# Seisonidae

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Family of rotifers

Seisonidae Seison africanus Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Rotifera Class: Seisonidea Order: Seisonida Family: Seisonidae Wesenberg-Lund, 1899 Genera Paraseison Seison Synonyms Seisonacea (for order)

**Seisonidae** is a family of [rotifers](/source/Rotifer), found on the gills of *[Nebalia](/source/Nebalia)*, a marine [crustacean](/source/Crustacean). Peculiar among rotifers, they are [gonochoric](/source/Gonochorism); males and females are both present and are equal in size. Both sexes are similar with paired [gonads](/source/Gonad). It is considered to have diverged from the other rotifers early on, and in one treatment is placed in a separate [class](/source/Class_(biology)) **Seisonoidea**.[1] They have a large and elongate body with reduced corona.[2] Their muscular system is similar to that of other rotifers: they have longitudinal muscles as well as open annular muscles. Being attached for most of their life, they are semi-sessile, but are capable of detaching and crawl short distances if required.[3]

Feeding has never been observed directly, but the stomach in *Seison nebaliae* contained bacteria, while a substance that probably represents hemolymph of the *Nebalia* host was found in the stomach of *Paraseison annulatus*. The latter prefer to settle beneath the carapace on the gills of the host's legs, and the former is usually found on the host's carapase, trunk or legs. Their host often lives in tidal puddles with decomposing algae for a limited period of time, with oxygen content so low it sometimes reaches anoxia, which doesn't seem to bother the Seisonidae.[4]

## Species

Two genera with total four species belong to Seisonidae:[5]

- *[Paraseison](/source/Paraseison)* Plate, 1887 - *[Paraseison annulatus](/source/Paraseison_annulatus)* (Claus, 1876) — [ectoparasite](/source/Ectoparasite) of *Nebalia*[5] - *Paraseison kisfaludyi*[6]

- *[Seison](/source/Seison)* Grube, 1861 - *[Seison nebaliae](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seison_nebaliae&action=edit&redlink=1)* Grube, 1861 – [commensal](/source/Commensalism) of *Nebalia*[5] - *[Seison africanus](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seison_africanus&action=edit&redlink=1)* Sorensen, Segers & Funch, 2005 — host is unknown.[5]

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** Ruppert, Edward E.; Fox, Richard S & Barnes, Robert D. (2004), [*Invertebrate zoology : a functional evolutionary approach*](https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780030259821) (7th ed.), Belmont, CA: Thomson-Brooks/Cole, [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-03-025982-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-03-025982-1), p. 98

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** Harley, Stephen A. Miller, John P. (2002). [*Zoology 5th edition*](https://archive.org/details/zoology0000mill/page/160) (5th ed.). Boston [etc.]: McGraw-Hill. p. [160](https://archive.org/details/zoology0000mill/page/160). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0070294110](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0070294110).{{[cite book](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_book)}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list))

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** [A modern approach to rotiferan phylogeny: Combining morphological and molecular data](https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/17136/sms_649Sorensen_and_Giribet_2006_Rotifer_phyl.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** [Miscellaneous Invertebrates](https://books.google.com/books?id=tBeBDwAAQBAJ&dq=Seisonidae+host+stomach&pg=PA70)

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-sorensen_5-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-sorensen_5-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-sorensen_5-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-sorensen_5-3) Sorensen, M. V., H. Segers & P. Funch (2005). On a new *Seison* Grube, 1861 from coastal waters of Kenya, with a reappraisal of the classification of the Seisonida (Rotifera). *Zoological Studies* **44** (1): 34–43. [Fulltext](http://zoolstud.sinica.edu.tw/Journals/44.1/34.pdf)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** [A new species of Paraseison (Rotifera: Seisonacea) from the coast of California, USA](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-the-marine-biological-association-of-the-united-kingdom/article/abs/new-species-of-paraseison-rotifera-seisonacea-from-the-coast-of-california-usa/FD423288F4B0A9EA9EB075A91D635ADF)

v t e Rotifera classes Bdelloidea Monogononta Seisonidae Acanthocephala

Taxon identifiers Seisonidae Wikidata: Q4188321 Wikispecies: Seisonidae CoL: G75 EoL: 6854 GBIF: 8055 IRMNG: 113811 ITIS: 58242 NBN: NHMSYS0021057484 NCBI: 2816133 Open Tree of Life: 5673588 WoRMS: 134926 Seison Wikidata: Q1042298 Wikispecies: Seison CoL: 644LK EoL: 105683 GBIF: 1003556 IRMNG: 1194726 ITIS: 58243 NBN: NHMSYS0021057487 NCBI: 86132 Open Tree of Life: 779396 WoRMS: 134960

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Seisonidae](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seisonidae) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seisonidae?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.