# Seleucus (commandant)

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**Seleucus** (Greek: Σέλευκος *Seleukos*) was in 30 BC a commandant of the eastern Egyptian border-fortress [Pelusium](/source/Pelusium).

In the final stage of the [decisive war](/source/Final_War_of_the_Roman_Republic) between [Mark Antony](/source/Mark_Antony) and [Octavian](/source/Augustus) for the sole rule of the [Roman Empire](/source/Roman_Empire) Antony and his lover, the Egyptian queen [Cleopatra VII](/source/Cleopatra_VII), withdrew after their defeat in the [Battle of Actium](/source/Battle_of_Actium) (September 2, 31 BC) to Egypt. In summer of 30 BC Octavian's troops advanced from the West and the East against Egypt. At that time Seleucus was the commandant of Pelusium. But this eastern border-fortress surrendered so fast that Seleucus was suspected of having treacherously handed it over. The ancient biographer [Plutarch](/source/Plutarch) also mentions the rumour that Seleucus had given it up with the consent of Cleopatra,[1] but this assertion is doubted in the modern research.[2] In any case the queen handed over Seleucus's wife and children to Antony for execution. If the family members of Seleucus were really executed is unknown.[3] There is also no information about the further fate of Seleucus.

## Notes

1. Plutarch, *Antony* 74.1-2

1. For example by Christoph Schäfer, *Kleopatra*, p. 240 with note 108.

1. Plutarch, *Antony* 74.1-2; compare [Cassius Dio](/source/Cassius_Dio) (*Roman history* 51.9.5-6), who represents the treacherous surrender of Pelusium at the orders of Cleopatra as certain and gives for this as one motive, that the queen allegedly believed in love declarations of Octavian.

## References

- [Michael Grant](/source/Michael_Grant_(author)): *Kleopatra*. Bastei-Lübbe, Bergisch Gladbach 1998, ISBN 3-404-61416-X, p. 304.
- Christoph Schäfer: *Kleopatra*. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 2006, ISBN 3-534-15418-5, p. 240 with note. 108.
- Felix Staehelin: *Seleukos 14*. In: *[Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft](/source/Realencyclop%C3%A4die_der_Classischen_Altertumswissenschaft)*, vol. II A,1, Stuttgart 1921, col. 1247.

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