# Scaldfish
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{{Short description|Genus of fishes}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Scaldfish
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Early Miocene|present}}
| image = Arnoglossus laterna 2.jpg
| image_caption = ''[Arnoglossus laterna](/source/Arnoglossus_laterna)''
| taxon = Arnoglossus
| authority = [Bleeker](/source/Pieter_Bleeker), 1862
| type_species = ''[Pleuronectes arnoglossus](/source/Arnoglossus_laterna)''
| type_species_authority = [Bloch](/source/Marcus_Elieser_Bloch) & [Schneider](/source/Johann_Gottlob_Theaenus_Schneider), 1801
| synonyms = *''Anticitharus'' [Günther](/source/Albert_G%C3%BCnther), 1880
*''Caulopsetta'' [Gill](/source/Theodore_Nicholas_Gill), 1893
*''Charybdia'' Facciolà, 1885
*''Kyleia'' [Chabanaud](/source/Paul_Chabanaud), 1931
| synonyms_ref = [{{cite WoRMS|title=''Arnoglossus'' Bleeker, 1862|id=126109|accessdate = 18 March 2018|db=FishBase|author=Nicola Bailly|year=2014}}]
}}
The '''scaldfishes''' comprise a [genus](/source/genus), ''Arnoglossus'', of [lefteye flounder](/source/lefteye_flounder)s. They are found in the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic Oceans, including the [Mediterranean](/source/Mediterranean) and [Black Sea](/source/Black_Sea). They are entirely absent from most of the Americas; the only exceptions are ''A. coeruleosticta'' and ''A. multirastris'' found off [Chile](/source/Chile). The genus include both species found in shallow and deeper water. The largest species reaches {{cvt|28|cm}}.[{{FishBase genus | genus = Arnoglossus| month = March | year = 2024}} in length.]
==Species==
The 37 currently recognized species are:[
* ''[Arnoglossus andrewsi](/source/Arnoglossus_andrewsi)'' [Kurth](/source/Dudley_E._Kurth), 1954
* ''[Arnoglossus arabicus](/source/Arnoglossus_arabicus)'' [Norman](/source/John_Roxborough_Norman), 1939 (Arabian flounder)
* ''[Arnoglossus armstrongi](/source/Arnoglossus_armstrongi)'' [E. O. G. Scott](/source/Eric_Oswald_Gale_Scott), 1975
* ''[Arnoglossus aspilos](/source/Arnoglossus_aspilos)'' ([Bleeker](/source/Pieter_Bleeker), 1851) (spotless lefteye flounder)
* ''[Arnoglossus bassensis](/source/Arnoglossus_bassensis)'' [Norman](/source/John_Roxborough_Norman), 1926 (Bass Strait flounder)
* ''[Arnoglossus boops](/source/Arnoglossus_boops)'' ([Hector](/source/James_Hector), 1875)
* ''[Arnoglossus brunneus](/source/Arnoglossus_brunneus)'' ([Fowler](/source/Henry_Weed_Fowler), 1934) (brown lefteye flounder)
* ''[Arnoglossus capensis](/source/Arnoglossus_capensis)'' [Boulenger](/source/George_Albert_Boulenger), 1898 (Cape scaldfish)
* ''[Arnoglossus coeruleosticta](/source/Arnoglossus_coeruleosticta)'' ([Steindachner](/source/Franz_Steindachner), 1898)
* ''[Arnoglossus dalgleishi](/source/Arnoglossus_dalgleishi)'' ([von Bonde](/source/Cecil_von_Bonde), 1922) (east coast flounder)
* ''[Arnoglossus debilis](/source/Arnoglossus_debilis)'' ([C. H. Gilbert](/source/Charles_Henry_Gilbert), 1905) (weak lefteye flounder)
* ''[Arnoglossus elongatus](/source/Arnoglossus_elongatus)'' [M. C. W. Weber](/source/Max_Carl_Wilhelm_Weber), 1913 (long lefteye flounder)
* ''[Arnoglossus fisoni](/source/Arnoglossus_fisoni)'' [J. D. Ogilby](/source/James_Douglas_Ogilby), 1898 (Fison's lefteye flounder)
