# Segolate

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**Segolates** are words in the [Hebrew language](/source/Hebrew_languages) whose end is of the form CVCVC, where the [penultimate](/source/Penult) vowel receives [syllable stress](/source/Syllable_stress). Such words are called "segolates" because the final unstressed vowel is typically (but not always) *[segol](/source/Segol)*.

These words evolved from older [Semitic](/source/Semitic_languages) words that ended in a complex [coda](/source/Syllable#Coda); indeed, when a suffix (other than an absolute plural) is added to a segolate, the original form (or something similar) reappears (cf. *kéleḇ* "dog" vs. *kalbī* "my dog").[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

Examples:[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

*Ancient Tiberian Stem Meaning *ʼarṥ אֶרֶץ, אָרֶץ‎ ʼéreṣ, ʼā́reṣ אַרְצ־‎ ʼarṣ- earth; land *ʼurn אֹרֶן‎ ʼṓren אָרְנ־‎ ʼorn- pine tree *baʻl בַּעַל, בָּעַל‎ báʻal, bā́ʻal בַּעֲל־‎ baʻăl- husband *zarʻ זֶרַע, זָרַע‎ zéraʻ, zā́raʻ זַרְע־‎ zarʻ- seed *yayn יַיִן, יָיִן‎ yáyin, yā́yin יֵינ־‎ yên- wine *milḥ מֶלַח‎ mélaḥ מִלְח־‎ milḥ- salt *milk מֶלֶך‎ méleḵ מַלְכּ־‎ malk- king *kalb כֶּלֶב, כָּלֶב‎ kéleḇ, kā́leḇ כַּלְבּ־‎ kalb- dog *laḥy לֶחִי, לְחִי‎ léḥî, ləḥî לֶחֱי־‎ leḥĕy- cheek; tool jaw *ʻibr עֵבֶר‎ ʻḖḇer עִבְר־‎ ʻiḇr- Eber *ʻayn עַיִן, עָיִן‎ ʻáyin, ʻā́yin עֵינ־‎ ʻên- eye *ṣidq צֶדֶק‎ ṣéḏeq צִדְק־ (צַדְק־?)‎ ṣiḏq-[dubious – discuss] righteousness

The ancient forms like **CawC* (such as *šawr* "bull") almost universally evolved to non-segolate *CôC* (שׁוֹר‎ šôr), though there are exceptions, such as מָוֶת‎ *mā́weṯ* "death".[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

Some segolate words' final syllable ends with a [patach](/source/Patach) rather than a segol, due to the influence of guttural consonants (ה‎, ע‎, א‎, ח‎) in the final syllable.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

[Classical Arabic](/source/Classical_Arabic) still preserves forms similar to the reconstructed Ancient Hebrew forms, although significantly simplified.[1] Examples include *ʼarḍ* "earth", *kalb* "dog", *ʻayn* "eye", *ṣidq* "sincerity".

Some modern dialects insert an [epenthetic](/source/Epenthetic) vowel between the final two consonants, similar to what happened in Hebrew.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-muraoka_1-0)** Muraoka, Takamitsu (1976). ["Segolate Nouns in Biblical and Other Aramaic Dialects"](https://www.jstor.org/stable/599825). *Journal of the American Oriental Society*. **96** (2): 226–235. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2307/599825](https://doi.org/10.2307%2F599825). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0003-0279](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0003-0279). Retrieved 4 February 2024.

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