [Mauricio Kagel](/source/Mauricio_Kagel), Argentinian-German composer and educator (born 1931)
- 2008 – [Ron Lancaster](/source/Ron_Lancaster), American-Canadian football player and coach (born 1938)
- [2011](/source/2011) – [Jamey Rodemeyer](/source/Suicide_of_Jamey_Rodemeyer), American teenage [activist](/source/Activist) (born 1997)
- [2012](/source/2012) – [Santiago Carrillo](/source/Santiago_Carrillo), Spanish theorist and politician (born 1915)
- 2012 – [Haim Hefer](/source/Haim_Hefer), Polish-Israeli songwriter and poet (born 1925)
- 2012 – [Jack Kralick](/source/Jack_Kralick), American baseball player (born 1935)
- 2012 – [Steve Sabol](/source/Steve_Sabol), American director and producer, co-founded [NFL Films](/source/NFL_Films) (born 1942)
- [2013](/source/2013) – [Veliyam Bharghavan](/source/Veliyam_Bharghavan), Indian politician (born 1928)
- 2013 – [Lindsay Cooper](/source/Lindsay_Cooper), English composer, bassoon and oboe player (born 1951)[118]
- 2013 – [Arthur Lamothe](/source/Arthur_Lamothe), French-Canadian director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1928)
- 2013 – [Ken Norton](/source/Ken_Norton), American boxer (born 1943)
- 2013 – [Marcel Reich-Ranicki](/source/Marcel_Reich-Ranicki), Polish-German author and critic (born 1920)
- 2013 – [Richard C. Sarafian](/source/Richard_C._Sarafian), American actor, director, and screenwriter (born 1930)
- [2014](/source/2014) – [Milan Marcetta](/source/Milan_Marcetta), Canadian ice hockey player (born 1936)
- 2014 – [Earl Ross](/source/Earl_Ross), Canadian racing driver (born 1941)
- 2014 – [Hirofumi Uzawa](/source/Hirofumi_Uzawa), Japanese economist and academic (born 1928)
- 2014 – [Kenny Wheeler](/source/Kenny_Wheeler), Canadian-English trumpet player and composer (born 1930)
- [2015](/source/2015) – [Eduardo Bonvallet](/source/Eduardo_Bonvallet), Chilean footballer and manager (born 1955)
- 2015 – [James R. Houck](/source/James_R._Houck), American astrophysicist and academic (born 1940)
- 2015 – [Mario Benjamín Menéndez](/source/Mario_Benjam%C3%ADn_Men%C3%A9ndez), Argentinian general and politician (born 1930)
- [2017](/source/2017) – [Afzal Ahsan Randhawa](/source/Afzal_Ahsan_Randhawa), Pakistani writer, poet, translator and playwright (born 1937)
- [2020](/source/2020) – [Ruth Bader Ginsburg](/source/Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg), United States [Supreme Court](/source/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States) justice (born 1933)[119]
- [2021](/source/2021) – [Jolidee Matongo](/source/Jolidee_Matongo), South African politician, 97th [Mayor of Johannesburg](/source/Mayor_of_Johannesburg) (born 1975)[120]
- 2021 – [Chris Anker Sørensen](/source/Chris_Anker_S%C3%B8rensen), Danish road bicycle racer (born 1984)[121]
- [2023](/source/2023) – [Brereton C. Jones](/source/Brereton_C._Jones), American politician, 58th [Governor of Kentucky](/source/Governor_of_Kentucky) (born 1939)[122]
- [2024](/source/2024) – [Kesaria Abramidze](/source/Kesaria_Abramidze), Georgian blogger, actress and model (born 1987)[123]
- 2024 – [Nick Gravenites](/source/Nick_Gravenites), American singer-songwriter (born 1938)[124]
- 2024 – [Salvatore Schillaci](/source/Salvatore_Schillaci), Italian footballer (born 1964)[125]

