# Sentinel-5 Precursor > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Sentinel-5_Precursor > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Sentinel-5_Precursor.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentinel-5_Precursor > Source revision: 1354093204 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{Short description|European Earth observation satellite}} {{Infobox spacecraft class | name = Sentinel-5 Precursor | image = File:Sentinel 5P model.jpg | image_caption = Sentinel-5P model | manufacturer = [Astrium UK](/source/Astrium) | designer = | country = {{flag|European Union}} | operator = [ESA](/source/ESA) | applications = [Atmospheric composition](/source/Atmospheric_chemistry), [air pollution](/source/air_pollution), [ozone layer](/source/ozone_layer) monitoring | spacecraft_type = Satellite | spacecraft_bus = Astrobus-L 250 M{{cite web|url=http://esamultimedia.esa.int/docs/S5-prec_Data_Sheet.pdf|title=Sentinel 5 Data Sheet|publisher=[ESA](/source/ESA)|date=August 2013|access-date=6 September 2014}} | constellation = | design_life = 7 years | launch_mass = {{convert|900|kg}} | dry_mass = {{convert|820|kg}} | payload_capacity = | dimensions = {{convert|3.35|x|5.63|m|ft|abbr=on|sigfig=3}} – height × diameter {{cite web|url=https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Sentinel-5P/Satellite|title=ESA: Sentinel-5P Satellite|publisher=ESA|access-date=4 September 2024}} | volume = | power = 1500 watts | batteries = 156 [Ah](/source/ampere_hour) | equipment = TROPOMI | orbits = | status = Operational | built = 1 | orders = 0 | launched = 1 | operational = 1 | retired = | first = 13 October 2017 | last = | lastretired = | derivedfrom = | derivatives = | subsatellites = | subsatellite_of = | insignia = | insignia_size = | insignia_alt = | insignia_caption = | bottom_image = | bottom_image_size = | bottom_image_alt = | bottom_image_caption = | previous = [Sentinel-2B](/source/Sentinel-2B) | next = [Sentinel-3B](/source/Sentinel-3B) }} '''Sentinel-5 Precursor''' ('''Sentinel-5P''') is an [Earth observation satellite](/source/Earth_observation_satellite) developed by [ESA](/source/European_Space_Agency) as part of the [Copernicus Programme](/source/Copernicus_Programme) to close the gap in continuity of observations between [Envisat](/source/Envisat) and Sentinel-5.{{cite web|url=http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Sentinels_-4_-5_and_-5P|title=Sentinels -4/-5 and -5P|publisher=ESA|access-date=6 September 2014}} It was launched in October 2017, and has a design life of 7 years. The TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (Tropomi) provides the most detailed [methane emissions](/source/Atmospheric_methane) monitoring available.{{Cite journal |last=Tollefson |first=Jeff |date=2018-04-11 |title=US environmental group wins millions to develop methane-monitoring satellite |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=556 |issue=7701 |page=283 |bibcode=2018Natur.556..283T |doi=10.1038/d41586-018-04478-6 |pmid=29666485 |doi-access=free}} ==Overview== Sentinel-5P is the first mission of the [Copernicus Programme](/source/Copernicus_Programme) dedicated to monitoring [air pollution](/source/air_pollution). Its instrument, Tropomi, is an [ultraviolet](/source/ultraviolet), [visible](/source/Visible_spectrum), [near](/source/near-infrared) and [short-wavelength infrared](/source/Infrared) [spectrometer](/source/spectrometer). The satellite is built on a hexagonal Astrobus L 250 [satellite bus](/source/satellite_bus) equipped with [S-](/source/S_band) and [X-band](/source/X-band) communication antennas, three foldable solar panels generating 1500 watts and [hydrazine](/source/hydrazine) thrusters for [station-keeping](/source/orbital_station-keeping). The satellite operates in an {{Convert|824|km|mi|abbr=on}} [Sun-synchronous orbit](/source/Sun-synchronous_orbit) with a Local Time of Ascending Node of 13:30 hours. === Pre-launch === The first large contract for Sentinel-5P was signed in July 2009 for Tropomi instrument between the [European Space Agency](/source/European_Space_Agency) and [Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs](/source/Ministry_of_Economic_Affairs_(Netherlands)) which contributed {{Euro|78}} million.{{cite web |date=6 July 2009 |title=Agreement between the Netherlands and ESA signed for Sentinel-5 Precursor instrument |url=http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Agreement_between_the_Netherlands_and_ESA_signed_for_Sentinel-5_Precursor_instrument |access-date=6 September 2014 |publisher=ESA}} On 8 December 2011, ESA selected [Astrium](/source/Astrium) UK as a prime contractor for the satellite, signing contract worth {{Euro|45.5}} million.