# Screw cap
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{{Short description|Type of closure for bottles}}
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A '''screw cap''' or '''closure''' is a common type of [closure](/source/closure_(container)) for [bottle](/source/bottle)s, [jar](/source/jar)s, and [tube](/source/Tube_(container))s.
right|thumb|450px|Common screw closures (from left to right): Plastic bottle with plastic screw cap, Dispensing closure for salad dressing (with inner seal), Break-away closure for syrup, Dispensing pump closure, Dispensing closure (with inner seal), Spray pump, Metal closure on glass jar, Child resistant closure, Cap on toothpaste, Measuring cap
{{multiple image
| direction = horizontal
| width = 110
| footer = A "[sports cap](/source/sports_cap)", which appears on many water bottles, seen in closed configuration at left and in open configuration at right, allowing the water to pass around the central blue piece.
| image1 = Sports cap (bottle) - closed.jpg
| alt1 = Closed
| caption1 =
| image2 = Sports cap (bottle) - open.jpg
| alt2 = Open
| caption2 = }}
== History ==
Screw caps had been used in Europe since the 1500s and a British patent was filed in 1810 by [Peter Durand](/source/Peter_Durand) acting on behalf of [Nicolas Appert](/source/Nicolas_Appert).[{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=omeTDAAAQBAJ&dq=screw+cap+history+19th+century&pg=PA36 | title=Historic Bottle and Jar Closures | isbn=978-1-315-42744-7 | last1=Bender | first1=Nathan E. | date=July 2016 | publisher=Routledge }}] In 1858, [John Landis Mason](/source/John_Landis_Mason) patented a screw-on lid for a jar that became known as the [Mason jar](/source/Mason_jar).[{{Cite web |last=Bell |first=Emily |date=2016-07-21 |title=Who Invented The Screwcap? |url=https://vinepair.com/articles/who-invented-the-screwcap/ |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=VinePair |language=en-US}}]
==Usage==
[[File:CocaColaCode.jpg|thumb|250px|plastic screw cap with break-away [tamper-evident band](/source/tamper-evident_band)]]
A screw closure is a mechanical device which is screwed on and off of a "finish" on a [container](/source/Packaging_and_labelling).[{{Citation
| last = Nairn
| first = J F
| chapter = Closures, Bottles and Jars
| pages =269–284
| editor-last = Yam
| editor-first = K L
| title = Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology
| publisher = Wiley
| publication-date = 2010
| isbn = 978-0-470-08704-6
}}] Either continuous threads or lugs are used. It must be engineered to be cost-effective, to provide an effective seal (and barrier), to be compatible with the contents, to be easily opened by the consumer, often to be reclosable, and to comply with product, package, and environmental laws and regulations. Manufacturers may ensure the integrity of a screw cap using a [cap torque tester](/source/cap_torque_tester). Some closures need to be [tamper resistant](/source/tamper_resistance) and have [child-resistant packaging](/source/child-resistant_packaging) features. A [tamper-evident band](/source/tamper-evident_band) is a common tamper warning for screw caps of bottles, for example.
==Wine industry==
{{main|Screw cap (wine)}}
Screw caps' use as an [alternative](/source/alternative_wine_closure) to [cork](/source/cork_(material)) for sealing [wine](/source/wine) bottles is gaining increasing support. A screw cap is a [metal](/source/metal) cap that screws onto threads on the neck of a [bottle](/source/bottle), generally with a metal skirt down the neck to resemble the traditional [wine capsule](/source/wine_capsule) ("foil"). A layer of [plastic](/source/plastic) (often [PVDC](/source/PVDC)), cork, [rubber](/source/rubber), or other soft material is used as wad to make a seal with the mouth of the bottle.
==Sake industry==
[Sake](/source/Sake) bottles are almost universally closed with screw caps (some are packed in barrels, or novelty bottles).
==See also==
* [Bottle cap](/source/Bottle_cap)
* [Child-resistant packaging](/source/Child-resistant_packaging)
* [Closure & Container Manufacturers Association](/source/Closure_%26_Container_Manufacturers_Association)
* [Closure (container)](/source/Closure_(container))
* [Flip-top](/source/Flip-top)
* [Packaging](/source/Packaging)
* [Permeation](/source/Permeation)
* [Screw cap (wine)](/source/Screw_cap_(wine))
* [Tethered cap](/source/Tethered_cap)
* [GPI container finish standards](/source/GPI_container_finish_standards) which includes screw caps for glass containers.
==Sources==
{{Reflist}}
* Soroka, W, "Fundamentals of Packaging Technology", IoPP, 2002, {{ISBN|1-930268-25-4}}
* Yam, K. L., "Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology", John Wiley & Sons, 2009, {{ISBN|978-0-470-08704-6}}
*Prlewe, J. ''Wine from Grape to Glass''. NY: Abbeville Press, 1999.
* Wayne J. Mortensen and Brian K. Marks, [http://www.unisa.edu.au/winemarketing/conferences/docs/File008.pdf The Failure of a Wine Closure Innovation: A Strategic Marketing Analysis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080816114612/http://www.unisa.edu.au/winemarketing/conferences/docs/File008.pdf |date=2008-08-16 }},
* [ASTM](/source/ASTM) D3474 Standard Practice for Calibration and Use of Torque Meters Used in Packaging Applications
==External links==
* [http://www.wineanorak.com/new_zealand_screwcap_initiative.htm] New Zealand Screw Cap Initiative
* [https://www.isbt.com/]Closure and Container Manufacturers Association(CCMA), international society of beverage technologists,
{{packaging}}
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Category:Wine packaging and storage
Category:Packaging
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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Screw cap](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screw_cap) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screw_cap?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.