## Holidays and observances

- Christian [feast day](/source/Feast_day): - [Constantius (Theban Legion)](/source/Constantius_(Theban_Legion)) - [Edward Bouverie Pusey](/source/Edward_Bouverie_Pusey) ([Episcopal Church](/source/Calendar_of_saints_(Episcopal_Church))) - [Eustorgius I](/source/Eustorgius_I) - [Joseph of Cupertino](/source/Joseph_of_Cupertino) - [Juan Macias](/source/John_Macias) - [Methodius of Olympus](/source/Methodius_of_Olympus) - [Richardis](/source/Richardis) - [September 18 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)](/source/September_18_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics))
- [Day of National Music](/source/National_Music_Day_in_Azerbaijan) ([Azerbaijan](/source/Azerbaijan))
- [Island Language Day](/source/Ryukyuan_languages#Status) ([Okinawa Prefecture](/source/Okinawa_Prefecture), Japan)
- [National Day](/source/Fiestas_Patrias_(Chile)) or *Dieciocho* ([Chile](/source/Chile))
- [National HIV/AIDS and Aging Awareness Day](/source/AIDS.gov#External_links) ([United States](/source/United_States))
- [Navy Day](/source/Navy_Day) ([Croatia](/source/Croatia))
- [World Water Monitoring Day](/source/World_Water_Monitoring_Day)

## References

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1. Carol Humphrey Vivian Sutherland (1966). [*The Roman Imperial Coinage: Constantine and Licinius: A.D. 313–337, by P. M. Bruun*](https://books.google.com/books?id=-irTAAAAMAAJ). Spink. p. 25. ISBN 9780900696855.

1. Beihammer, Alexander Daniel (2017). [*Byzantium and the Emergence of Muslim-Turkish Anatolia, ca. 1040–1130*](https://books.google.com/books?id=HyYlDwAAQBAJ). Taylor & Francis. pp. 77–79. ISBN 978-1-351-98386-0.

1. John Child & David Taylor (1991). [*Understanding History*](https://books.google.com/books?id=Q2acYjrx3rEC&pg=PA75). Heinemann. p. 75. ISBN 978-0-435-31210-7.

1. Larking, Lambert Blackwell (1861), ["Charter of Philip Augustus, King of France 1180, From the Surrenden Collection"](https://kentarchaeology.org.uk/node/9399), *Archaeologia Cantiana*. **4**: 129, Kent Archaeological Society[dead link]

1. Barría González, Juan (1994). ["Juan Bautista Pastene: Primer almirande del mar chileno"](https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://revistamarina.cl/revistas/1994/6/barria.pdf). *[Revista de Marina](/source/Revista_de_Marina)*. Archived from [the original](https://revistamarina.cl/revistas/1994/6/barria.pdf) on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 2021-03-07.

1. Knollys, Henry (1875). [*Incidents in the China War of 1860*](https://archive.org/details/incidentsinchina00granrich/page/106/mode/2up?view=theater). Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons. pp. 107–109.

1. Rickard, J (2013-02-15). ["Battle of Castelfidardo, 18 September 1860"](http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/battles_castelfidardo.html). *Military History Encyclopedia on the Web*. Retrieved 2015-08-13.

1. ["Archived copy"](https://web.archive.org/web/20181125191350/http://www.pilgrimhallmuseum.org/pdf/TG_Presidential_Thanksgiving_Proclamations_1862_1869.pdf). Archived from [the original](http://www.pilgrimhallmuseum.org/pdf/TG_Presidential_Thanksgiving_Proclamations_1862_1869.pdf) on 2018-11-25. Retrieved 2018-12-18.

1. The [NPS battle description](http://www.cr.nps.gov/hps/abpp/battles/ga004.htm) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20060111005219/http://www.cr.nps.gov/hps/abpp/battles/ga004.htm) January 11, 2006 at the Wayback Machine by the Civil War Sites Advisory Commission and Kennedy, p. 227, cite September 18–20.

1. Welcher, Frank J. *The Union Army, 1861–1865 Organization and Operations*. Vol. 2, *The Western Theater*. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993. ISBN 0-253-36454-X, p. 583.

1. ["#EveryElectionProject: Nova Scotia"](https://www.thewrit.ca/p/everyelectionproject-nova-scotia). *The Writ*. 2025-10-02. Retrieved 2025-10-14.

1. ["Maryland Resources"](https://guides.ll.georgetown.edu/c.php?g=275830&p=7536589). *Georgetown Law Library*. 2025-08-19. Retrieved 2025-10-14.

1. ["The History of Old Faithful"](https://yellowstonetourguides.com/the-history-of-old-faithful/). *Yellowstone Tour Guides*. 2018-10-21. Retrieved 2025-10-10.

1. Parsons, R. H. (2015). [*The Early Days of the Power Station Industry*](https://books.google.com/books?id=ghREBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA7). Cambridge University Press. p. 7. ISBN 9781107475045. Retrieved 17 September 2018.

