# Scaleby Castle

> Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Scaleby_Castle
> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Scaleby_Castle.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scaleby_Castle
> Source revision: 1332015527
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

{{Short description|Castle in Cumbria, England}}
{{about|the castle|the ship|Scaleby Castle (1798 EIC ship)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox Military Structure
|name = Scaleby Castle
|location = [Scaleby](/source/Scaleby), [Cumbria](/source/Cumbria), England
|coordinates = {{coord|54.9532|N|2.8619|W|type:landmark_region:GB|display=inline,title}}
|gridref = {{gbmapping|NY449624}}
|image = 225px
|caption = Aerial photograph of Scaleby Castle
|pushpin_map            = United Kingdom City of Carlisle#Cumbria
|pushpin_map_caption    = Location in the [City of Carlisle](/source/City_of_Carlisle) district, [Cumbria](/source/Cumbria)##Location in [Cumbria](/source/Cumbria), England
|type = 
|materials = Stone
|height = 
|condition = 
|ownership = Private
|open_to_public = 
|battles = 
|events= [English Civil War](/source/English_Civil_War)
}}
'''Scaleby Castle''' is in the village of [Scaleby](/source/Scaleby), [Cumbria](/source/Cumbria), England. The castle was originally built in the early 14th century, and extended in the 15th century to form a substantial fortification. Parliamentary troops attacked the castle twice during the [English Civil War](/source/English_Civil_War), burning it. It was later restored to form a country house.

==Details==

Robert de Tilliol built Scaleby Castle after 1307, next to the village of Scaleby, {{convert|6|mi|km}} from [Carlisle](/source/Carlisle%2C_Cumbria).<ref>Pettifer, p.47.</ref> The Tilliols were a well-established family in the region from the reign of [Henry I](/source/Henry_I_of_England) onwards, and Robert was given the land for the castle by [Edward I](/source/Edward_I_of_England) and granted the authority to build a castle by [Edward II](/source/Edward_II).<ref>Taylor, p.344.</ref> The initial castle comprised two sets of buildings, linked by a small courtyard and protected by a curtain wall on both sides, surrounded by a large, circular, water-filled [moat](/source/moat) approximately {{convert|7.4|m|ft}}  wide, and an inner moat, since largely destroyed.<ref>Pettifer, p.47; ''[http://www.pastscape.org/hob.aspx?hob_id=11646 Scaleby Castle]'', National Monuments Record, accessed 5 April 2012.</ref>

The male Tilliol line died out in 1435; the castle then passed by marriage to the Colville family.<ref>Taylor, p.344.</ref> They rebuilt much of the castle in the late 15th century, including remodelling the [pele tower](/source/pele_tower), the great hall and the gateway, complete with a polygonal [barbican](/source/barbican).<ref>Pettifer, p.47.</ref> The pele tower formed a substantial fortification, about {{convert|40|ft|m}} by {{convert|30|ft|m}} across, with three floors and thick walls.<ref>Taylor, p.345.</ref> The Musgrave family acquired the castle and Sir Edward Musgrave rebuilt the south range of the castle in 1596.<ref>Taylor, p.344; Pettifer, p.47.</ref>
[[File:A lidar view of Scaleby Castle in Cumbria.jpg|thumb|A [lidar](/source/lidar) view of Scaleby Castle]]

In 1641, the [English Civil War](/source/English_Civil_War) broke out between the [Royalist](/source/Cavaliers) supporters of [Charles I](/source/Charles_I_of_England) and [Parliament](/source/Roundheads). Sir Edward's grandson, another Sir Edward Musgrave, was a strong Royalist supporter and declared for the king.<ref>Mackenzie, p.331.</ref> In February 1645, Parliamentary forces besieging nearby Carlisle also besieged and eventually seized Scaleby Castle, causing considerable damage; Edward recovered the castle, but in at the start of the [Second English Civil War](/source/Second_English_Civil_War) in 1648 he again took up arms on behalf of the king.<ref>Mackenzie, p.331.</ref> This time the castle immediately  fell to Parliamentary forces, who set fire to it.<ref>Mackenzie, p.331.</ref>

Sir Edward was heavily in debt so he sold the castle after the war to [Richard Gilpin](/source/Richard_Gilpin), who restored the property {{circa|1800}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gatehouse-gazetteer.info/English%20sites/674.html |title=Scaleby Castle|publisher=Gatehouse Gazetteer |accessdate=11 March 2015 }}</ref><ref>Mackenzie, p.332.</ref> The property remained in the hand of the Gilpins until it fell into disrepair; it was restored once again by Rowland Fawcett. In 1847 James Fawcett was resident there.<ref>Mackenzie, p.332; Taylor, p.344.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Images Of Cumbria - Scaleby Parish |url=http://www.stevebulman.f9.co.uk/cumbria/scaleby_f.html |website=www.stevebulman.f9.co.uk}}</ref>

Today the castle is a Grade I [listed building](/source/listed_building) and a [scheduled monument](/source/scheduled_monument).<ref>''[http://www.pastscape.org/hob.aspx?hob_id=11646 Scaleby Castle]'', National Monuments Record, accessed 5 April 2012.</ref> It is the seat of [Oliver Eden, 8th Baron Henley](/source/Oliver_Eden%2C_8th_Baron_Henley).

==See also==
{{portal|Cumbria}}
*[Grade I listed buildings in Cumbria](/source/Grade_I_listed_buildings_in_Cumbria)
*[Listed buildings in Scaleby](/source/Listed_buildings_in_Scaleby)
*[Castles in Great Britain and Ireland](/source/Castles_in_Great_Britain_and_Ireland)
*[List of castles in England](/source/List_of_castles_in_England)

==References==
{{Reflist|3}}

==Bibliography==
{{commons category|Scaleby Castle}}
* {{cite book
  | last = Mackenzie
  | first = James D.
  | year = 1896
  | title = The Castles of England: Their Story and Structure, Vol II
  | edition = 
  | publisher = Macmillan
  | location= New York
  | oclc = 504892038
  | url = https://archive.org/details/castlesenglandt00mackgoog
  | quote = mackenzie story and structure.
  | ref = 
  }}
* {{cite book
  | last = Pettifer
  | first = Adrian
  | year = 2002
  | title = English Castles: A Guide by Counties
  | edition = 
  | publisher = Boydell Press
  | location= Woodbridge, UK
  | isbn = 9780851157825
  | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=47iheRUGKIEC
  | ref = 
  }}
* {{cite book
  | last = Taylor
  | first = Michael Waistell
  | authorlink = Michael Waistell Taylor
  | year = 1892
  | title = Old Manorial Halls of Westmorland and Cumberland
  | edition = 
  | publisher = T. Wilson
  | location= Kendal, UK
  | isbn = 
  | url = https://archive.org/details/oldmanorialhall00taylgoog
  | ref = 
  }}

Category:Castles in Cumbria
Category:Scheduled monuments in Cumbria
Category:Country houses in Cumbria
Category:Grade I listed castles
Category:Grade I listed buildings in Cumbria
Category:Scaleby

---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Scaleby Castle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scaleby_Castle) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scaleby_Castle?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.