# Scots Wha Hae

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Patriotic song with lyrics by Robert Burns

Scots Wha hae wi' Wallace Bled

"**Scots Wha Hae**" ([English](/source/English_language): *Scots Who Have*) is a patriotic song of [Scotland](/source/Scotland) written using both words of the [Scots language](/source/Scots_language) and [English](/source/English_language). It has a [Roud Folk Song Index](/source/Roud_Folk_Song_Index) number of 27546.

It served for centuries as an unofficial [national anthem](/source/National_anthem_of_Scotland) of the country, but has lately[*[when?](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items)*] been largely supplanted by "[Scotland the Brave](/source/Scotland_the_Brave)" and "[Flower of Scotland](/source/Flower_of_Scotland)".

## Background

The lyrics were written by [Robert Burns](/source/Robert_Burns) in 1793, in the form of a speech given by [Robert the Bruce](/source/Robert_the_Bruce) before the [Battle of Bannockburn](/source/Battle_of_Bannockburn) in 1314 during the [Scottish Wars of Independence](/source/Scottish_Wars_of_Independence). Although the lyrics are by Burns, he wrote them to the traditional Scottish tune "[Hey Tuttie Tatie](/source/Hey_Tuttie_Tatie)", which according to tradition, was played by Bruce's army at the Battle of Bannockburn.[1] According to tradition, the same theme was played in 1429 by the Franco-Scots army at the [siege of Orléans](/source/Siege_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_(1428%E2%80%931429)) in front of [Joan of Arc](/source/Joan_of_Arc).[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*] The song, called "Marche des soldats de Robert Bruce" in France, belongs to the traditional list of military music, and commemorates the [Auld Alliance](/source/Auld_Alliance) between France and Scotland. As for the Battle of Bannockburn, the theme really played was probably a traditional Scottish theme such as "Hey Tuttie Tatie". The tune tends to be played as a slow [air](/source/Air_(music)), but certain arrangements put it at a faster tempo, as in the *[Scottish Fantasy](/source/Scottish_Fantasy)* by [Max Bruch](/source/Max_Bruch), the concert overture *Rob Roy* by [Hector Berlioz](/source/Hector_Berlioz), and the [Real McKenzies](/source/Real_McKenzies)' [punk rock](/source/Punk_rock) rendition on their 1998 album *[Clash of the Tartans](/source/Clash_of_the_Tartans)*.

The song was sent by Burns to his publisher, [George Thomson](/source/George_Thomson_(musician)), at the end of August 1793, with the title "Robert Bruce's March To Bannockburn", and a postscript saying that he had been inspired by Bruce's "glorious struggle for Freedom, associated with the glowing ideas of some other struggles of the same nature, not quite so ancient." This is seen as a covert reference to the [Radical](/source/Radicalism_(historical)) movement, and particularly to the trial of [Glasgow](/source/Glasgow) lawyer [Thomas Muir of Huntershill](/source/Thomas_Muir_of_Huntershill), whose trial began on 30 August 1793 as part of a government crackdown, after the [French Revolutionary Wars](/source/French_Revolutionary_Wars) led to France declaring war on the [Kingdom of Great Britain](/source/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain) on 1 February 1793. Muir was accused of [sedition](/source/Sedition) for allegedly inciting the Scottish people to oppose the government during the December 1792 convention of the Scottish [Friends of the People Society](/source/Friends_of_the_People_Society), and was eventually sentenced to 14 years' [transportation](/source/Penal_transportation) to the convict settlement at [Botany Bay](/source/Botany_Bay). Burns was aware that if he declared his [republican](/source/Republicanism) and radical sympathies openly, he could suffer the same fate.