1. Burrows, William E. (1976). [*Vigilante!*](http://archive.org/details/vigilante00burr). New York City: [Harcourt Brace Jovanovich](/source/Harcourt_(publisher)#Harcourt_Brace_Jovanovich). p. 236. ISBN 978-0-15-193655-7. [OCLC 2035082](https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/2035082)

1. ["New Year’s Eve 2018 – Dinner at Home"](https://blog4foodies.com/2019/01/09/new-years-eve-2018-dinner-at-home/). *blog4foodies*. 2019-01-09. Retrieved 2025-10-14.

1. Winston Churchill & Clementine Churchill (1998). *Speaking for Themselves: The Personal Letters of Winston and Clementine Churchill*. Doubleday. p. 502.

1. Longshore, David (2008). *Encyclopedia of hurricanes, typhoons, and cyclones*. New York: Facts on File. p. 95. ISBN 9781438118796.

1. Schwartz, Mischa. ["Origins of Carrier Multiplexing - Major George Owen Squier and AT&T"](https://web.archive.org/web/20251112004826/https://ethw.org/w/images/7/77/Schwartz.pdf). *Engineering and Technology History Wiki*. Columbia University. Archived from [the original](https://ethw.org/w/images/7/77/Schwartz.pdf) on 12 November 2025. Retrieved 1 October 2025.

1. ["Extricating Young Gussie"](https://www.saturdayeveningpost.com/reprints/extricating-young-gussie/). *Saturday Evening Post*. 18 September 1915. Retrieved 1 October 2025.

1. ["The fight for women’s suffrage in the Netherlands"](https://dutchreview.com/culture/history/womens-suffrage-in-the-netherlands/). *Dutch Review*. 6 March 2024. Retrieved 1 October 2025.

1. Woolman, David S. (1968). *Rebels in the Rif: Abd El Krim and the Rif Rebellion*. Stanford University Press. p. 96.

1. ["Dominican Republic, 1916–1924"](https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/ho/time/wwi/108649.htm). U.S. Department of State.

1. ["Great Miami Hurricane of 1926"](https://www.weather.gov/mfl/miami_hurricane). *National Weather Service*. Retrieved 10 October 2025.

1. "Actress Leaps to Death from Electrical Sign". *[Chicago Daily Tribune](/source/Chicago_Daily_Tribune)*. September 20, 1932. p. 3.

1. ["1941"](http://ww2db.com/event/timeline/1941/). *World War II Database*. Retrieved December 31, 2015.

1. ["Bevrijding Eindhoven"](https://www.oorlogsbronnen.nl/thema/Bevrijding%20Eindhoven) (in Dutch). *Netwerk Oorlogsbronnen* **Translated**: The liberation of Eindhoven took place on September 18, 1944.

1. ["De bevrijding van Eindhoven"](https://stichting18september.nl/de-bevrijding-van-eindhoven/) (in Dutch). *Stichting 18 September* **Translated**: On September 18, 1944, Allied armies entered Eindhoven, liberating one of the first cities in the Netherlands from German occupation.

1. Richard H. Barnes. ["Arracourt - September 1944"](https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/b067783.pdf). US Army Command and General Staff College. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190405074304/https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/b067783.pdf) April 5, 2019 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 18 June 2020.

1. "Korean War (1950-1953)", in *Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese Military History*, [Larry M. Wortzel](/source/Larry_M._Wortzel) and Robin D. S. Higham, eds. (ABC-CLIO, 1999) p134

1. John Sinclair, *Latin American Television : A Global View: A Global View* (Oxford University Press, 1998) p64

1. ["John H. Hodgson: *The Paasikivi Line*"](https://www.jstor.org/stable/3001358). [JSTOR 3001358](https://www.jstor.org/stable/3001358)

1. Max Jakobson (1978). *Paasikivi Tukholmassa: J. K. Paasikiven toiminta Suomen lähettiläänä Tukholmassa 1936–39* (in Finnish). Helsinki: Otava. pp. 155–156. ISBN 951-1-05126-1.

1. ["Annexation of Rockall"](https://www.royalmarineshistory.com/post/2019/09/22/annexation-of-rockall). *RoyalMarinesHistory.com*. 18 September 2019. Retrieved 10 October 2025.

1. David L. Stearns, [*Electronic Value Exchange: Origins of the Visa Electronic Payment System*](https://books.google.com/books?id=k2tTTBOImXMC&pg=PA1) (Springer, 2011) p. 1

1. ["Tuesday 18 September 1962"](https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19620918-1). Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 31 October 2019.

1. ["Greek King Takes Danish Bride; Athens Is Exuberant Over Young Ruler and Anne-Marie"](https://www.nytimes.com/1964/09/19/archives/greek-king-takes-danish-bride-athens-is-exuberant-over-young-ruler.html). *New York Times*. 19 September 1964. Retrieved 11 September 2024.