{{cite web |date=8 December 2011 |title=ESA selects Astrium to build Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite |url=http://www.esa.int/About_Us/Law_at_ESA/ESA_selects_Astrium_to_build_Sentinel-5_Precursor_satellite |access-date=6 September 2014 |publisher=ESA}} Construction of the satellite itself was completed in May 2014, followed by successful integration with its primary instrument.{{cite web |date=27 May 2014 |title=Platform brings air monitoring a step closer |url=http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Platform_brings_air_monitoring_a_step_closer |access-date=6 September 2014 |publisher=ESA}} From design to launch Tropomi cost {{Euro|220}} million.{{cite web |author= |date=Oct 13, 2017 |title=NLR essential link in Tropomi data processing |url=https://www.nlr.org/news/nlr-essential-link-in-tropomi-data-processing/ |access-date=Sep 26, 2018}} === Launch === The satellite was launched by [Eurockot Launch Services](/source/Eurockot_Launch_Services) onboard [Rokot](/source/Rokot).{{cite web |date=29 January 2014 |title=ESA books Eurockot Launch for Sentinel-5p Satellite |url=http://www.eurockot.com/2014/01/esa-books-eurockot-launch-for-sentinel-5p-satellite/ |access-date=6 September 2014 |publisher=[Eurockot Launch Services](/source/Eurockot_Launch_Services)}} The launch was originally planned for late 2014, but after multiple postponements, was launched on 13 October 2017 at 09:27 UTC from [Plesetsk Cosmodrome Site 133](/source/Plesetsk_Cosmodrome_Site_133). Sentinel-5P successfully reached its final orbit 79 minutes after lift-off.{{Cite web |title=Air-quality monitoring satellite in orbit - News - Sentinel-5P - ESA Missions - Earth Online - ESA |url=https://earth.esa.int/web/guest/missions/esa-eo-missions/sentinel-5p/news/-/article/air-quality-monitoring-satellite-in-orbit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013224940/https://earth.esa.int/web/guest/missions/esa-eo-missions/sentinel-5p/news/-/article/air-quality-monitoring-satellite-in-orbit |archive-date=2017-10-13 |access-date=2017-10-13}} ==Tropomi instrument== {{Technical|date=May 2024|section}} Sentinel-5P carries a single instrument, the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (Tropomi). Tropomi is a spectrometer sensing ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), near-infrared (NIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) wavelengths of light to monitor [ozone](/source/ozone), [methane](/source/methane), [formaldehyde](/source/formaldehyde), [aerosol](/source/aerosol), [carbon monoxide](/source/carbon_monoxide), [NO2](/source/Nitrogen_dioxide) and [SO2](/source/Sulfur_dioxide) in the atmosphere. It extends the capabilities of the [OMI](/source/Ozone_Monitoring_Instrument) from the [Aura satellite](/source/Aura_(satellite)) and the [SCIAMACHY](/source/SCIAMACHY) instrument from [Envisat](/source/Envisat).{{cite web|url=http://www.tropomi.eu/|title=TROPOMI|access-date=6 September 2014}} Tropomi is taking measurements every second covering an area approximately {{Convert|2600|km|mi|abbr=on}} wide and {{Convert|7|km|mi|abbr=on}} at a resolution of 7 x 7 km. The total mass of Tropomi is approximately {{Convert|200|kg|lb|abbr=on}} with a power consumption of 170 watts on average and a data output of 140 Gbit per orbit.{{cite web |title=TROPOMI: Instrument |url=http://www.tropomi.eu/TROPOMI/Instrument.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813021825/http://www.tropomi.eu/TROPOMI/Instrument.html |archive-date=13 August 2014 |access-date=6 September 2014}} === Instrument design and construction === Tropomi was built by a joint venture between the [Netherlands Space Office](/source/Netherlands_Space_Office), [Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute](/source/Royal_Netherlands_Meteorological_Institute), [Netherlands Institute for Space Research](/source/Netherlands_Institute_for_Space_Research), [Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research](/source/Netherlands_Organisation_for_Applied_Scientific_Research) and [Airbus Defence and Space Netherlands](/source/%3Anl%3AAirbus_Defence_and_Space_Netherlands).