# Santa Juana

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Not to be confused with [Santa Juana Dam](/source/Santa_Juana_Dam).

**Santa Juana** is a [city](/source/List_of_cities_in_Chile) and [commune](/source/Communes_of_Chile) of the [Concepción Province](/source/Concepci%C3%B3n_Province,_Chile) in the [Bío Bío Region](/source/B%C3%ADo_B%C3%ADo_Region) of [Chile](/source/Chile). It lies south and west of the [Biobío River](/source/Biob%C3%ADo_River) in the valley of [Catirai](/source/Catiray) and is 48 kilometers from [Concepción, Chile](/source/Concepci%C3%B3n,_Chile).

## History

The [Mapuche](/source/Mapuche) originally named the valley where Santa Juana is now located the *Valley of [Catirai](/source/Catirai)*, and the inhabitants *Catirayen*.[3] This town originated with a fort established in March 1626 by Governor [Luis Fernández de Córdoba y Arce](/source/Luis_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_C%C3%B3rdoba_y_Arce) and was named *Santa Juana de Guadalcázar* in memory of the wife of the [viceroy of Peru](/source/Viceroy_of_Peru), [Diego Fernández de Córdoba, Marquis of Guadalcázar](/source/Diego_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_C%C3%B3rdoba,_Marquis_of_Guadalc%C3%A1zar). Evacuated in 1641, it was repaired and expanded in 1648 by the governor [Martín de Mujica y Buitrón](/source/Mart%C3%ADn_de_Mujica_y_Buitr%C3%B3n). It was destroyed by the Mapuches in 1722, but restored two years later.

In 1739 Governor [José Antonio Manso de Velasco](/source/Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_Manso_de_Velasco) made important adjustments, improving and properly supplying the fortress and constructing between the river and the small Laguna de Rayenantú behind it, deep ditches, that turned the enclosure into an island, and increasing its population to serve as its garrison for the defense of the region and the wooded valleys of the southern mountainous area. Governor [Antonio de Guill y Gonzaga](/source/Antonio_de_Guill_y_Gonzaga) obtained the title of "Villa" for the town in 1765,[4] but the wars with the Indians did not allow it to make any progress even though it constituted the refuge of the extinguished towns of Coya, Monterey and San Jerónimo. It was also one of the towns burned in 1821 at the order of [Vicente Benavides](/source/Vicente_Benavides) the rebellious royalist [guerrilla](/source/Guerrilla). It was later ruined by the [earthquake](/source/Earthquake) on February 20, 1835. As a result of this last disaster the town was six years later moved to its present more suitable location.

Santa Juana was head of the [Department of Lautaro](/source/Department_of_Lautaro) between 1841[5] and 1865.[6] On May 30, 1865, [Coronel](/source/Coronel,_Chile) became the new capital of the department.[6] With the Law of Independent Communes, December 22, 1891, the Decree of Creation of Municipalities was promulgated,[5] with which created the Municipality of Santa Juana, in which Santa Juana administers Santa Juana, Santo Domingo and San Jerónimo, whose boundaries were determined by the decrees of November 13, 1885, March 29 and December 1, 1886.

## Demographics

According to the 2002 [census](/source/Census) of the [National Statistics Institute](/source/National_Statistics_Institute_(Chile)), Santa Juana spans an area of 731.2 km2 (282 sq mi) and has 12,713 inhabitants (6,357 men and 6,356 women). Of these, 7,095 (55.8%) lived in [urban areas](/source/Urban_area) and 5,618 (44.2%) in [rural areas](/source/Rural_area). The population grew by 6.3% (756 persons) between the 1992 and 2002 censuses.[7]

## Administration

As a commune, Santa Juana is a third-level [administrative division of Chile](/source/Administrative_division_of_Chile) administered by a [municipal council](/source/Municipal_council), headed by an [alcalde](/source/Alcalde) who is directly elected every four years. The 2008-2012 alcalde is Angel Castro Medina ([PDC](/source/Christian_Democratic_Party_(Chile))).[8][9]