When Burns notably agreed to let the *[Morning Chronicle](/source/Morning_Chronicle)*, of 8 May 1794, publish the song, it was on the basis of "let them insert it as a thing they have met with by accident, and unknown to me." The song was included in the 1799 edition of *A Select Collection of Original Scottish Airs for the Voice*,[2] edited by [George Thomson](/source/George_Thomson_(musician)), but Thomson preferred the tune "Lewie Gordon", and had Burns add to the fourth line of each [stanza](/source/Stanza), to suit. In the 1802 edition, the original words and tune were restored. In 1881, *[The New York Times](/source/The_New_York_Times)*, reviewing *Our Familiar Songs and Those Who Made Them* by [Helen Kendrick Johnson](/source/Helen_Kendrick_Johnson), asserted that no song was "more glorious" than "*Scots, wha hae wi Wallace bled*", explaining that once Burns' poem had been set to the tune of *Hey Tuttie Tatie*, it "marched through the land forever, loud, and triumphant."[3] "Scots Wha Hae" is the [party song](/source/Party_song) of the [Scottish National Party](/source/Scottish_National_Party). In the past, it was sung at the close of their annual national conference each year. The tune was adapted for military band as *Marche des soldats de Robert Bruce* by French army Chef de Musique Léonce Chomel, and recorded around 1910 in his *Marches historiques, chants et chansons des soldats de France*.[4] The tune is also featured in the fourth movement of the [Scottish Fantasy](/source/Scottish_Fantasy), composed in 1880 by German composer [Max Bruch](/source/Max_Bruch) .

## Lyrics

Original lyrics Scots, wha hae wi Wallace bled, Scots, wham Bruce has aften led, Welcome tae yer gory bed, Or tae victorie. Standard English translation Scots, who have with Wallace bled, Scots, whom Bruce has often led, Welcome to your gory bed Or to victory. Now's the day, an now's the hour: See the front o battle lour, See approach proud Edward's power— Chains and Slaverie. Now's the day, and now's the hour: See the front of battle lower [threaten], See approach proud Edward's power— Chains and slavery. Wha will be a traitor knave? Wha will fill a coward's grave? Wha sae base as be a slave? Let him turn a flee. Who will be a traitor knave? Who will fill a coward's grave? Who's so base as be a slave? Let him turn and flee. Wha, for Scotland's king and law, Freedom's sword will strongly draw, Freeman stand, or Freeman fa, Let him on wi me. Who for Scotland's king and law, Freedom's sword will strongly draw, Freeman stand or freeman fall, Let him [go] on with me. By Oppression's woes and pains, By your sons in servile chains! We will drain our dearest veins, But they shall be free. By oppression's woes and pains, By your sons in servile chains! We will drain our dearest veins, But they shall be free. Lay the proud usurpers low, Tyrants fa in every foe, Libertie's in every blow!— Let us do or dee. Lay the proud usurpers low, Tyrants fall in every foe, Liberty's in every blow!— Let us do or die.

## In popular culture

- The opening lyrics of the song are the key words for the posthypnotic-suggestion programming of [United Nations](/source/United_Nations) Exploratory Force soldiers in [Joe Haldeman](/source/Joe_Haldeman)'s [military science-fiction](/source/Military_science-fiction) novel *[The Forever War](/source/The_Forever_War),* intended to make them particularly aggressive in battle.

- In the *[Dad's Army](/source/Dad's_Army)* episode "[My British Buddy](/source/My_British_Buddy)", [Private Frazer](/source/Private_Frazer) recites a personally updated version of the song's second and third lyrics to an American colonel during the welcoming of the [United States](/source/United_States) into [World War II](/source/World_War_II).

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** Murray Pittock, [*Poetry and Jacobite politics in eighteenth-century Britain and Ireland*](https://books.google.com/books?id=c8gOMBoI60QC&pg=PA218)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** George Thomson (1757-1851) (1826). [*\[George Thomson (ed.)\], A Select Collection Of Original Scottish Airs For The Voice \[...\] New Edition, Vol. 3, Preston, London, 1826*](http://archive.org/details/ThomsonScottishAirsNewEd1826Vol3). pp. 132–33.{{[cite book](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_book)}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list))

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** "The Songs of Former Days". *[The New York Times](/source/The_New_York_Times)*. 6 November 1881.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Chomel, Léonce, *Marches historiques, chants et chansons des soldats de France*, 3 tomes, Musée de l’armée, 1912 (manuscrit).

- Bold, Alan (editor), *Rhymer Rab, An Anthology of Poems and Prose by Robert Burns,* Black Swan, Transworld Publishers Ltd, London 1993, [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-552-99526-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-552-99526-6)

- Mackay, James A. (editor), *The Complete Letters of Robert Burns*, Ayr 1987.

