# Schefflera

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{{Short description|Genus of plants}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Schefflera digitata 258334362.jpg
| image_caption = ''Schefflera digitata''
| taxon = Schefflera
| authority = [J.R.Forst.](/source/Johann_Reinhold_Forster) & [G.Forst.](/source/Georg_Forster) (1775)
| subdivision_ranks = 
| subdivision = 
| diversity = 13 species
| diversity_link = 
}}

'''''Schefflera''''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ʃ|ɛ|f|l|ər|ə}}<ref>{{cite book |isbn=978-0-376-03850-0 |title=Western Garden Book |url=https://archive.org/details/sunsetwesterngar00suns|url-access=registration |year=1995 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/sunsetwesterngar00suns/page/606 606–607] |edition=6th |publisher=Sunset Pub Co}}</ref> is a genus of [flowering plant](/source/flowering_plant)s in the family [Araliaceae](/source/Araliaceae) with 13 species native to New Zealand and some Pacific islands.<ref name="POWO_3093-1" >{{cite POWO |id=3093-1 |title=''Schefflera'' J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. |access-date=8 January 2023 }}</ref>

The genus is named in honor of {{Interlanguage link|Johann Peter Ernst von Scheffler|de}}, physician and botanist of [Gdańsk](/source/Gda%C5%84sk), and later of [Warsaw](/source/Warsaw), who contributed plants to {{Interlanguage link|Gottfried Reyger|de}} for Reyger's book, ''Tentamen Florae Gedanensis''.<ref>Forster. J.R. and Forster, G. ''[Characteres Generum Plantarum](/source/Characteres_Generum_Plantarum)'' [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23365#page/61/mode/1up (page)]. 1776</ref><ref>Reyger, G. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98179#page/448/mode/1up Tentamen Florae Gedanensis]. vol. 2. 1766</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14611923 |journal=Schriften der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Danzig |volume=8 |issue=2 |page=83 |year=1893 |editor=Schumann, E. |title=Die einheimisclien Mitglieder der Gesellschaft, Lebensläufe}}</ref>

==Taxonomy==
The [circumscription](/source/circumscription_(taxonomy)) of the genus has varied greatly. Phylogenetic studies have shown that the widely used broad circumscription was [polyphyletic](/source/polyphyletic), so most of its hundreds of species have been reassigned to other genera.<ref>{{cite journal |author=G. M. Plunkett |author2=Porter P. Lowry II |author3=D. G. Frodin |author4=Jun Wen|name-list-style=amp |year=2005 |title=Phylogeny and geography of ''Schefflera'': pervasive polyphyly in the largest genus of Araliaceae |journal=[Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden](/source/Annals_of_the_Missouri_Botanical_Garden) |volume=92 |issue=2 |pages=202–224 |jstor=3298514}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Pedro Fiaschi |author2=Gregory M. Plunkett|name-list-style=amp |year=2011 |title=Monophyly and phylogenetic relationships of Neotropical ''Schefflera'' (Araliaceae) based on plastid and nuclear markers |journal=[Systematic Botany](/source/Systematic_Botany) |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=806–817 |doi=10.1600/036364411X583754 |s2cid=85944746}}</ref> Molecular analyses have recovered five polyphyletic clades of ''Schefflera'', all of which are geographically isolated from one another yet share similar traits indicating [parallel evolution](/source/parallel_evolution).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Plunkett |first1=Gregory M |last2=Lowry |first2=Porter P |last3=Frodin |first3=David G |last4=Wen |first4=Jun |date=2005 |title=Phylogeny and geography of ''Schefflera'': Pervasive polyphyly in the largest genus of Araliaceae |journal=Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden |volume=92 |issue=2 |pages=202–224}}</ref> These clades have been split into separate genera, primarily along geographical lines, with ''Schefflera'' now consisting of thirteen species restricted to New Zealand and some Pacific islands.<ref name=Lowry2017>{{Cite journal |last1=Lowry |first1=Porter P. |last2=Plunkett |first2=Gregory M. |last3=Gostel |first3=Morgan R. |last4=Frodin |first4=David G. |date=June 2017 |title=A synopsis of the Afro-Malagasy species previously included in ''Schefflera'' (Araliaceae): resurrection of the genera ''Astropanax'' and ''Neocussonia'' |url=https://zenodo.org/record/7182886 |journal=Candollea |volume=72 |issue=2 |pages=265–282 |doi=10.15553/c2017v722a4 |s2cid=90636101 |issn=0373-2967}}</ref><ref name=Plunkett2019>{{Cite journal |last1=Plunkett |first1=Gregory M. |last2=Lowry |first2=Porter P. |last3=Fiaschi |first3=Pedro |last4=Frodin |first4=David G. |last5=Nicolas |first5=Antoine N. |date=2019 |title=Phylogeny, biogeography, and morphological evolution among and within the Neotropical and Asian clades of ''Schefflera'' (Araliaceae) |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/tax.12177 |journal=Taxon |language=en |volume=68 |issue=6 |pages=1278–1313 |doi=10.1002/tax.12177 |s2cid=214109057 |issn=1996-8175|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=Ii2019>{{Cite journal |last1=Ii |first1=Porter P. Lowry |last2=Plunkett |first2=Gregory M. |last3=Neill |first3=David A. |date=2019-11-22 |title=Studies in Neotropical Araliaceae. II. Resurrection of the Neotropical Genus ''Crepinella'' for a Clade of New World Species Previously Included in ''Schefflera'' (Araliaceae) |url=https://novon.mobot.org/index.php/novon/article/view/510 |journal=Novon: A Journal for Botanical Nomenclature |language=en |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=253–261 |doi=10.3417/2019510 |s2cid=210157464 |issn=1945-6174|url-access=subscription }}</ref>  The houseplant popularly known as "Schefflera" is now ''[Heptapleurum arboricola](/source/Heptapleurum_arboricola)''.

