# Selsoviet > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Selsoviet > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Selsoviet.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selsoviet > Source revision: 1347227164 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{Refimprove|date=May 2025}} {{Short description|Rural council in Russia, Belarus and Ukraine}} A '''selsoviet''' ({{langx|be|сельсавет}}, [Łacinka](/source/Belarusian_Latin_alphabet): sielsaviet; {{langx|ru|сельсовет|sel'sovet}}, {{IPA|ru|sʲɪlʲsɐˈvʲet|IPA}}; {{langx|uk|сільрада|sil'rada}}) is the shortened name for '''Selsky soviet''', i.e., '''rural council''' ({{langx|be|се́льскi саве́т}}; {{langx|ru|се́льский сове́т}}; {{langx|uk|сільська́ ра́да}}). It has three closely related meanings: *The administration (''[soviet](/source/soviet_(council))'') of a certain rural area. *The territorial subdivision administered by such a council. *The building of the selsoviet administration. Selsoviets were the lowest level of administrative division in rural areas in the [Soviet Union](/source/Soviet_Union). After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, they were preserved as a third tier of administrative-territorial division throughout [Ukraine](/source/Ukraine), [Belarus](/source/Belarus), and many of the [federal subjects of Russia](/source/federal_subjects_of_Russia). A selsoviet is a rural administrative division of a [raion](/source/raion) (district) that includes one or several smaller rural localities and is in a subordination to its respective raion administration. The name refers to the local rural self-administration, the rural [soviet (council)](/source/soviet_(council)), a part of the Soviet system of administration. The head of a selsoviet is called chairman, who had to be appointed by higher administration. ==Soviet Union== A December 24, 1917 decree of [Sovnarkom](/source/Sovnarkom) initiated the reform of the administrative division inherited from the [Russian Empire](/source/Russian_Empire) by which all local power must belong to [soviet](/source/soviet_(council))s of the corresponding level of hierarchy.{{Cite web|url=https://istmat.org/node/28283|title=№ 179. Об организации местного самоуправления. {{!}} Проект «Исторические Материалы»|website=istmat.info|access-date=2021-11-28|archive-date=2021-11-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128185034/http://istmat.info/node/28283}} The reform was finalized in 1924. For a considerable period of Soviet history, [passports](/source/Propiska_in_the_Soviet_Union) of rural residents were stored in selsoviet offices, and people could not move outside their area of residence without the permission of selsoviet.{{Cite web |url=https://historyrussia.org/tsekh-istorikov/sozdanie-sistemy-kontrolya-nad-naseleniem-v-sssr-pasport-kak-klassovaya-sushchnost.html |title=Создание системы контроля над населением в СССР. Паспорт как классовая сущность |access-date=2022-01-31 |archive-date=2022-01-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131104121/https://historyrussia.org/tsekh-istorikov/sozdanie-sistemy-kontrolya-nad-naseleniem-v-sssr-pasport-kak-klassovaya-sushchnost.html}}{{Cite web |url=https://magazines.gorky.media/novyi_mi/1996/6/pasportnaya-sistema-sovetskogo-krepostnichestva.html |title=В. Попов. Паспортная система советского крепостничества |access-date=2022-01-31 |archive-date=2021-06-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605142806/https://magazines.gorky.media/novyi_mi/1996/6/pasportnaya-sistema-sovetskogo-krepostnichestva.html}} ==Belarus== thumb|All administrative divisions of Belarus, April 2025 [Rural councils of Belarus](/source/Rural_councils_of_Belarus) are subordinated to [districts of Belarus](/source/districts_of_Belarus). If a rural council includes [agrotown](/source/agrotown_(Belarus))s, then one of them is the [administrative center](/source/administrative_center) of the rural council, with some exceptions.