## External links

- Digitised copy of [Scots Wha Hae](http://digital.nls.uk/91460792) in James Johnson's [Scots Musical Museum](/source/Scots_Musical_Museum), printed between 1787 and 1803, from [National Library of Scotland](/source/National_Library_of_Scotland). JPEG, PDF, XML versions.

- [MP3 file of vocal performance](http://www.electricscotland.com/music/artists/mp3/scots_wha_hae.mp3) The Reevers • Farewell to the Highlands

v t e Robert Burns Poems "Comin' Thro' the Rye" (1782) "John Barleycorn" (1782) "Composed in August" (1783) "Man Was Made to Mourn" (1784) "Address to the Deil" (1785) "Epitaph for James Smith" (1785) "Halloween" (1785) "Handsome Nell" (1774) "Holy Willie's Prayer" (1785) "To a Mouse" (1785) The Kilmarnock volume (1786) "To a Louse" (1786) "To a Mountain Daisy" (1786) "The Cotter's Saturday Night" (1786) "The Battle of Sherramuir" (1787) "The Birks of Aberfeldy" (1787) "Green Grow the Rashes" (1787) "The Holy Tulzie" (1784) "Auld Lang Syne" (1788) "My Heart's in the Highlands" (1789) "Tam o' Shanter" (1790) "Ae Fond Kiss" (1791) "Such a Parcel of Rogues in a Nation" (1791) "Ye Jacobites by Name" (1791) "Sweet Afton" (1791) "The Slave's Lament" (1792) "Oh, whistle and I'll come to you, my lad" (1793) "Scots Wha Hae" (1793) "A Red, Red Rose" (1794) "Ca' the yowes" (revised, 1794) "A Man's A Man for A' That" (1795) Books "Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect" "Edinburgh" "Belfast" "Dublin Variant" "London" "The Dunlop Burns" "The Geddes Burns" Places Brownhill Inn Burns Cottage Drukken Steps Ellisland Farm Friars Carse The Hermitage, Friars Carse Irvine Burns Club Millmannoch Mossgiel Farm Robert Burns and the Eglinton Estate Writers' Museum Family Jean Armour (wife) Robert Burns Junior (son) Francis Wallace Burns (son) William Nicol Burns (son) Elizabeth 'Betty' Burns (natural daughter) James Glencairn Burns (son) Agnes Broun (mother) William Burnes (father) Gilbert Burns (brother) Agnes Burns (sister) Annabella Burns (sister) William Burns (brother) John Burns (brother) Isabella Burns (sister) Adam Armour (brother-in-law) James Armour (father-in-law) Robert Burnes (uncle) People Robert Aiken Robert Ainslie John Anderson John Bacon (landlord) John Ballantine Alison Begbie Thomas Blacklock Nelly Blair Richard Brown May Cameron Mary Campbell Margaret Chalmers Jenny Clow Alison Cockburn Alexander Cunningham (lawyer) Lord Glencairn Frances Dunlop Robert Fergusson Alexander Findlater Jean Gardner Jean Glover Robert Graham of Fintry Gavin Hamilton Helen Hyslop Nelly Kilpatrick John Lewars Janet Little Jean Lorimer (Chloris) James McKie John MacKenzie Agnes Maclehose John McMurdo William Maxwell John Murdoch William Nicol Anna Park Elizabeth Paton John Richmond James Smith David Sillar John Syme Alexander Tait Robert Tannahill Peggy Thompson Edward Whigham Related Glenriddell Manuscripts Bachelors' Club, Tarbolton Burns clubs Robert Burns World Federation Bust of Robert Burns Irvine Atlanta Burns supper Memorials Kilmarnock Robert Burns's Commonplace Book 1783–1785 Robert Burns's Interleaved Scots Musical Museum Montreal Barre Albany Boston Fredericton Robert Burns (Stevenson) Robert Burns (Steell) Poems and Songs by Alexander Tait Robert Burns's diamond point engravings Robert Burns and the Eglinton Estate Robert Burns Humanitarian Award The Loves of Robert Burns (1930 film) The Marriage of Robin Redbreast and the Wren The Merry Muses of Caledonia The Poetical Works of Janet Little, The Scotch Milkmaid A Manual of Religious Belief

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Scots Wha Hae](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scots_Wha_Hae) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scots_Wha_Hae?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.