* ''[Arnoglossus grohmanni](/source/Arnoglossus_grohmanni)'' ([Bonaparte](/source/Charles_Lucien_Bonaparte), 1837)
* ''[Arnoglossus imperialis](/source/Arnoglossus_imperialis)'' ([Rafinesque](/source/Constantine_Samuel_Rafinesque), 1810) (imperial scaldfish)
* ''[Arnoglossus japonicus](/source/Arnoglossus_japonicus)'' [C. L. Hubbs](/source/Carl_Leavitt_Hubbs), 1915 (Japanese lefteye flounder)
* ''[Arnoglossus kessleri](/source/Arnoglossus_kessleri)'' [P. J. Schmidt](/source/Peter_Yulevich_Schmidt), 1915 (scaldback)
* ''[Arnoglossus kotthausi](/source/Arnoglossus_kotthausi)'' [Klausewitz](/source/Wolfgang_Klausewitz) & Schneider, 1986
* ''[Arnoglossus laterna](/source/Arnoglossus_laterna)'' ([Walbaum](/source/Johann_Julius_Walbaum), 1792) (Mediterranean scaldfish)
* ''[Arnoglossus macrolophus](/source/Arnoglossus_macrolophus)'' [Alcock](/source/Alfred_William_Alcock), 1889 (large-crested lefteye flounder)
* ''[Arnoglossus marisrubri](/source/Arnoglossus_marisrubri)'' [Klausewitz](/source/Wolfgang_Klausewitz) & M. Schneider, 1986
* ''[Arnoglossus micrommatus](/source/Arnoglossus_micrommatus)'' [Amaoka](/source/Kunio_Amaoka), [M. Arai](/source/Masahito_Arai) & [M. F. Gomon](/source/Martin_F._Gomon), 1997
* ''[Arnoglossus muelleri](/source/Arnoglossus_muelleri)'' ([Klunzinger](/source/Carl_Benjamin_Klunzinger), 1872) (Müller's flounder)
* ''[Arnoglossus multirastris](/source/Arnoglossus_multirastris)'' [Parin](/source/Nikolai_Vasilyevich_Parin), 1983
* ''[Arnoglossus nigrifrons](/source/Arnoglossus_nigrifrons)'' [Amaoka](/source/Kunio_Amaoka) & [Mihara](/source/Eiji_Mihara), 2000
* ''[Arnoglossus nigrofilamentosus](/source/Arnoglossus_nigrofilamentosus)'' Fricke, Golani & Appelbaum-Golani, 2017 (Filamentous flounder)
* ''[Arnoglossus oxyrhynchus](/source/Arnoglossus_oxyrhynchus)'' Amaoka, 1969 (sharp-snout lefteye flounder)
* ''[Arnoglossus polyspilus](/source/Arnoglossus_polyspilus)'' ([Günther](/source/Albert_G%C3%BCnther), 1880) (many-spotted lefteye flounder)
* ''[Arnoglossus rueppelii](/source/Arnoglossus_rueppelii)'' ([Cocco](/source/Anastasio_Cocco), 1844) (Rüppell's scaldback)
* ''[Arnoglossus sayaensis](/source/Arnoglossus_sayaensis)'' Amaoka & [Imamura](/source/Hisashi_Imamura), 1990
* ''[Arnoglossus scapha](/source/Arnoglossus_scapha)'' ([J. R. Forster](/source/Johann_Reinhold_Forster), 1801)
* ''[Arnoglossus septemventralis](/source/Arnoglossus_septemventralis)'' Amaoka & [Mihara](/source/Eiji_Mihara), 2000
* ''[Arnoglossus tapeinosoma](/source/Arnoglossus_tapeinosoma)'' ([Bleeker](/source/Pieter_Bleeker), 1865) (drab flounder)
* ''[Arnoglossus tenuis](/source/Arnoglossus_tenuis)'' [Günther](/source/Albert_G%C3%BCnther), 1880 (dwarf lefteye flounder)
* ''[Arnoglossus thori](/source/Arnoglossus_thori)'' [Kyle](/source/Harry_Macdonald_Kyle), 1913 (Thor's scaldfish)
* ''[Arnoglossus waitei](/source/Arnoglossus_waitei)'' [Norman](/source/John_Roxborough_Norman), 1926 (Waite's lefteye flounder)
* ''[Arnoglossus yamanakai](/source/Arnoglossus_yamanakai)'' [Fukui](/source/Atsushi_Fukui), [Yamada](/source/Umeyoshi_Yamada) & [Ozawa](/source/Takakazu_Ozawa), 1988
The following fossil species are also known:
* †''[Arnoglossus bassanianus](/source/Arnoglossus_bassanianus)'' ([Kramberger](/source/Dragutin_Gorjanovi%C4%87-Kramberger), 1883) ([Middle Miocene](/source/Middle_Miocene) of [Croatia](/source/Croatia) and [Kazakhstan](/source/Kazakhstan))][{{Cite journal |last1=Schwarzhans |first1=Werner |last2=Carnevale |first2=Giorgio |last3=Japundžić |first3=Sanja |last4=Bradić-Milinović |first4=Katarina |date=2017 |title=Otoliths in situ from Sarmatian (Middle Miocene) fishes of the Paratethys. Part V: Bothidae and Soleidae |url=https://sjpp.springeropen.com/articles/10.1007/s13358-017-0128-7 |journal=Swiss Journal of Palaeontology |language=en |volume=136 |issue=1 |pages=109–127 |doi=10.1007/s13358-017-0128-7 |bibcode=2017SwJP..136..109S |issn=1664-2384|url-access=subscription }}]
* †''[Arnoglossus dispar](/source/Arnoglossus_dispar)'' Schwarzhans ''et al.'', 2024 (middle Miocene of Ukraine) [[otolith](/source/otolith)][{{Cite journal |last1=Schwarzhans |first1=Werner |last2=Klots |first2=Oleksandr |last3=Kovalchuk |first3=Oleksandr |last4=Dubikovska |first4=Anastasiia |last5=Ryabokon |first5=Tamara |last6=Kovalenko |first6=Volodymyr |date=2024-09-08 |title=Life on a Miocene barrier reef – fish communities and environments in the Medobory backreef |url=https://palaeo-electronica.org/content/2024/5322-medobory-backreef-fish-fauna |journal=Palaeontologia Electronica |language=English |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=1–44 |doi=10.26879/1429 |issn=1094-8074|doi-access=free }}]
* †''[Arnoglossus distinctus](/source/Arnoglossus_distinctus)'' Svichenskaya, 1981 ([early Miocene](/source/early_Miocene) of [North Caucasus](/source/North_Caucasus), Russia)[{{Cite journal |last1=Svichenskaya |first1=A. A. |last2=Svichenskaya |first2=A. A. |date=1981-01-01 |title=New species of Pleuronectiformes from the Caucasian miocene |url=https://eurekamag.com/research/005/981/005981052.php |journal=Paleontological Journal |language=en |volume=1 |pages=127–131 |issn=0031-0301}}]
* †''[Arnoglossus holleri](/source/Arnoglossus_holleri)'' Weinfurter, 1952 (early to middle Miocene of Europe) [otolith][{{Cite journal |last1=Agiadi |first1=Konstantina |last2=Koskeridou |first2=Efterpi |last3=Thivaiou |first3=Danae |date=2021-07-26 |title=At the crossroads: early Miocene marine fishes of the proto-Mediterranean Sea |url=https://fr.copernicus.org/articles/24/233/2021/ |journal=Fossil Record |language=English |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=233–246 |doi=10.5194/fr-24-233-2021 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2021FossR..24..233A |issn=2193-0066}}]
* †[''Arnoglossus'' ''ovalis''](/source/Arnoglossus_ovalis) Svichenskaya, 1981 (early Miocene of North Caucasus, Russia)[{{Cite web |title=BSPI Vol. 64(2) - Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana |url=https://www.paleoitalia.it/bollettino-spi/bspi-vol-642/ |access-date=2025-07-09 |language=it-IT}}][{{Cite journal |last=Gaudant |first=Jean |date=2008 |title=Paléobiodiversité et paléoenvironnements: l'exemple des gisements de poissons téléostéens du Messinien préévaporitique d'Oran et du bassin du Chélif (Algérie) |url=https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/en/periodiques/geodiversitas/30/1/paleobiodiversite-et-paleoenvironnements-l-exemple-des-gisements-de-poissons-teleosteens-du-messinien-preevaporitique-d-oran-et-du-bassin-du-chelif-algerie |journal=Geodiversitas |language=en |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=141–163}}]
* †''[Arnoglossus sumgaiticus](/source/Arnoglossus_sumgaiticus)'' Svichenskaya, 1981 (early Miocene of North Caucasus, Russia)