{{cite web |url=http://www.sron.nl/sentinel-5-precursortropomi-missionsmenu-2067|title=Sentinel 5-Precursor/TROPOMI|publisher=[Netherlands Institute for Space Research](/source/Netherlands_Institute_for_Space_Research)|access-date=6 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060427/http://www.sron.nl/sentinel-5-precursortropomi-missionsmenu-2067|archive-date=4 March 2016}} The instrument is split into four major blocks: the UV, VIS and NIR spectrometers and a calibration block, the SWIR spectrometer with its optics, the instrument control unit, and a cooling block. Light is separated into different wavelengths using grating spectrometers and then measured with four different detectors corresponding to the respective spectral bands. The UV spectrometer has a spectral range of 270-320 nm, the visible light spectrometer has a range of 310-500 nm, the NIR spectrometer has a range of 675-775 nm, and the SWIR spectrometer has a range of 2305-2385 nm. ==== SWIR spectrometer ==== The SWIR spectrometer was designed and built by the Optical Payloads Group of Surrey Satellites (SSTL); it employs an immersed grating design in which light impinges upon an etched grating from within a high-index silicon substrate. The reduced wavelength within the refractive medium permits an efficient, space-saving design. The SWIR grating was provided by SRON (Netherlands), who also provided the Front-End Electronics (FEE). The SWIR spectrometer receives light from the main instrument via an intermediate [pupil](/source/Entrance_pupil), and directs it via a telescope towards a slit which defines the along-track footprint of the instrument on the ground. Light from the slit is re-[collimated](/source/Collimated_beam), [diffracted](/source/Diffraction) by the immersed-grating at high-order, and finally imaged onto a two-dimensional detector by a high aperture relay lens. The SWIR detector (furnished by Sofradir, France) has 256 elements in the across-track direction and 1024 elements in the spectral direction, with an element pitch of 30 microns; it is operated cold (typically 140 K). The SWIR spectrometer optics are mounted on a cooled optical bench (approximately 200K) and the instrument is insulated by a multiple-layer insulation (MLI) blanket. The SWIR instrument was aligned, focussed and characterised at the Mullard Space Science laboratory thermal vacuum facility in Surrey, UK.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} ==Application examples== Sentinel-5P Tropomi showed substantial reductions in [nitrogen dioxide](/source/nitrogen_dioxide) amounts over Chinese cities between late January and February 2020. These were linked to China's response to the [coronavirus pandemic](/source/COVID-19_pandemic_in_mainland_China) which greatly reduced industrial and other polluting activities.{{Cite web| title = COVID-19: nitrogen dioxide over China| access-date = March 24, 2020 |date=March 24, 2020| url = https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Sentinel-5P/COVID-19_nitrogen_dioxide_over_China}} Tropomi pollution data also helped to confirm a correlation between a higher incidence of COVID-19 and chronic exposure to air pollutants.{{Cite journal|last1=Pansini|first1=Riccardo|last2=Fornacca|first2=Davide|date=2021|title=COVID-19 Higher Mortality in Chinese Regions With Chronic Exposure to Lower Air Quality|journal=Frontiers in Public Health|language=English|volume=8|article-number=597753|doi=10.3389/fpubh.2020.597753|issn=2296-2565|pmc=7874038|pmid=33585383|doi-access=free}} ==References== {{reflist|30em}} ==External links== * [https://sentinel.esa.int/web/sentinel/missions/sentinel-5p Sentinel 5 Precursor website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140909143053/https://sentinel.esa.int/web/sentinel/missions/sentinel-5p |date=2014-09-09 }} * [http://www.tropomi.eu/ TROPOMI website] * [http://www.esa.int/spaceinvideos/Videos/2014/05/Sentinel-5P_internal_view Sentinel-5 Precursor internal view video] * [http://esamultimedia.esa.int/docs/S5-prec_Data_Sheet.pdf Sentinel-5 Precursor datasheet] *[https://uphere.space/satellites/42969 Real-time orbital tracking] - [https://uphere.space uphere.space] {{Copernicus programme}} {{European Space Agency}} {{Orbital launches in 2017}} Category:Sentinel satellites Category:Earth observation satellites of the European Space Agency Category:Spacecraft launched by Rokot rockets Category:Spacecraft launched in 2017 Category:Satellites monitoring GHG emissions --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Sentinel-5 Precursor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentinel-5_Precursor) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentinel-5_Precursor?action=history)). 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