The old ''[Didymopanax](/source/Didymopanax)'' <small>Decne. & Planch., 1854</small> genus was resurrected in 2020 to welcome the 37 American species of ''Schefflera'' <small>J.R. et G. Forst.</small>.<ref name="FIASCHI 2020">{{cite journal |language=en |journal=Brittonia |title=Studies in Neotropical Araliaceae. III. Resurrection of the New World genus ''Didymopanax'' Decne. & Planch., previously included in ''Schefflera'' (Araliaceae) |author=Pedro FIASCHI |author2=Porter P. LOWRY |author3=Gregory M. PLUNKETT |url=https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12228-019-09604-w.pdf |year=2020 |pages=16Y22 (1–7) |doi=10.1007/s12228-019-09604-w |volume=72 |issue=1 |bibcode=2020Britt..72...16F |s2cid=210864937 |issn=0007-196X}}</ref>

The genus has had a turbulent taxonomic history; the list of former [synonyms](/source/Synonym_(taxonomy)) includes:
{{div col|colwidth=266px}}
*''Actinomorphe'' {{small|([Miq.](/source/Miq.)) [Miq.](/source/Miq.)}}
*''Actinophyllum'' {{small|[Ruiz](/source/Hip%C3%B3lito_Ruiz_L%C3%B3pez) & [Pav.](/source/Pav.)}}
*''Agalma'' {{small|[Miq.](/source/Miq.)}}
*''[Astropanax](/source/Astropanax)'' {{small|[Seem.](/source/Seem.)}}<ref name=Lowry2017/>
*''Brassaia'' {{small|[Endl.](/source/Endl.)}}
*''Cephaloschefflera'' {{small|([Harms](/source/Hermann_August_Theodor_Harms)) [Merr.](/source/Merr.)}}
*''[Crepinella](/source/Crepinella)'' {{small|[Marchal](/source/%C3%89lie_Marchal)}}<ref name=Ii2019/>
*''[Didymopanax](/source/Didymopanax)'' {{small|[Decne.](/source/Decne.) & [Planch.](/source/Planch.)}}<ref name="FIASCHI 2020" />
*''Geopanax'' {{small|[Hemsl.](/source/Hemsl.)}}
*''[Heptapleurum](/source/Heptapleurum)'' {{small|[Gaertn.](/source/Joseph_Gaertner)}}
*''[Neocussonia](/source/Neocussonia)'' {{small|[Hutch.](/source/Hutch.)}}<ref name=Lowry2017/>
*''Nesopanax'' {{small|[Seem.](/source/Seem.)}}
*''Parapanax'' {{small|[Miq.](/source/Miq.)}}
*''Paratropia'' {{small|([Blume](/source/Carl_Ludwig_Blume)) [DC.](/source/A._P._de_Candolle)}}
*''[Plerandra](/source/Plerandra)'' {{small|[A.Gray](/source/Asa_Gray)}}
*''[Sciadophyllum](/source/Sciadophyllum)'' {{small|[P.Browne](/source/P.Browne)}}
*''Tupidanthus'' {{small|[Hook.f.](/source/Hook.f.) & [Thomson](/source/Thomas_Thomson_(botanist))}}
{{div col end}}