1. ["13 Creepy & Kooky Facts About ‘The Addams Family’"](https://www.remindmagazine.com/article/6873/13-facts-addams-family-tv-show-1960s/). *Remind Magazine*. 18 September 2024. Retrieved 25 September 2025.

1. ["The Real Reason ‘Get Smart’ Was Cancelled After Five Seasons"](https://www.remindmagazine.com/article/35382/real-reason-get-smart-cancelled-after-five-seasons/). *Remind Magazine*. 18 September 2025. Retrieved 26 September 2025.

1. ["Missile silo blast kills 1, hurts 21; no radiation leak"](https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=a35QAAAAIBAJ&pg=5108%2C3062852). *[St. Petersburg Times](/source/St._Petersburg_Times)*. AP, UPI. September 20, 1980. p. 1–A.

1. Preston, Julia (19 September 1988). ["New General Installed Following Haitian Coup"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1988/09/19/new-general-installed-following-haitian-coup/1f3f9585-55e9-4e30-bea4-457a07ccd64d/). *[The Washington Post](/source/The_Washington_Post)*. Retrieved 24 December 2022.

1. ["History"](http://www.magna-charta.org/magna-charta-universitatum/history). *Observatory Magna Charta Universitatum*. Retrieved 17 August 2019.

1. ["WORLD: Burkina Faso Coup Attempt Foiled"](https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-09-19-mn-360-story.html). *[Los Angeles Times](/source/Los_Angeles_Times)*. 19 September 1989. Retrieved 13 November 2014.

1. ["10th Anniversary of Fall 2006 & The CW"](https://www.tvobscurities.com/2016/09/10th-anniversary-of-fall-2006-the-cw/). *Television ObscuritiesC*. 18 September 2016. Retrieved 15 October 2025.

1. ["Guiding Light, Snuffed: Scene From A Dying Daytime Drama"](https://observer.com/2009/09/guiding-light-snuffed-scene-from-a-dying-daytime-drama/). *[The New York Observer](/source/The_New_York_Observer)*. 15 September 2009. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220628092204/https://observer.com/2009/09/guiding-light-snuffed-scene-from-a-dying-daytime-drama/) 28 June 2022 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 30 March 2022.

1. ["Limbless man completes Channel swim"](http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/200425/Limbless-man-completes-Channel-swim). London: UK: Express. 19 September 2010. Retrieved 2017-02-24.

1. ["Ottawa bus-train crash kills 6 in commuting horror"](http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/ottawa-bus-train-crash-kills-6-in-commuting-horror-1.1858868). *[CBC News](/source/CBC_News)*. September 18, 2013. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20130919022044/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/ottawa-bus-train-crash-kills-6-in-commuting-horror-1.1858868) 19 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 23 September 2013.

1. ["Toys 'R' Us files for bankruptcy protection in US"](https://www.bbc.com/news/business-41316205). *BBC*. 19 September 2017. Retrieved 8 October 2025.

1. ["South Africa's highest court legalises cannabis use"](https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-45559954). *BBC*. 18 September 2018. Retrieved 8 October 2025.

1. Julian Bennett (2003). [*Trajan: Optimus Princeps*](https://books.google.com/books?id=vXuFAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT43). Routledge. p. 43. ISBN 1-134-70913-7.

1. Jane M. Bowers & Judith Tick (1987). [*Women Making Music: The Western Art Tradition, 1150–1950*](https://archive.org/details/womenmakingmusic00bowe). University of Illinois Press. pp. [123](https://archive.org/details/womenmakingmusic00bowe/page/123). ISBN 978-0-252-01470-3.

1. Trevor Royle (1984). [*Macmillan Companion to Scottish Literature*](https://books.google.com/books?id=SDJdDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA49). Macmillan International Higher Education. p. 49. ISBN 978-1-349-07587-4.

1. James Boswell (1837). [*The Life of Samuel Johnson, L.L. D.: Including A Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides*](https://books.google.com/books?id=mJsEAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA9). G. Dearborn. p. 9.

1. Russell P. Sebold (1961). [*Tomas de Iriarte*](https://books.google.com/books?id=AKYLVT0DR4AC&pg=PA15). Ardent Media. p. 15.

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## External links

- ["On This Day"](https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/18). BBC.
- ["Historical Events on September 18"](https://www.onthisday.com/events/september/18). OnThisDay.com.

---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [September 18](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_18) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_18?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.