# Sebilian
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{{Short description|Archaeological culture in Egypt spanning c. 13,000 – 10,000 BCE}}
{{Infobox archaeological culture
|name = Sebilian
|map =
|mapalt =
|altnames =
|horizon =
|region = [Nubia](/source/Nubia)
|period = [Prehistoric Nubia](/source/Prehistoric_Nubia)
|dates = ''circa'' 15,000 BE — ''circa'' 12,000 BE
|typesite =
|majorsites =
|extra =
|precededby = [Halfan culture](/source/Halfan_culture)
|followedby = [Qadan culture](/source/Qadan_culture)
}}
{{Paleolithic|upper}}
'''Sebilian''' is a [pre-historic](/source/Pre-history) [archaeological culture](/source/archaeological_culture) in [Nubia](/source/Nubia) spanning the period c. 13,000–10,000 B.C.
==Location==
The culture is known by the name given by [Edmond Vignard](/source/Edmond_Vignard) to finds he located at [Kom Ombo](/source/Kom_Ombo) on the banks of the river Nile from 1919 continuing into the 1920s.
Nine sites were found by A. Marks in the area of the [Wadi Halfa](/source/Wadi_Halfa); Wendorf located three approximately 10 kilometres from [Abu Simbel](/source/Abu_Simbel). The culture is located in entirety only in proximity to the Nile, ranging from Wadi Halfa to [Qena](/source/Qena).[Béatrix Midant-Reynes ''The prehistory of Egypt from the first Egyptians to the first pharaohs'' - 328 pages [https://books.google.com/books?id=UfcXJcXnZ9YC&dq=Sebilian+tool+culture&pg=PA50 Wiley-Blackwell, 28 Feb 2000] Retrieved 2012-01-10 {{ISBN|0-631-21787-8}}]
==Dating==
The culture was dated by Vignard as spanning the period c. 13,000–10,000 B.C.[Ian Shaw, Robert Jameson{{cite book | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=zmvNogJO2ZgC&q=Wendorf+sebilian&pg=PA516 | title = A dictionary of archaeology | date = 6 May 2002 | publisher= Wiley-Blackwell, 2002 | isbn = 9780631235835 |accessdate =2012-01-10}} {{ISBN|0-631-23583-3}}]
Dating by way of geology shows the industry to have occurred within a period 15,000 - 10,500 B.C[[Karl W. Butzer](/source/Karl_Butzer) {{cite book | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=AD8OAAAAQAAJ&q=P.E.L.+Smith+-+Sebilian&pg=PA553| title = Environment and archeology: an ecological approach to prehistory | year = 1972 | publisher = Taylor & Francis, 1972 - 703 pages | isbn = 9780416675009 | accessdate = 2012-01-10}} {{ISBN|0-416-67500-X}}] though the industry has been subsequently re-established ''sui generis'' as emerging during 13,000 BC.[PEL Smith - 2009 {{cite web | url =http://gredos.usal.es/jspui/bitstream/10366/71004/1/New_Prehistoric_Investigations_at_Kom_Om.pdf | title = ''New Prehistoric Investigations at Kom Ombo (Upper Egypt)'' | publisher = University of Montreal| accessdate = 2012-01-10}}]
==Characteristics==
Sebilian implements were located along the Nile River at the 10–15 foot terraces.[{{cite book | title = An Encyclopedia of World History | editor-last = Langer | editor-first = William L. | edition = 5th | publisher = Houghton Mifflin Company | location = Boston, MA | year = 1972 | isbn = 0-395-13592-3 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaworl00will/page/9 9] | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaworl00will/page/9 }}]
The formal characteristics of the finds indicate a development of technique that passed through three phases.
*SEBILIAN I were formally akin to [Mousteroid](/source/Mousteroid) tool-points, using a technique typical of the [levallois](/source/Levallois_technique) [diorite](/source/diorite) based industry, with few [microburin](/source/microburin)s present archaeologically.
*SEBILIAN II and III tools were made using a technique indicative of a [microblade industry](/source/Microblade_technology) that had changed the production material to [flint](/source/flint) with a much greater number of microburins found.[Michael A. Hoffman {{cite book | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=-6w9AAAAIAAJ&q=Sebilian+tool+culture&pg=PA79 | title = Egypt before the pharaohs: the prehistoric foundations of Egyptian civilization | year = 1980 | publisher = Taylor & Francis, 1980 |isbn=0-7100-0495-8 | accessdate = 2012-01-10 }}]
The industry was re-designated SEBILIAN based on those previously classified type I, and described as crudely produced, possibly resultant of the necessities of the occasional opportunities for groups engaged in hunting activities.[page 160 of Butzer Karl W. {{cite journal | url = http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/paleo_0153-9345_1997_num_23_2_4658 |doi=10.3406/paleo.1997.4658 | title = Late Quaternary problems of the Egyptian Nile : stratigraphy, environments, prehistory |year=1997 | publisher = Paléorient. 1997, Vol. 23 N°2. Paléoenvironnement et sociétés humaines au moyen-orient de 20 000 BP à 6 000 BP. pp. 151-173 | accessdate = 2012-01-14 |last1=Butzer |first1=Karl W. |journal=Paléorient |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages=151–173 }}]
The dietary manifestations evidenced were of the sort expected from a semi-[sedentary](/source/Sedentary_lifestyle) population living near to the Nile river, namely fish, and much less frequently crocodile and turtle.