==Species==
13 species are currently accepted:<ref>[https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:3093-1 ''Schefflera'' J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.] ''[Plants of the World Online](/source/Plants_of_the_World_Online)''. Accessed 16 April 2023.</ref>
*''[Schefflera balansana](/source/Schefflera_balansana)'' {{small|Baill.}} – New Caledonia
*''[Schefflera candelabrum](/source/Schefflera_candelabrum)'' {{small|Baill.}} – New Caledonia
*''[Schefflera coenosa](/source/Schefflera_coenosa)'' {{small|(R.Vig.) Frodin}} – southeastern New Caledonia, including [Isle of Pines](/source/Isle_of_Pines_(New_Caledonia))
*''[Schefflera digitata](/source/Schefflera_digitata)'' {{small|J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.}} – New Zealand
*''[Schefflera euthytricha](/source/Schefflera_euthytricha)'' {{small|A.C.Sm.}} – Fiji
*''[Schefflera kerchoveiana](/source/Schefflera_kerchoveiana)'' {{small|(Veitch ex W.Richards) Frodin & Lowry}} – Vanuatu
*''[Schefflera leratii](/source/Schefflera_leratii)'' {{small|R.Vig.}} – New Caledonia
*''[Schefflera neoebudica](/source/Schefflera_neoebudica)'' {{small|Guillaumin}} – Vanuatu
*''[Schefflera ouveana](/source/Schefflera_ouveana)'' {{small|(Däniker) Frodin}} – New Caledonia ([Loyalty Islands](/source/Loyalty_Islands))
*''[Schefflera pseudocandelabrum](/source/Schefflera_pseudocandelabrum)'' {{small|R.Vig.}} – New Caledonia
*''[Schefflera samoensis](/source/Schefflera_samoensis)'' {{small|(A.Gray) Harms}} – Samoa
*''[Schefflera vieillardii](/source/Schefflera_vieillardii)'' {{small|Baill.}} – New Caledonia
*''[Schefflera vitiensis](/source/Schefflera_vitiensis)'' {{small|(A.Gray) Seem.}} – Fiji

==Fossil record==
Two [fossil](/source/fossil) fruits of †''Schefflera dorofeevii'' have been extracted from bore hole samples of the [Middle Miocene](/source/Middle_Miocene) fresh water deposits in [Nowy Sacz](/source/Nowy_Sacz) Basin, [West Carpathians](/source/West_Carpathians), Poland.<ref>Łańcucka-Środoniowa M.: Macroscopic plant remains from the freshwater Miocene of the Nowy Sącz Basin (West Carpathians, Poland) [Szczątki makroskopowe roślin z miocenu słodkowodnego Kotliny Sądeckiej (Karpaty Zachodnie, Polska)]. Acta Palaeobotanica 1979 20 (1): 3–117.</ref>

==See also==
*''[Astropanax](/source/Astropanax)''
*''[Crepinella](/source/Crepinella)''
*''[Didymopanax](/source/Didymopanax)''
*''[Heptapleurum](/source/Heptapleurum)''
*''[Neocussonia](/source/Neocussonia)''
*''[Plerandra](/source/Plerandra)''
*''[Sciadophyllum](/source/Sciadophyllum)''

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q133351}}

Category:Schefflera
Category:Apiales genera

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Schefflera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schefflera) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schefflera?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.