{{Cite web |url=http://www.levonevski.net/pravo/razdel2/num6/2d686.html |title=Закон Республики Беларусь от 5 мая 1998 г. №154-З "Об административно-территориальном делении и порядке решения вопросов административно-территориального устройства Республики Беларусь" |access-date=2016-10-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100616052842/http://levonevski.net/pravo/razdel2/num6/2d686.html |archive-date=2010-06-16 |url-status=dead |lang=ru}} The system was introduced in 1924, when the whole [Soviet Union](/source/Soviet_Union) replaced its administrative division inherited from the [Russian Empire](/source/Russian_Empire).[https://web.archive.org/web/20160820124643/http://bargu.by/1744-rayonirovanie-administrativno-territorialnoe-delenie-strany.html РАЙОНИРОВАНИЕ. АДМИНИСТРАТИВНО-ТЕРРИТОРИАЛЬНОЕ ДЕЛЕНИЕ СТРАНЫ.] ==Russia== Division into selsoviets as administrative-territorial units remained after the [dissolution of the Soviet Union](/source/dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union) in many of the [federal subjects of Russia](/source/federal_subjects_of_Russia). In modern Russia, a selsoviet is a [type of an administrative division](/source/subdivisions_of_Russia) of a [district](/source/raion) in a federal subject of Russia, which is equal in status to a [town of district significance](/source/town_of_district_significance) or an [urban-type settlement of district significance](/source/urban-type_settlement_of_district_significance), but is organized around a [rural locality](/source/types_of_inhabited_localities_in_Russia) (as opposed to a town or an [urban-type settlement](/source/urban-type_settlement)). In some federal subjects, selsoviets were replaced with [municipal rural settlements](/source/subdivisions_of_Russia), which, in turn, were granted status of administrative-territorial units. Prior to the adoption of the 1993 [Constitution of Russia](/source/Constitution_of_Russia), this type of administrative division had a uniform definition on the whole territory of the [Russian SFSR](/source/Russian_SFSR). After the adoption of the 1993 Constitution, the administrative-territorial structure of the federal subjects is no longer identified as the responsibility of the federal government or as the joint responsibility of the federal government and the federal subjects."Энциклопедический словарь конституционного права". Статья "Административно-территориальное устройство". Сост. А. А. Избранов. — Мн.: Изд. В.М. Суров, 2001. This state of the matters is traditionally interpreted by the governments of the federal subjects as a sign that the matters of the administrative-territorial divisions are the sole responsibility of the federal subjects themselves. As a result, the modern administrative-territorial structures of the federal subjects vary significantly from one federal subject to another; that includes the manner in which the selsoviets are organized and the choice of a term to refer to such entities. As of 2013, the following types of such entities are recognized: *'''Inhabited locality''' ({{lang|ru|населённый пункт}}): in [Krasnoyarsk Krai](/source/Krasnoyarsk_Krai) (together with selsoviets) *'''Rural administration''' ({{lang|ru|сельская администрация}}): in the [Republic of Kalmykia](/source/Republic_of_Kalmykia) and in [Tula Oblast](/source/Tula_Oblast) (together with rural okrugs, rural territories, and volosts) *'''Rural administrative okrug''' ({{lang|ru|сельский административный округ}}): in [Bryansk Oblast](/source/Bryansk_Oblast) *'''Rural okrug''' ({{lang|ru|сельский округ}}): in the [Mari El Republic](/source/Mari_El_Republic), the [Republic of North Ossetia–Alania](/source/Republic_of_North_Ossetia%E2%80%93Alania), and the [Sakha Republic](/source/Sakha_Republic); in [Krasnodar Krai](/source/Krasnodar_Krai) (together with stanitsa okrugs); in [Belgorod](/source/Belgorod_Oblast), [Kaliningrad](/source/Kaliningrad_Oblast), [Kirov](/source/Kirov_Oblast), [Omsk](/source/Omsk_Oblast), [Ryazan](/source/Ryazan_Oblast), Tula (together with rural administrations, rural territories, and volosts), [Tyumen](/source/Tyumen_Oblast), [Ulyanovsk](/source/Ulyanovsk_Oblast), and [Yaroslavl Oblast](/source/Yaroslavl_Oblast)s *'''Rural settlement''' ({{lang|ru|сельское поселение}}): in the [Altai](/source/Altai_Republic) and the [Chuvash Republic](/source/Chuvash_Republic)s; in [Amur](/source/Amur_Oblast), [Moscow](/source/Moscow_Oblast), [Rostov](/source/Rostov_Oblast), [Smolensk](/source/Smolensk_Oblast), [Tver](/source/Tver_Oblast), and [Voronezh Oblast](/source/Voronezh_Oblast)s *'''Rural territory''' ({{lang|ru|сельская территория}}): in [Kemerovo Oblast](/source/Kemerovo_Oblast) and Tula Oblast (together with rural administrations, rural okrugs, and volosts) *'''Rural-type settlement administrative territory''' ({{lang|ru|административная территория – посёлок сельского типа}}): in the [Komi Republic](/source/Komi_Republic) (together with selo administrative territories) *'''Selo administrative territory''' ({{lang|ru|административная территория – село}}): in the Komi Republic (together with rural-type settlement administrative territories) *'''Selsoviet''' ({{lang|ru|сельсовет}}): in the [Republics of Bashkortostan](/source/Republic_of_Bashkortostan), [Buryatia](/source/Republic_of_Buryatia) (together with somons), [Dagestan](/source/Republic_of_Dagestan), [Khakassia](/source/Republic_of_Khakassia) (together with settlement councils), [Mordovia](/source/Republic_of_Mordovia), and the [Udmurt Republic](/source/Udmurt_Republic); in [Altai](/source/Altai_Krai) (together with settlement administrations), Krasnoyarsk (together with inhabited localities), and [Stavropol Krai](/source/Stavropol_Krai)s; in [Arkhangelsk](/source/Arkhangelsk_Oblast), [Astrakhan](/source/Astrakhan_Oblast), [Chelyabinsk](/source/Chelyabinsk_Oblast), [Kurgan](/source/Kurgan_Oblast), [Kursk](/source/Kursk_Oblast), [Lipetsk](/source/Lipetsk_Oblast), [Nizhny Novgorod](/source/Nizhny_Novgorod_Oblast), [Orenburg](/source/Orenburg_Oblast) (together with settlement councils), [Oryol](/source/Oryol_Oblast), [Penza](/source/Penza_Oblast), [Tambov](/source/Tambov_Oblast), [Volgograd](/source/Volgograd_Oblast), and [Vologda Oblast](/source/Vologda_Oblast)s; in [Nenets Autonomous Okrug](/source/Nenets_Autonomous_Okrug) (together with settlements) *'''Settlement''' ({{lang|ru|поселение}}): in [Kostroma](/source/Kostroma_Oblast) and [Novgorod Oblast](/source/Novgorod_Oblast)s *'''Settlement''' ({{lang|ru|посёлок}}): in Nenets Autonomous Okrug (together with selsoviets) *'''Settlement administration''' ({{lang|ru|поселковая администрация}}): in Altai Krai (together with selsoviets) *'''Settlement council''' ({{lang|ru|поссовет}}): in the Republic of Khakassia (together with selsoviets) and in Orenburg Oblast (together with selsoviets) *'''Settlement municipal formation''' ({{lang|ru|муниципальное образование со статусом поселения}}): in [Leningrad Oblast](/source/Leningrad_Oblast) *'''Somon''' ({{lang|ru|сомон}}): in the Republic of Buryatia (together with selsoviets) *'''Sumon''' ({{lang|ru|сумон}}): in the [Republic of Tuva](/source/Republic_of_Tuva) *'''Stanitsa okrug''' ({{lang|ru|станичный округ}}): in Krasnodar Krai (together with rural okrugs) *'''Territorial okrug''' ({{lang|ru|территориальный округ}}): in [Murmansk Oblast](/source/Murmansk_Oblast) *'''[Volost](/source/Volost)''' ({{lang|ru|волость}}): in [Pskov Oblast](/source/Pskov_Oblast) and Tula Oblast (together with rural administrations, rural okrugs, and rural territories) ==Ukraine== Selsoviets ({{langx|uk|сiльрада}}, ''silrada'') were replaced with ''[hromada](/source/hromada)s'' by the administrative reform of 2020.{{Cite web|last=|title=Те, чого ніколи не було в Україні: Уряд затвердив адмінтерустрій базового рівня, що забезпечить повсюдність місцевого самоврядування|trans-title=That which never existed in Ukraine: The Cabinet of Ministers established the basic level of administrative division which will ensure ubiquity of local governance|url=https://decentralization.gov.ua/admin/articles/12533.html|access-date=2021-03-24|website=decentralization.gov.ua|lang=uk}} ==See also== * [Municipal council](/source/Municipal_council) *[Rural councils of Belarus](/source/Rural_councils_of_Belarus) ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Slavic terms for country subdivisions}} Category:Types of administrative division Category:Political divisions of Russia Category:Russian-language designations of territorial entities Category:Soviets of the Soviet Union --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Selsoviet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selsoviet) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selsoviet?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.