Within the [electoral divisions of Chile](/source/Electoral_divisions_of_Chile), Santa Juana is represented in the [Chamber of Deputies](/source/Chamber_of_Deputies_of_Chile) by Sergio Bobadilla ([UDI](/source/Independent_Democratic_Union)) and Clemira Pacheco ([PS](/source/Socialist_Party_of_Chile)) as part of the 45th electoral district, (together with [Tomé](/source/Tom%C3%A9), [Penco](/source/Penco), [Florida](/source/Florida,_Chile), [Hualqui](/source/Hualqui), [Coronel](/source/Coronel,_Chile)). The commune is represented in the [Senate](/source/Senate_of_Chile) by Alejandro Navarro Brain ([MAS](/source/Broad_Social_Movement)) and Hosain Sabag Castillo (PDC) as part of the 12th senatorial constituency (Biobío-Cordillera).

## References

1. ["Chile Time"](https://web.archive.org/web/20070911130719/http://www.world-time-zones.org/zones/chile-time.htm). WorldTimeZones.org. Archived from [the original](http://www.world-time-zones.org/zones/chile-time.htm) on 2007-09-11. Retrieved 2010-07-28.

1. ["Chile Summer Time"](https://web.archive.org/web/20070911130451/http://www.world-time-zones.org/zones/chile-summer-time.htm). WorldTimeZones.org. Archived from [the original](http://www.world-time-zones.org/zones/chile-summer-time.htm) on 2007-09-11. Retrieved 2010-07-28.

1. Montero de Tortora, Lo que fue Catirai y es Santa Juana de Guadalcazar. pg. 6,7

1. I. Municipalidad de Santa Juana, 2007. Antecedentes Históricos. Estudios realizados por la Universidad de Concepción en los empalzamientos del Fuerte Santa Juana de Gualdalcázar. Disponible en [http://www.santajuana.cl/Fuerte%20Historico.asp](http://www.santajuana.cl/Fuerte%20Historico.asp) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20080417214132/http://www.santajuana.cl/Fuerte%20Historico.asp) 2008-04-17 at the Wayback Machine

1. I. Municipalidad de Santa Juana, 2007. Anexos: Datos Históricos de Nuestra Comuna. Disponible en ["::::www.santajuana.cl::::"](https://web.archive.org/web/20080402050611/http://www.santajuana.cl/anexos.asp). Archived from [the original](http://www.santajuana.cl/anexos.asp) on 2008-04-02. Retrieved 2008-09-19.

1. I. Municipalidad de Coronel, 2007. Historia de Coronel. Coronel: Su desarrollo urbano y poblacional. Disponible en [\[1\]](https://web.archive.org/web/20070607170107/http://www.coronel.cl/historia/desarrollo.htm)

1. ["National Statistics Institute"](http://www.ine.cl/canales/chile_estadistico/censos_poblacion_vivienda/censo_pobl_vivi.php) (in Spanish). Retrieved 1 January 2011.

1. ["Asociación Chilena de Municipalidades"](http://www.santajuana.cl/) (in Spanish). Retrieved 23 February 2011.

1. ["Municipality of Santa Juana"](http://www.santajuana.cl/) (in Spanish). Retrieved 23 February 2011.

- [Francisco Solano Asta-Buruaga y Cienfuegos, Diccionario geográfico de la República de Chile, D. Appleton y Compania, Nueva York, 1899](https://books.google.com/books?id=CYYCAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA31&vq=Andali%C3%A9n&source=gbs_search_r&cad=0_1#PPA742,M1) pg. 742
- Montero, Elsa; **Lo que fue Catirai y es Santa Juana de Guadalcázar**. Santiago: Editorial Universitaria, 1967. 24 p., Ubicación: Sección Chilena 10;(1010–26), N° sistema: 603103

## External links

- [Municipality of Santa Juana](http://www.SantaJuana.cl/)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Santa Juana](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Juana) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Juana?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.